After research I have been found the causes of absenteeism and I have given suggestions for decrease it. The causes of absenteeism are:- 1) Students don’t like timing of the class. 2) Students not interested in particular subject. 3) They don’t like instructor. The entire study is based on primary data which have collected by filling questioner by all three study centers Students of B.com I Agra.

1. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism in D.E.I.
Educational Institutions in Agra
(Ellora, Agra City, and Adanbagh Education Centers)
A Project
Submittedby:-
Amar Shakti Kumar
B.Com (Hons.) Vth sem
12D064
Under The Supervision of :-
Mr. S.P. Bhanot

2. Certificate
This is certify that the report entitled “A study of causes of students’ absenteeism in D.E.I.
Educational Institutions in Agra
” Submitted by AMAR SHAKTI KUMAR, to the Ellora study centre, Faculty of commerce.
Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, for the partial fulfillment of the degree of
“BACHELOR OF COMMERCE” in commerce, is a research work carried out by him, under my
supervision, further; this work has not been submitted for award of any other degree.
Name: - Sant Prasad Bhanot
(Project Supervisor)
B.Com Incharge,
Ellora Study Centre
Date:

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A student is like a pearl diver in search of treasure, in the ocean of
knowledge. For research studies, even sky is not the limit, but a researcher
tries to get as much as possible.”
To start with a hymn of thanks to God for his blessings was and isalways with me to overcome any
difficulty.This is to acknowledge my sincere, humble and deepest sense of gratitude towards my guide
respected Mr. S.P. Bhanot and Mr. Shivam mathur. His guidance,expert suggestions and moral support
during course of investigation has helped me to complete this project successfully.
It‟s my pleasure to avail this golden opportunity to express my sincere
thanks to Mr. S.P. Bhanot.I am grateful To all the staff members and my dear classmates.

4. DECLARATION
I, Amar Shakti Kumar, hereby declare that the project entitled “A study of causes of students’
absenteeism in D.E.I. Educational Institutions in Agra” is my own work and that, to the best
of my knowledge and has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the
university or other institute of higher learning, expect where due acknowledgement has been
made in the text.
AMAR SHAKTI KUMAR
DATE:

5. ABSTRACT
After research I have been found the causes of absenteeism and I have given suggestions for
decrease it.
The causes of absenteeism are:-
1) Students don’t like timing of the class.
2) Students not interested in particular subject.
3) They don’t like instructor.
The entire study is based on primary data which have collected by filling questioner by all three
study centers Students of B.com I Agra.

6. CONTENTS
Chapter-1
1  Introduction
 Need of the study
 Objective of the study
 Limatation of the study
 Research methodology
2 Chapter-2
 Review of literature
3 Chapter-3
 Brief history of Distance education Centers
4 Chapter-4
 Data analysis and Interpretation
 Findings
 Suggestions
 Conclusion
5 Biblography
6 Questioner copy

7. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
1
CHAPTER- 1
Sr. no. Content
1 Introduction
2 Need of the study
3 Objective of the study
4 Limitation of the study
5 Research methodology

8. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
2
Introduction
The study of absenteeism is very important for any universities, colleges,schools.
The word absenteeism means the absence of student from class when he is
scheduled to be present at university. When teacher has no information in
advance, that the student will not reputed for class if he has taken leave to which
he is entitled or on ground of sickness or in case of accident. Thus absence may
authorized or unauthorized willful or caused by circumstance beyond teacher's
control.
Absenteeism from lectures by the students appears to be a serious problem that
seems to transcend and defile all the strategies by the university authorities and
lecturers’ efforts to curb it. Investigators reported the magnitude of this
phenomenonand its consequenceson the students’ immediate academic
achievement and future application of skills since students are active participants
in their learning experiences and must take responsibilityfor achieving their
potentials through successfulcompletionof each stage of their studies, it is
commontherefore to see many universities coming up with various measures to
ensure students’ attendance at lectures in accordance with their commitments to
encourage and help the students to achieve their potentials to the maximum
capability in their studies and in developing lifelong skills and competencies.
Attendance is a key componentin students’
“Many factors can contribute to student absenteeism.Family health or financial
concerns,poor schoolclimate, drug and alcohol use, transportation problems,and
differing community attitudes towards education are among the conditions that are
often associated with a student’s frequent absence from university”

9. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
3
Need of the study:-
Student absenteeism is a major issue in public education. Concerted efforts
have been expended aimed at engaging students and promoting active learning,
but university are still full of “clock-watchers” Many high scholars regularly skip
classes. Student absenteeism is a major concern for lecturers at institutions of
higher learning. Absences create a dead, tiresome, unpleasant classroom
environment that makes students who come to class uncomfortable and the
lecturer irritable (Marburger 2001).
Absenteeism disturbs the dynamic teaching-learning environment and
adversely affects the overall well-being of classes (Segal 2008). In quality terms,
absenteeism is a waste of educational resources, time and human potential.
Student absenteeism also causes rework and wasted time for lecturers (Lalek
1995; Rumberger 1997). Lecturers who spend class time re-teaching lessons take
instructional time away from students who attend class regularly, and the extra
time spent going over absentee homework and class assignments takes time
away from lecturer planning periods and time needed to provide individual
assistance (Weller 1996). When students are absent from class, they miss
valuable information resulting from peer-lecturer interaction and the benefits of the
specificexamples lecturers use to clarify difficult concepts.
Objectives of the study:-
 To find out root cause of Absenteeism among three study centers in Agra
 To find out remedies forthe students’ Absenteeism.
Limitations of the Study:-
This study has involved only B.Com Students of three study centers in Agra for the
year 2014-15

10. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
4
Research methodology:-
For achieving the purpose of the study has been based on primary data.
a) Sources of data:
The study has been based on primary data. Data regarding causes of
students’ absenteeism has been collected from the survey of a study on
causes of students’ absenteeism and with the help of survey.
b) Presentation:
Graphs and tables have been used for the purpose of presentation of study.
(c) Details of statisticaltools used:
After the survey I have calculated the causes of students absentees in the
study centres hase been use for analysis and interpretation.
 Percentage,
 graphs,
 charts.

11. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
5
CHAPTER-2
REVIEW OF LETERATURE

12. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
6
Review of Literature:-
sr. Author Year findings Discription
The University of
Oxford
1991 The University of Oxford suggests that students
should sign a legally binding contract requiring
them to attend lectures and tutorials, complete
written work and attend practical lessons
2 Daniel R.Marburger 2001 relationshipbetween
absenteeismand
studentperformance.
- Absentfromclasswill effecttheirgrade.- (Age,GPA
attempted) tocontrol forstudent’smaturityand
dedication. A studentwhomissedagivenclass
periodwassignificantlymore likelytorespond
incorrectlytomultiple-choice examquestions
corresponding.
Sarah Moore*, Claire
Armstrong and Jill
Pearson
2008 Lecture
absenteeism
among students in
higher education: a
valuable
Route to
understanding
student motivation
The reasons associated with lecture
absenteeism among student groups could
shed significant light on student motivation levels
and orientations in university
settings. Paying attention to the rationales for
lecture absence provided by
students themselves could also help institutions
to diagnose levels of student
engagement and respond in appropriate ways.
This study demonstrates these
assertions by engaging in a critical analysis of
the evidence linking lecture
attendance and academic performance, using a
qualitative analysis of student
accounts of their absenteeism. It argues that
innovative approaches to higher
education would benefit from the extension and
development of this kind of
inquiry.
Shaini Jaura To Study The
Reasons Of
Absenteeism Of XI
StdStudent And
Find Out The
Remedies
Education is not merely the delivery of
knowledge, skills and information fromteachers
to students. what is really important about being
and becoming educated. Beingan educated
person means you have access to optimal states
of mind regardless of thesituation you are in. You
are able to perceive accurately, think clearly and
act effectively toachieve self-selected goals and
aspirations
Barlow,
Joyce;Fleischer,
Stephanie
Student Absenteeism:
Whose Responsibility?
Internationally there is concern about levels of
student absenteeism. Researchunderpinning this
article consisted of a survey of academic staff
and 25 interviews withfirst year students in a
well regarded "new" university in Britain. The
article explores theissue of poor attendance and
why a significant number of students seem
to have difficultyin engaging fully with their

13. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
7
studies in order to become critical and
autonomous learners.We look at the role of
government policy, institutions, educators,
students, schools and parents.
Three South African
Universities(Newman
Wadesango
and Severino
MachingambiAbstract)
Causes
and Structural
Effects of Student
Absenteeism
The aim of the study was to investigate the
extent of student absenteeism inselected
universities in South Africa, explore the
reasons why student absent themselvesfrom
classes and examine the implications of
student absenteeism. The study adopted the
mixed methodology and used a survey
research designas the operational
framework for data gathering. Data were
collected by self administeredquestionnaires
and interviews with one hundred and twenty-
six students from threeuniversities in South
Africa. The study revealed that student
absenteeism is rampant in theuniversities
under study due to reasons such as: lack of
subject interest, poor teachingstrategies by
lecturers, unfavourable learning
environment, too much socialization, part-
time jobs to augment meagre bursaries
granted by various sponsors and poor
relations withthe lecturers. The study also
found an inverse relationship between
student absenteeism and course
performance
Karen Dupre Jacobs,
William Allan Kritsonis,
PhD
AnAnalysis of
Teacher and Student
Absenteeism inUrban
School
This article addresses an analysis of current
literature on employee and
studentabsenteeism and seeks to provide
key recommendations that may yield higher
levels of attendance and student
achievement in urban school districts. It
hones on the idea thateducational leaders
must be cognizant of the factors relating to
absenteeism and its costto the educational
community at large. Additionally, examples
of employee incentivesand elements of
effective student truancy plans are
recommended that may aide incurtailing
student and teacher absenteeism rate for the
district
J.R. Rodgers - The sensitivity of - The availability of panel data allows the use

14. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
8
Department of
Economics
University of
Wollongong
the attendance
coefficient to the
exclusion from the
data set of students
with atypically low
levels of
attendance
of methodology that takes account of
heterogeneity among students in
unobservable variables that effect both
attendance and student performance.
- Absenteeism also likely to affect’s student’s
propensity to attend class leading to an
upward bias in estimates of effect of
attendance on performance obtained from
regression analysis.
Carlos Dobkin,
Richard Gil*, Justin
Marion
Economic
Department, Us
Santa Cruz, United
States
- A commonly
encountered
problem in the
literature is difficulty
in disentangling the
causal effect of
class attendance
from unobserved
factor’s such as
student’s intrinsic
motivation or
interest
. Students do not respond to mandatory
attendance to teaching assistant sections
and homework performance.
- The mandatory attendance policy is on the
whole a positive factor in student’s academic
achievement.
ABSENTEEISM,
REPETITION
AND SILENT
EXCLUSION IN
INDIA
2002 ABSENTEEISM,
REPETITION
AND SILENT
EXCLUSION IN
INDIA
Many children who are nominally enrolled do
not
attend regularly. School attendance is a
critical
factor for performance. Studies show that
higher
attendance is related to higher achievement
for
students of all backgrounds
Jawaharlal Institute of
Post Graduate
Medical Education
and Research
(JIPMER),
Pondicherry, India.
Student
absenteeism in a
rural aria in
Tamilnadu
A common cause of school absenteeism
observed in the present study was social
functions at home and in the community.
Children were often asked to stay at home to
help or to escort female members of the
family to neighbouring villages to attend
some functions. This points to a lack of
discipline among not only children but also
elders and the priortization of social customs
over education.

15. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
9
CHAPTER-3
Brief history of Distance education Centers

16. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
10
Brief History of D.E.I Distance education Centers.
The Distance Education programme of DEI was launched in the year 2004 to
extend the benefits of its high quality innovative, and value-based education to all
sections of society, especially the weaker sections and women residing in remote,
backward and tribal areas. Aimed towards their empowerment and economic
development, a number of employment-oriented vocational programmes are
offeredwith very nominal fees.
In addition to these, higher level degree/diploma programmes are also offered.
Most of the programmes offered are recognized by the Distance Education Council
(DEC) of IGNOU. Presently, the distance education programmes are offered at 85
Study Centres in India and 6 abroad. Well-equipped laboratories, workshops and
state-of-the-art communication technology including EDUSAT satellite-interactive
terminals/Polycom based internet connectivity provide two-way interaction
between the DEI and its Study Centres. The Distance Education Programme
adopts a Blended Mode of education with a mix of traditional face to face
interaction (3 hours per day and 6 days in a week) and e-education. Some of the
programmes are taught via the synchronous on-line mode and some are web-
based.

17. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
11
.
CHAPTER-4
Sr. no. contents
1 Data analysis and Interpretation
2 Findings
3 Suggestions
4 Conclusion

18. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
12
DATA ANALYSIS INTERPRETAION
GENDER TOTAL NO. OF MALE AND FEMALE
MALE 29
FEMALE 37
AGE persons
17- 19 27
20-23 39
24-25
Q No. Who do you think has ultimate responsibility for ensuring absenteeism?
Answere no. No. of students
1 36
2 16
3 7
4 11
DISTANCE OF
COLLEGE FROM
RESIDENCE
No. of students
Blew 1 km. 2
1-5 Km. 37
6-10 Km. 16
10-15 Km. 7
15-20 Km. 2
Above 20 Km. 2

19. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
13
Q no. 4 On average, how often are you absent from a class?
Answere no. No. of students
Never. 8
1 - 3 times / semester. 27
4 - 6 times / semester. 18
More than 6 times / semester 13
Do you think that absence from the class will affect student’s academic performance?
subjects No. of students
Yes 43
No 22
Possible causes Definitely a causes
2 3 4 5
You are not able to cope with students 7 10 4 2
You have behavioral and/or emotional
problems that interfere with learning.
17 5 2 3
You have inadequate health care, and so
are often sick.
17 8 4 6
You are not motivated 8 6 2 4
You do not feel safe and secure at the
college.
9 5 1 3
Negative events at home life interfering
with learning.
16 12 6 3
You are not interested in a particular
subject
18 11 9 3
You do not like the instructor 16 4 9 3
You do not like the timing of the class 13 6 8 17

20. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
14
Program We already have a program like this?
Yes No
Friendly and mutually respectful lecturer/ student relationship
42 21
Smaller class sizes (about 30 students)
51 15
Establish a program of constantly emphasizing the benefits of
attending class to students
45 23

21. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
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According to above pie chart students responcible for absent from the class is students
themselves
44%
56%
Total male and female involves inthis research:-
44% male students
56% female students
48%
24%
10%
17%
Responsibility for ensuring absenteeism is
48% Students themselves
24% Friends
10% Family
17% Lacturers

22. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
16
According to above graph 50 to 60 % students come from 1 to 5 km. for study so 15 to 20 or
above 20 km.far living students can be resion for absentiessm.
According to above pie chart 41% students absent from the class 1 to 3 times per
semester
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
blew 1 km. 1 to 5 km. 6 to 10 km. 10 to 15 km. 15 to 20 km. Above 20 km.
Distance of College fromResidence
12%
41%27%
20%
On average, students are often absent
from a class
Never
1-3 times / semester
4-6 times/ semestrer
more than 6 times / semester

23. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
17
According the above table all degrees highest on the top of the graph that is Students don’t like
timing of the class.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Not able to cope with students
Bhevioral and emotional problems
Inadequate health care
Not motivated
Not feel safe secure at the college
Negative events at home
Not Intrested in particular subject
Don’t like the Instructor
don’t like timing of the class
degree 5
degree 4
degree 3
degree 2

24. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
18
According to above graph more students has been said- yes we have already have a program
like this from that students which has been said -no, we have not a program like this, so here all
facilities is already in D.E.I. study centers.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Frindly and mutually
lecturer/ student
relationship
smaller class size establish a program of
constantly
emphasizing the
benefits of attending
class to students
no, we have not a
program like this
yes, we have already
have a program like this

25. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
19
FINDINGS:-
After analysis and interpretation found some causes which is written blew:-
4) Students don’t like timing of the class.
5) Students are not interested in particular subject.
6) They don’t like instructor.
Above given the causes of absenteeism from three study centers in Agra.
Other causes:-
1) Inadequate health care.
2) Negative events at home.
SUGGESTIONS:-
According to findings my suggestion on first cause (Students don’t like timing of the class.) for
solving this problem they should be change the timing of the class. Normally the timing of the
class is 7:30 to 11:00 Am. If we changed the absenteeism will go decrease.
My next suggestion
According to findings my suggestion on second cause (Students not interested in particular
subject). If students not interested in particular subject means they are not good in particular
subject, because their base is too weak. So institutions should provide extra classes for that
particular subject.
According to findings my suggestion on third cause (They don’t like instructor.) means they have
some problem with that instructor means ineffective lectures, not able cope with students, so
students can give application for change that instructor .
Other causes we cannot interfere in personal matter.

26. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
20
CONCLUSION:-
We cannot fully control on students absenteeism but we can decrease it,
But everybody knows that D.E.I. currently apply rule: - Attendance is must to sittings in the
examination room. After this application of rule absenteeism will not accrue expect of
emergency.
It is compulsory for the students to be regular in dei,because numbers are counted for the
regular attendance , according to this every subject contains some numbers for attendance ,
this affects the over all percentage of the students. But according to students some students are
doing jobs , or other courses due to this they do not attend the college daily . Some students
said that the timings of college are not suitable for them.

27. A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014
21
Bibliography:-
Websites
 www.dei.ac.in
 www .freepatentsonline.com
 www.ceep.indiana.edu
 www.wikipidia.com
 www.tandfonline.com
 www.articles.sun-sentinel.com
 www.My3q.com