- A new framework is proposed called "planetary boundaries" to define environmental thresholds that should not be crossed to maintain a stable state similar to the current Holocene period that has enabled human civilization.
- Crossing certain biophysical boundaries could have disastrous consequences by pushing the Earth system into a new state less suitable for human development.
- Three key boundaries - climate change, biodiversity loss, and interference with the nitrogen cycle - have already been exceeded according to the analysis, indicating the environment is already being threatened by human activity.
Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Slides are all about summary of Johan Rockström et al., which basically talks about the nine planetary boundaries defined by author globally and explains about the control variables, thresholds, and where we as a Human stand right now with respect to both social boundaries and planetary boundaries.
Adaptation to global change must include prudent management of groundwater as a renewable, but slow-feedback resource in most cases. Groundwater storage is already over-tapped in many regions, yet available subsurface storage may be a key to meeting the combined demands of agriculture, industry, municipal and domestic water supply, and ecosystems during times of shortage.
CLIMATE change affects the components of water cycle such as evaporation, precipitation and evapotranspiration and thus results in large-scale alteration in water present in glaciers, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. The effects of cli-mate change on subsurface water relates to the changes in its recharge and discharge rates plus changes in quantity and quality of water in aquifers. Climate change refers to the long-term changes in the components of climate such as temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, etc. The major cause of climate change is the rising level of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere such as CO2, CH4, N2O, water vapour, ozone and chlorofluorocarbon. These GHGs absorb 95% of the longwave back radiations emitted from the surface, thus making the Earth warmer. Except CO2, the effects of other GHGs are minor because of their low concentration and also because of low residence times (e.g. water vapour and methane). The rise in CO2 level causing global warming was first proposed by Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish scientist in 1896 and now it is a widely accepted fact that the concentration of CO2 is the primary regulator of temperature on the Earth and leads to global warming.
Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Slides are all about summary of Johan Rockström et al., which basically talks about the nine planetary boundaries defined by author globally and explains about the control variables, thresholds, and where we as a Human stand right now with respect to both social boundaries and planetary boundaries.
Adaptation to global change must include prudent management of groundwater as a renewable, but slow-feedback resource in most cases. Groundwater storage is already over-tapped in many regions, yet available subsurface storage may be a key to meeting the combined demands of agriculture, industry, municipal and domestic water supply, and ecosystems during times of shortage.
CLIMATE change affects the components of water cycle such as evaporation, precipitation and evapotranspiration and thus results in large-scale alteration in water present in glaciers, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. The effects of cli-mate change on subsurface water relates to the changes in its recharge and discharge rates plus changes in quantity and quality of water in aquifers. Climate change refers to the long-term changes in the components of climate such as temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, etc. The major cause of climate change is the rising level of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere such as CO2, CH4, N2O, water vapour, ozone and chlorofluorocarbon. These GHGs absorb 95% of the longwave back radiations emitted from the surface, thus making the Earth warmer. Except CO2, the effects of other GHGs are minor because of their low concentration and also because of low residence times (e.g. water vapour and methane). The rise in CO2 level causing global warming was first proposed by Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish scientist in 1896 and now it is a widely accepted fact that the concentration of CO2 is the primary regulator of temperature on the Earth and leads to global warming.
impactos del cambio climatico en ecosistemas costerosXin San
Anthropogenically induced global climate change has profound implications for marine
ecosystems and the economic and social systems that depend upon them. The
relationship between temperature and individual performance is reasonably well
understood, and much climate-related research has focused on potential shifts in
distribution and abundance driven directly by temperature. However, recent work has
revealed that both abiotic changes and biological responses in the ocean will be
substantially more complex. For example, changes in ocean chemistry may be more
important than changes in temperature for the performance and survival of many
organisms. Ocean circulation, which drives larval transport, will also change, with
important consequences for population dynamics. Furthermore, climatic impacts on one
or a few leverage species may result in sweeping community-level changes. Finally,
synergistic effects between climate and other anthropogenic variables, particularly fishing
pressure, will likely exacerbate climate-induced changes. Efforts to manage and conserve
living marine systems in the face of climate change will require improvements to the
existing predictive framework. Key directions for future research include identifying key
demographic transitions that influence population dynamics, predicting changes in the
community-level impacts of ecologically dominant species, incorporating populations
ability to evolve (adapt), and understanding the scales over which climate will change and
living systems will respond.
Presented by Guillaume Lacombe at the Regional Conference on Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia, on July 12, 2016, at Hilton, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Land use-cover-trends-climate-variability-nexus-in-the-njoro-river-catchmentoircjournals
Anthropogenic activities have consequences on the land use/cover trends in the watershed and subsequently on the hydrological characteristics of rivers through intertwine of climate variability. The interplay between land use changes and climate variability are seen as contributory causes of catchment degradation in Kenya. The land use/cover changes increase impervious ground surfaces, decrease infiltration rate and increase runoff rate thereby affecting the hydrological characteristics of rivers. This study considers the interactions between climate variability and land use/cover changes in the river Njoro catchment in Kenya. The River Njoro drains into the lake Nakuru basin one of the Great Rift Valley Lakes in Kenya. The objectives of the study were: To evaluate the land-use and land cover patterns and changes in Njoro River catchment between 1996 and 2016, analyze the temperature and rainfall variations between 1996 and 2016 and compare the land use/cover changes with the variation in the rainfall and temperature. Landsat images and secondary data on water quality parameters were used in this study. The study showed that there was significant variation in rainfall and temperature trends in the Njoro river catchment and therefore the dynamics of land use/land cover in the river Njoro would be more attributed to anthropogenic activities than climate variability.
Presented by Dr. Shailesh Nayak Key-note Address at Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and Strengthening Science of Climate Resilience, Multi-Stakeholders
Modelling climate change impacts on nutrients and primary production in coast...Marco Pesce
There is high confidence that the anthropogenic increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) is causing modifications in the Earth's climate. Coastal waterbodies such as estuaries, bays and lagoons are among those most affected by the ongoing changes in climate. Being located at the land-sea interface, such waterbodies are subjected to the combined changes in the physical-chemical processes of atmosphere, upstream land and coastal waters. Particularly, climate change is expected to alter phytoplankton communities by changing their environmental drivers (especially climate-related), thus exacerbating the symptoms of eutrophication events, such as hypoxia, harmful algal blooms (HAB) and loss of habitat. A better understanding of the links between climate related drivers and phytoplankton is therefore necessary for projecting climate change impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Here we present the case study of the Zero river basin in Italy, one of the main contributors of freshwater and nutrient to the salt-marsh Palude di Cona, a coastal water body belonging to the lagoon of Venice. To project the impacts of climate change on freshwater inputs, nutrient loadings and their effects on the phytoplankton community of the receiving waterbody, we formulated and applied an integrated modelling approach made of: climate simulations derived by coupling a General Circulation Model (GCM) and a Regional Climate Model (RCM) under alternative emission scenarios, the hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the ecological model AQUATOX. Climate projections point out an increase of precipitations in the winter period and a decrease in the summer months, while temperature shows a significant increase over the whole year. Water discharge and nutrient loads simulated by SWAT show a tendency to increase (decrease) in the winter (summer) period. AQUATOX projects changes in the concentration of nutrients in the salt-marsh Palude di Cona, and variations in the biomass and species of the phytoplankton community.
The largest association of meteorologists and climate scientists issued a fresh statement on the scientific evidence for human-driven climate change and possible impacts. This is an update from the 2007 statement that can be found here: http://www.ametsoc.org/policy/2007climatechange.html
More on climate change on Dot Earth:
http://j.mp/dotBasic http://j.mp/dotBasics
Randy Lehr (Northland College), presented at the Adapting Forested Watersheds to Climate Change Workshop, at The Waters, Minocqua, WI on March 15-16, 2017. The workshop was hosted by the Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS), USDA Climate Hubs, and the Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts (WICCI).
CONTENTS:
1).INTRODUCTION
2).CLIMATE CHANGE
3).ENERGY EMERGENCY
4).WASTED WATER
5).PLASTIC PLIGHT
6).BIODIVERSITY IN A BIND
In this PPT we talk about various factors which would help us in making this world a better place to live and sustain.
impactos del cambio climatico en ecosistemas costerosXin San
Anthropogenically induced global climate change has profound implications for marine
ecosystems and the economic and social systems that depend upon them. The
relationship between temperature and individual performance is reasonably well
understood, and much climate-related research has focused on potential shifts in
distribution and abundance driven directly by temperature. However, recent work has
revealed that both abiotic changes and biological responses in the ocean will be
substantially more complex. For example, changes in ocean chemistry may be more
important than changes in temperature for the performance and survival of many
organisms. Ocean circulation, which drives larval transport, will also change, with
important consequences for population dynamics. Furthermore, climatic impacts on one
or a few leverage species may result in sweeping community-level changes. Finally,
synergistic effects between climate and other anthropogenic variables, particularly fishing
pressure, will likely exacerbate climate-induced changes. Efforts to manage and conserve
living marine systems in the face of climate change will require improvements to the
existing predictive framework. Key directions for future research include identifying key
demographic transitions that influence population dynamics, predicting changes in the
community-level impacts of ecologically dominant species, incorporating populations
ability to evolve (adapt), and understanding the scales over which climate will change and
living systems will respond.
Presented by Guillaume Lacombe at the Regional Conference on Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia, on July 12, 2016, at Hilton, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Land use-cover-trends-climate-variability-nexus-in-the-njoro-river-catchmentoircjournals
Anthropogenic activities have consequences on the land use/cover trends in the watershed and subsequently on the hydrological characteristics of rivers through intertwine of climate variability. The interplay between land use changes and climate variability are seen as contributory causes of catchment degradation in Kenya. The land use/cover changes increase impervious ground surfaces, decrease infiltration rate and increase runoff rate thereby affecting the hydrological characteristics of rivers. This study considers the interactions between climate variability and land use/cover changes in the river Njoro catchment in Kenya. The River Njoro drains into the lake Nakuru basin one of the Great Rift Valley Lakes in Kenya. The objectives of the study were: To evaluate the land-use and land cover patterns and changes in Njoro River catchment between 1996 and 2016, analyze the temperature and rainfall variations between 1996 and 2016 and compare the land use/cover changes with the variation in the rainfall and temperature. Landsat images and secondary data on water quality parameters were used in this study. The study showed that there was significant variation in rainfall and temperature trends in the Njoro river catchment and therefore the dynamics of land use/land cover in the river Njoro would be more attributed to anthropogenic activities than climate variability.
Presented by Dr. Shailesh Nayak Key-note Address at Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and Strengthening Science of Climate Resilience, Multi-Stakeholders
Modelling climate change impacts on nutrients and primary production in coast...Marco Pesce
There is high confidence that the anthropogenic increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) is causing modifications in the Earth's climate. Coastal waterbodies such as estuaries, bays and lagoons are among those most affected by the ongoing changes in climate. Being located at the land-sea interface, such waterbodies are subjected to the combined changes in the physical-chemical processes of atmosphere, upstream land and coastal waters. Particularly, climate change is expected to alter phytoplankton communities by changing their environmental drivers (especially climate-related), thus exacerbating the symptoms of eutrophication events, such as hypoxia, harmful algal blooms (HAB) and loss of habitat. A better understanding of the links between climate related drivers and phytoplankton is therefore necessary for projecting climate change impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Here we present the case study of the Zero river basin in Italy, one of the main contributors of freshwater and nutrient to the salt-marsh Palude di Cona, a coastal water body belonging to the lagoon of Venice. To project the impacts of climate change on freshwater inputs, nutrient loadings and their effects on the phytoplankton community of the receiving waterbody, we formulated and applied an integrated modelling approach made of: climate simulations derived by coupling a General Circulation Model (GCM) and a Regional Climate Model (RCM) under alternative emission scenarios, the hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the ecological model AQUATOX. Climate projections point out an increase of precipitations in the winter period and a decrease in the summer months, while temperature shows a significant increase over the whole year. Water discharge and nutrient loads simulated by SWAT show a tendency to increase (decrease) in the winter (summer) period. AQUATOX projects changes in the concentration of nutrients in the salt-marsh Palude di Cona, and variations in the biomass and species of the phytoplankton community.
The largest association of meteorologists and climate scientists issued a fresh statement on the scientific evidence for human-driven climate change and possible impacts. This is an update from the 2007 statement that can be found here: http://www.ametsoc.org/policy/2007climatechange.html
More on climate change on Dot Earth:
http://j.mp/dotBasic http://j.mp/dotBasics
Randy Lehr (Northland College), presented at the Adapting Forested Watersheds to Climate Change Workshop, at The Waters, Minocqua, WI on March 15-16, 2017. The workshop was hosted by the Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS), USDA Climate Hubs, and the Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts (WICCI).
CONTENTS:
1).INTRODUCTION
2).CLIMATE CHANGE
3).ENERGY EMERGENCY
4).WASTED WATER
5).PLASTIC PLIGHT
6).BIODIVERSITY IN A BIND
In this PPT we talk about various factors which would help us in making this world a better place to live and sustain.
Global warming
What is global warming?
Green house effect
Cause of global warming
Effect of global warming
Ozone layer depletion
Global warming statistics
Projection of global warming
Future prediction
Controlling Global Warming
Another high-quality presentation about climate change in Houston, by the venerable Dr. Ronald L. Sass, Professor Emeritus Rice University. Like most academic treatments of the topics covered, only that known with high certainty is reported. There are far more uncertainties that science has not yet pinned down, but that empirical investigations of the past have shown to be worrisome, potentially catastrophic for coastal civilization within a human lifetime. The reader is left to other sources and to their own developing understanding of the immense complexities of rapid climate feedback interactions to imagine the meaning to Houston of the topic covered by Dr. Sass at the conference. Still, an excellent and authoritative place for Houston to begin!
Running Head CLIMATE CHANGE 1CLIMATE CHANGE 1CLIMAT.docxjoellemurphey
Running Head: CLIMATE CHANGE 1
CLIMATE CHANGE 1
CLIMATE CHANGE
Student’s Name
University Affiliation
Climate Change
So there has been an temperature increase on the Earth b 1 degree Farenheit with the past two centuries. Many oblivious persosn would wonder what the big deal is. The one degree being mentioned may appear negligible, but it is actually an extraordinary event in the planet’s history. The preserved and studied Earth’s climate records indicate that the average global temperature has been stable for long periods of time. Furthermore, slight changes in the temperature result in major alterations in the environment.
According to scientific estimations, the environment as we now know it will not be the same in the next 10 years. We should also not forget that the environment is what we depend on fully, not the other way round. As it is, the initiatives to mitigate climate change should first begin with the actions of each and every one at a personal level. Climate change is no longer considered an emerging concern but a lurking catastrophe. This paper seeks to enlighten the reader on climate change, a Geoscience issue that has been the cause of massive research in its various aspects. The paper gains insight on the topic in the most holistic manner possible.
According to other professionals in the field of geology, climate change has been termed as a significant, progressive and lasting alteration in weather’s statistical patterns, noted for periods that range from a decade to millions of ages. Basically, climate change has the potential of being the change in the weather’s average condition or its distribution. The main means that have been used by scientists in understanding the condition’s plight are theoretical and observational. More recently however, there have been improved methods of scrutinizing the situation, through the use of instrumental recordings. Nonetheless, the universally accepted definition of climate change is; the change in climate system’s statistical properties after being considered for a long period of time, where the causes are not regarded.
As a constituent issue, many are unable to distinguish climate and global warming (Giddens, 2009). However, the fault cannot be entirely placed on them as the two are indeed deeply intertwined. I would therefore use this relationship between the two issues to approach both at once. It is common knowledge that climate change is one of the realest threats that our prosperity faces; this being in accordance to a tenfold of research conducted by numerous scientists. Carbon dioxide is among the pollutant gases that contribute to the deterioration of the ozone layer as well as bringing about the greenhouse effect (McKrecher, 2010). Various anthropogenic activities such as deforestation have also been noted as major causes of the progressively increasing climate change. Having stated that, it becomes clear that climate change comes about due to global ...
Environmental conditions play a key role in defining the function an.pdfanandhomeneeds
Environmental conditions play a key role in defining the function and distribution of plants, in
combination with other factors. Changes in long term environmental conditions that can be
collectively coined climate change are known to have had enormous impacts on plant diversity
patterns in the future and are seen as having significant current impacts. It is predicted that
climate change will remain one of the major drivers of biodiversity patterns in the future.
The Earth has experienced a constantly changing climate in the time since plants first evolved. In
comparison to the present day, this history has seen Earth as cooler, warmer, drier and wetter,
and CO2 (carbon dioxide) concentrations have been both higher and lower. These changes have
been reflected by constantly shifting vegetation, for example forest communities dominating
most areas in interglacial periods, and herbaceous communities dominating during glacial
periods. It has been shown that past climatic change has been a major driver of the processes of
speciation and extinction. The best known example of this is the Carboniferous Rainforest
Collapse which occurred 350 million years ago. This event decimated amphibian populations
and spurred on the evolution of reptiles
Greenhouse effect - the mechanism
The sun radiates solar energy on earth. The larger part of this energy (45%) is radiated back into
space. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere contribute to global warming by adsorption and
reflection of atmospheric and solar energy. This natural phenomenon is what we call the
greenhouse effect. It is agreed that the greenhouse effect is correlated with global temperature
change. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are water vapor, carbon
dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone
Mechanism of global warming:
i. The incoming radiation from the Sun is mostly in the form of visible light and nearby
wavelengths, largely in the range 0.2 – 4 1m, corresponding to the Sun’s radioactive temperature
of 6,000 K. Almost half the radiation is in the form of “visible” light, which our eyes are adapted
to use.
ii. About 50% of the Sun’s energy is absorbed at the earth’s surface and the rest is reflected or
absorbed by the atmosphere. The reflection of light back into space – largely by clouds – does
not much affect the basic mechanism; this light, effectively, is lost to the system.
iii (a) Earth absorbs most of the sunlight it receives; The absorbed energy warms the surface; (b)
Earth then emits the absorbed light’s energy as infrared light; (c) greenhouse gases absorb a lot
of the infrared light before it can leave our atmosphere; (d) being absorbed slows the rate at
which energy escapes to space; and (e) the slower passage of energy heats up the atmosphere,
water, and ground. By increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, humans are
increasing the atmosphere’s absorption of infrared light, thereby warming Earth and disrupting
global climate patterns.
Effec.
Vivid description about climate change
A NASA database based presentation.
Geoengineering, solar , Mitigation and Adaption
a social cause , vital signs of planet
brief intoduction
www.climate.nasa.gov
Bright
Dark
Blues
Grays
Night
Assignment 2The Global Environment: An Emerging World View (cont.)
Reading Assignment:
Read Article 5, A safe operating space for humanity by Johan Rockstrom et al. on pages 36-41 in your textbook.
Overview:
This lesson will illustrate understanding of how locally-based activities influence global phenomena as climate change. You will also observe that in a time of disappointing progress is occurring in global initiatives to curb greenhouse gas emissions, one of the most promising paths might be a localized action.
The authors identified planetary boundaries that must not be crossed in order to avoid significant environmental degradation.
Of the 10 factors considered, 3 of them--biodiversity loss, climate change,and agricultural pollution--have already crossed the threshold for a sustainable planet.
Evidence so far suggests that, as long as the thresholds are not crossed, humanity has the freedom to pursue long-term social and economic development.
Topics Covered:Planetary BoundariesClimate ChangeRate of Biodiversity LossNitrogen and Phosphorus CyclesDelicate Balance
Key Terms:
Planetary Boundaries -- boundaries that define the safe operating space for humanity with respect to the Earth system and are associated with the planet’s biophysical subsystems or processes.
Holocene -- the unusually stable environment of the planet for the past 10,000 years, which has seen human civilizations arise, develop, and thrive.
Anthropecene -- an era that has arisen since the Industrial Revolution, in which human actions become the main driver of global environmental change.
EPA -- Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov) for more information.
Greenhouse Gas (GHG)-- an atmospheric gas such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, or methane that easily absorbs infrared radiation & gives off heat, some of it directed toward space & the rest toward Earth.
Carbon Cycle -- the cycle of CO2 in the Earth‘s ecosystem; photosynthetic organisms transform the gas into organic nutrients, which are then restored to a gaseous state by respiration & decay. Instructor's Comments:
Fact 1: Currently, atmospheric CO2 concentration is 31% higher than in 1750, a level that has not been exceeded during the last 420,000 years.
Fact 2: The primary cause is human activity, particularly fossil fuel use & deforestation leading to further increases in CO2.
As we have seen a similar trend in the previous lesson, the following graph illustrates the CO2 concentration (dashes) and the global surface Ts (solid line)
Fact 3: Burning fossil fuels in power plats and automobiles ejects poisonous particles & gases that alter the chemical structure of the Atmosphere.
Fact 4: Worldwide CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) reached a record 30.6 Billion metric tons in 2010 that economists and scientist call this as “a wake-up call”. (Source: Int.
Climate change; its effects on pakistanShahid Khan
The climate system is a complex, interactive system consisting of the atmosphere, land surface, snow and ice, oceans and other bodies of water, and living things.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
different Modes of Insect Plant InteractionArchita Das
different modes of interaction between insects and plants including mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, Pairwise and diffuse coevolution, Plant defenses, how coevolution started
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.