This document discusses the risks of continuing economic growth within planetary boundaries and finite resources. It argues that the current economic system is unsustainable and a new paradigm is needed that incorporates environmental and social costs. Specific problems highlighted include climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and resource constraints like peak oil. The document calls for reforms in many areas including economic indicators, business models, finance, policy frameworks and education to enable a transition to a sustainable society within planetary boundaries.
1) The document discusses the concept of "planetary boundaries" which aims to define a "safe operating space for humanity" by establishing quantitative boundaries for nine critical Earth system processes.
2) It proposes specific boundary levels for seven of these processes: climate change, ocean acidification, ozone depletion, biogeochemical flows of nitrogen and phosphorus, land use change, freshwater use, and biodiversity loss.
3) The boundaries are meant to avoid crossing critical global thresholds beyond which Earth system processes could be irreversibly altered at the planetary scale, significantly reducing the resilience of the biosphere.
This document proposes a new framework called "planetary boundaries" to define a safe operating space for humanity to avoid dangerous global environmental change. It identifies nine key Earth system processes and attempts to quantify boundary levels for seven of them, beyond which risks crossing thresholds into uncontrollable change. The boundaries are climate change, ocean acidification, stratospheric ozone depletion, interference with biogeochemical nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, global freshwater use, land system change, and rate of biodiversity loss. The paper argues humanity has already exceeded boundaries for climate change, biodiversity loss and nitrogen cycle. Crossing boundaries increases risks and impacts, and boundaries are interconnected, so exceeding one could impact others.
The document summarizes climate change impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and global food supply. It discusses how climate change threatens 15-37% of species with extinction by 2100 through impacts like increased temperatures and altered hydrologic cycles. These changes to ecosystems in turn impact services like water availability and wildfire regimes. Regarding food, the document notes climate change could lead to crop failures in Africa and other regions, exacerbating issues of land and resource pressures to support a growing population. Adaptation will be needed to ensure a sustainable global food supply.
The document summarizes key findings from the Third Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World, which convened over 500 experts. The main points are:
1) Ocean acidification is increasing at an unprecedented rate due to human CO2 emissions and is affecting ecosystems and biodiversity. It has the potential to impact food security and limit the ocean's ability to absorb more CO2.
2) Research shows adverse effects on some organisms' ability to form shells and skeletons as well as reduced survival, growth, and reproduction. However, some organisms can tolerate or benefit from acidification.
3) If emissions continue high, large parts of the polar oceans will become corrosive by decades
the Great acceleration de International Geosphere-Biosphere ProgrammeLiliane Arnaud Soubie
The document discusses the "Great Acceleration" which refers to the rapid increase in human impacts on Earth systems since 1950. It provides data on increasing trends from 1950 onwards for factors such as population, GDP, water use, fertilizer consumption, motor vehicles, tourism, shrimp farming, and land use. These human activities have accelerated the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and increased impacts such as loss of forests, more extreme weather events, overfishing, nitrogen pollution, and loss of biodiversity. The document is a synthesis of these trends from multiple scientific sources.
The document discusses climate change and what can be learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. It begins with an overview of sustainable development goals and climate change topics like causes, impacts, and projections. It then explains how the pandemic demonstrates humanity's ability to make significant changes and that recovery efforts should focus on transitioning to renewable energy and more sustainable practices. Individual actions like reducing consumption and advocacy are important contributions to addressing climate change.
The document discusses planetary boundaries, which are nine Earth system processes identified as being critical for human survival. Exceeding the proposed boundaries for these processes risks severe environmental change. The boundaries discussed include climate change, ocean acidification, biodiversity loss, land use change, freshwater use, and biogeochemical flows of nitrogen and phosphorus. Crossing the proposed quantitative boundaries for some of these processes, like climate change and land use, risks triggering abrupt environmental shifts. The document argues that human activity has become the dominant driver of environmental change and that exceeding planetary boundaries endangers Earth's life support systems.
1) The document discusses the concept of "planetary boundaries" which aims to define a "safe operating space for humanity" by establishing quantitative boundaries for nine critical Earth system processes.
2) It proposes specific boundary levels for seven of these processes: climate change, ocean acidification, ozone depletion, biogeochemical flows of nitrogen and phosphorus, land use change, freshwater use, and biodiversity loss.
3) The boundaries are meant to avoid crossing critical global thresholds beyond which Earth system processes could be irreversibly altered at the planetary scale, significantly reducing the resilience of the biosphere.
This document proposes a new framework called "planetary boundaries" to define a safe operating space for humanity to avoid dangerous global environmental change. It identifies nine key Earth system processes and attempts to quantify boundary levels for seven of them, beyond which risks crossing thresholds into uncontrollable change. The boundaries are climate change, ocean acidification, stratospheric ozone depletion, interference with biogeochemical nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, global freshwater use, land system change, and rate of biodiversity loss. The paper argues humanity has already exceeded boundaries for climate change, biodiversity loss and nitrogen cycle. Crossing boundaries increases risks and impacts, and boundaries are interconnected, so exceeding one could impact others.
The document summarizes climate change impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and global food supply. It discusses how climate change threatens 15-37% of species with extinction by 2100 through impacts like increased temperatures and altered hydrologic cycles. These changes to ecosystems in turn impact services like water availability and wildfire regimes. Regarding food, the document notes climate change could lead to crop failures in Africa and other regions, exacerbating issues of land and resource pressures to support a growing population. Adaptation will be needed to ensure a sustainable global food supply.
The document summarizes key findings from the Third Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World, which convened over 500 experts. The main points are:
1) Ocean acidification is increasing at an unprecedented rate due to human CO2 emissions and is affecting ecosystems and biodiversity. It has the potential to impact food security and limit the ocean's ability to absorb more CO2.
2) Research shows adverse effects on some organisms' ability to form shells and skeletons as well as reduced survival, growth, and reproduction. However, some organisms can tolerate or benefit from acidification.
3) If emissions continue high, large parts of the polar oceans will become corrosive by decades
the Great acceleration de International Geosphere-Biosphere ProgrammeLiliane Arnaud Soubie
The document discusses the "Great Acceleration" which refers to the rapid increase in human impacts on Earth systems since 1950. It provides data on increasing trends from 1950 onwards for factors such as population, GDP, water use, fertilizer consumption, motor vehicles, tourism, shrimp farming, and land use. These human activities have accelerated the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and increased impacts such as loss of forests, more extreme weather events, overfishing, nitrogen pollution, and loss of biodiversity. The document is a synthesis of these trends from multiple scientific sources.
The document discusses climate change and what can be learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. It begins with an overview of sustainable development goals and climate change topics like causes, impacts, and projections. It then explains how the pandemic demonstrates humanity's ability to make significant changes and that recovery efforts should focus on transitioning to renewable energy and more sustainable practices. Individual actions like reducing consumption and advocacy are important contributions to addressing climate change.
The document discusses planetary boundaries, which are nine Earth system processes identified as being critical for human survival. Exceeding the proposed boundaries for these processes risks severe environmental change. The boundaries discussed include climate change, ocean acidification, biodiversity loss, land use change, freshwater use, and biogeochemical flows of nitrogen and phosphorus. Crossing the proposed quantitative boundaries for some of these processes, like climate change and land use, risks triggering abrupt environmental shifts. The document argues that human activity has become the dominant driver of environmental change and that exceeding planetary boundaries endangers Earth's life support systems.
Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Slides are all about summary of Johan Rockström et al., which basically talks about the nine planetary boundaries defined by author globally and explains about the control variables, thresholds, and where we as a Human stand right now with respect to both social boundaries and planetary boundaries.
Impact of Climate Change on AgricultureDevegowda S R
Climate change is causing rising global temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns. This is impacting agriculture in India in several ways:
1) Cereal production is projected to decrease by 10-40% by 2100 due to rising temperatures, with wheat production decreasing by 4-5 million tons for every 1C rise in temperature.
2) Increased droughts and floods will make agricultural production more variable from year to year.
3) Rising sea levels could cause loss of land for agriculture and flooding in coastal areas.
There are 9 planetary boundaries related to climate change, ocean acidification, chemical pollution, nitrogen and phosphorus loading, freshwater withdrawals, land conversion, biodiversity loss, air pollution and ozone layer depletion. Exceeding these boundaries risks irreversible environmental changes. Currently, the boundaries for climate change and biosphere integrity related to biodiversity loss have already been exceeded due to human activities like burning fossil fuels, large scale agriculture and deforestation. Urgent global cooperation is needed to transition systems and policies to prioritize environmental sustainability over unlimited economic growth to avoid catastrophic consequences.
This document discusses the vulnerability of India's coastal zones to climate change. It notes that coastal zones are important regions for India, containing major cities and over a third of the population, but are vulnerable to sea level rise, cyclones, and changes in temperature and precipitation from climate change. Vulnerability is defined as the degree to which a system is impacted by or resilient to climate hazards, and is determined by exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The document outlines how these factors contribute to India's coastal vulnerability and the socioeconomic impacts the country may face, such as slowed economic growth and increased food insecurity.
Climate change is caused by human use of fossil fuels which releases greenhouse gases. Adaptation strategies anticipate and minimize harm from climate change impacts. Examples include using water resources efficiently, adapting infrastructure to weather extremes, and developing drought-resistant crops. Ecosystem-based adaptation protects natural defenses like mangroves and wetlands to reduce flooding and erosion. Prioritizing vulnerable communities and integrating adaptation into development strategies can increase resilience to climate change.
CONTENTS:
1).INTRODUCTION
2).CLIMATE CHANGE
3).ENERGY EMERGENCY
4).WASTED WATER
5).PLASTIC PLIGHT
6).BIODIVERSITY IN A BIND
In this PPT we talk about various factors which would help us in making this world a better place to live and sustain.
Climate change ,adaptation and mitigation in fisheriesSWAGATIKA SAHOO
The document discusses climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. It notes that climate change affects these industries through ocean acidification, changes in sea temperatures and currents, and more extreme weather events. These changes impact fish populations and habitats, causing shifts in distribution and productivity. They also affect fishing and aquaculture operations through changes in costs, productivity and safety. The impacts vary regionally, with tropical areas expected to see larger declines in fish catch potential than temperate regions. Adaptation strategies are needed to help these industries adjust to the changes.
Climate change is already causing impacts such as rising global temperatures, sea level rise, and more extreme weather events. Many models predict these changes will intensify in the coming decades and severely impact natural systems and human communities through increased wildfires, shifting agricultural patterns, and displacement from rising seas. Understanding past climate shifts and carefully planning adaptation and mitigation can help minimize harm from the ongoing and inevitable impacts of climate change.
IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON AQUATIC FLORA AND FAUNAMahendra Pal
A rise in temperature as small as 1° C could have important and rapid effects on the geographical distributions and mortality of some organisms. The more mobile species should be able to adjust their ranges over time, but less mobile and sedentary species may not.There are many factors that can cause a warming of our climate; for example, more energy from the sun, large natural events such as El Nino or an increased greenhouse effect. Rising temperatures can directly affect the metabolism, life cycle, and behaviour of marine species. For many species, temperature serves as a cue for reproduction. Clearly, changes in sea temperature could affect their successful breeding. The number of male and female offspring is determined by temperature for marine turtles, as well as some fish and copepods (tiny shrimp-like animals on which many other marine animals feed). Changing climate could therefore skew sex ratios and threaten population survival.
This document provides a scientific outcome from a workshop on biodiversity and climate change co-sponsored by IPBES and IPCC. It contains 7 sections that discuss the interdependence of climate and biodiversity, how they are connected to human futures, and how addressing their decline can support good quality of life. The key points are:
1) Climate and biodiversity are inextricably linked - each influences the other and stable climate and biodiversity are foundations for human well-being.
2) Human activities like land use change and fossil fuel use have altered climate and caused biodiversity loss, compromising quality of life.
3) Strategies to conserve biodiversity must consider climate impacts and vice versa to
Climate change has caused mass extinctions in the past. The document discusses 5 major extinction events throughout history that were linked to changes in climate, including temperature rise and carbon/methane levels. These extinctions eliminated 60-96% of species. Today, human activity like CO2 emissions may be driving a 6th mass extinction as amphibian, fish, and forest populations decline rapidly due to warming temperatures, pollution, and habitat loss. If trends continue, we could face a new extinction on par with past mass extinction events.
CLIMATE CHANGE
DEFINATION
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
HUMAN CAUSES
NATURAL CAUSES
EFFECTS
BRIEF OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPORTANCE
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on Houston, Texas and outlines several adaptation strategies. It notes that sea level rise from melting ice caps could submerge much of the Houston area by 2100. Adaptation strategies proposed include restricting new development and infrastructure to areas above 110 feet in elevation, transitioning coastal areas to wetlands, and moving to renewable energy sources and public transportation.
Another high-quality presentation about climate change in Houston, by the venerable Dr. Ronald L. Sass, Professor Emeritus Rice University. Like most academic treatments of the topics covered, only that known with high certainty is reported. There are far more uncertainties that science has not yet pinned down, but that empirical investigations of the past have shown to be worrisome, potentially catastrophic for coastal civilization within a human lifetime. The reader is left to other sources and to their own developing understanding of the immense complexities of rapid climate feedback interactions to imagine the meaning to Houston of the topic covered by Dr. Sass at the conference. Still, an excellent and authoritative place for Houston to begin!
Geo-engineering involves deliberate large-scale modification of Earth's environment to address climate change through two main approaches: temperature management by blocking sunlight, and carbon management by removing carbon from the atmosphere. Some proposed geo-engineering techniques include injecting sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight similarly to large volcanic eruptions, lofting seawater to increase cloud cover, launching reflective disks into space, and depositing captured carbon dioxide underground. While geo-engineering could potentially provide quick cooling effects, it raises issues regarding unintended consequences, global governance, and does not address the root causes of increasing carbon dioxide levels.
This document discusses geoengineering approaches to climate change, including both inadvertent and advertent modification of the climate. It presents three perspectives on the relationship between society and climate - that society dominates climate, is subordinate to climate, or can be in harmony with climate. It then summarizes various geoengineering schemes proposed to stop global warming, such as carbon sequestration and ocean iron fertilization. The document stresses that climate change impacts are systemic and challenges health, agriculture, forests, water resources, coastal areas, species and cultures. It argues that humans can plan ahead to anticipate climate impacts, unlike wildlife which can only react.
Weather and climate have both short-term and long-term impacts on livestock development and management. This talk will focus on longer-term trends in climate and drought over time across the United States and the impacts of changes in these factors on animal agriculture. We will start by examining the trends in temperature and precipitation that have occurred over different regions of the US over the past century and how they have varied from one area to another. Then we will look at how future climate is predicted and problems in making useful predictions. We will follow that by looking at some of the most reliable predictions of future climate and discuss the potential impacts on livestock health, forage and feed supply, and farm management practices and the importance of resilience in farm practices. We will conclude by identifying both the challenges and the opportunities for future livestock producers in a changing climate.
http://www.extension.org/pages/67615/impacts-of-a-changing-cimate-on-animal-agriculture
The document provides a review for an APES Unit 2 test, covering topics like the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles, photosynthesis, population growth, ecological succession, and species interactions like mutualism, competition, and predation. Bellringer questions are presented on key concepts, and notes are provided explaining processes like keystone species, limiting factors, and natural and anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to climate change, including:
- The introduction outlines the main sections to be covered: causes of climate change, impacts, mitigation and adaptation strategies, and public policy approaches.
- Subsequent sections discuss mechanisms of climate change like the greenhouse effect and carbon cycle, predicted impacts such as rising temperatures, sea level rise, and effects on biodiversity.
- Mitigation strategies addressed include reducing emissions in sectors like transportation, industry, and energy through renewable alternatives and reforestation. Adaptation approaches aim to adjust natural and human systems to climate impacts.
- Global public policy challenges are also reviewed, including the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and issues
The document discusses global warming and its causes, evidence, and potential impacts. It also outlines strategies to mitigate and adapt to global warming effects, including the Kyoto Protocol which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Key technologies discussed are carbon capture and storage from large industrial sources, with geological storage seen as a promising option to help address the global challenge of climate change.
Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Slides are all about summary of Johan Rockström et al., which basically talks about the nine planetary boundaries defined by author globally and explains about the control variables, thresholds, and where we as a Human stand right now with respect to both social boundaries and planetary boundaries.
Impact of Climate Change on AgricultureDevegowda S R
Climate change is causing rising global temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns. This is impacting agriculture in India in several ways:
1) Cereal production is projected to decrease by 10-40% by 2100 due to rising temperatures, with wheat production decreasing by 4-5 million tons for every 1C rise in temperature.
2) Increased droughts and floods will make agricultural production more variable from year to year.
3) Rising sea levels could cause loss of land for agriculture and flooding in coastal areas.
There are 9 planetary boundaries related to climate change, ocean acidification, chemical pollution, nitrogen and phosphorus loading, freshwater withdrawals, land conversion, biodiversity loss, air pollution and ozone layer depletion. Exceeding these boundaries risks irreversible environmental changes. Currently, the boundaries for climate change and biosphere integrity related to biodiversity loss have already been exceeded due to human activities like burning fossil fuels, large scale agriculture and deforestation. Urgent global cooperation is needed to transition systems and policies to prioritize environmental sustainability over unlimited economic growth to avoid catastrophic consequences.
This document discusses the vulnerability of India's coastal zones to climate change. It notes that coastal zones are important regions for India, containing major cities and over a third of the population, but are vulnerable to sea level rise, cyclones, and changes in temperature and precipitation from climate change. Vulnerability is defined as the degree to which a system is impacted by or resilient to climate hazards, and is determined by exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The document outlines how these factors contribute to India's coastal vulnerability and the socioeconomic impacts the country may face, such as slowed economic growth and increased food insecurity.
Climate change is caused by human use of fossil fuels which releases greenhouse gases. Adaptation strategies anticipate and minimize harm from climate change impacts. Examples include using water resources efficiently, adapting infrastructure to weather extremes, and developing drought-resistant crops. Ecosystem-based adaptation protects natural defenses like mangroves and wetlands to reduce flooding and erosion. Prioritizing vulnerable communities and integrating adaptation into development strategies can increase resilience to climate change.
CONTENTS:
1).INTRODUCTION
2).CLIMATE CHANGE
3).ENERGY EMERGENCY
4).WASTED WATER
5).PLASTIC PLIGHT
6).BIODIVERSITY IN A BIND
In this PPT we talk about various factors which would help us in making this world a better place to live and sustain.
Climate change ,adaptation and mitigation in fisheriesSWAGATIKA SAHOO
The document discusses climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. It notes that climate change affects these industries through ocean acidification, changes in sea temperatures and currents, and more extreme weather events. These changes impact fish populations and habitats, causing shifts in distribution and productivity. They also affect fishing and aquaculture operations through changes in costs, productivity and safety. The impacts vary regionally, with tropical areas expected to see larger declines in fish catch potential than temperate regions. Adaptation strategies are needed to help these industries adjust to the changes.
Climate change is already causing impacts such as rising global temperatures, sea level rise, and more extreme weather events. Many models predict these changes will intensify in the coming decades and severely impact natural systems and human communities through increased wildfires, shifting agricultural patterns, and displacement from rising seas. Understanding past climate shifts and carefully planning adaptation and mitigation can help minimize harm from the ongoing and inevitable impacts of climate change.
IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON AQUATIC FLORA AND FAUNAMahendra Pal
A rise in temperature as small as 1° C could have important and rapid effects on the geographical distributions and mortality of some organisms. The more mobile species should be able to adjust their ranges over time, but less mobile and sedentary species may not.There are many factors that can cause a warming of our climate; for example, more energy from the sun, large natural events such as El Nino or an increased greenhouse effect. Rising temperatures can directly affect the metabolism, life cycle, and behaviour of marine species. For many species, temperature serves as a cue for reproduction. Clearly, changes in sea temperature could affect their successful breeding. The number of male and female offspring is determined by temperature for marine turtles, as well as some fish and copepods (tiny shrimp-like animals on which many other marine animals feed). Changing climate could therefore skew sex ratios and threaten population survival.
This document provides a scientific outcome from a workshop on biodiversity and climate change co-sponsored by IPBES and IPCC. It contains 7 sections that discuss the interdependence of climate and biodiversity, how they are connected to human futures, and how addressing their decline can support good quality of life. The key points are:
1) Climate and biodiversity are inextricably linked - each influences the other and stable climate and biodiversity are foundations for human well-being.
2) Human activities like land use change and fossil fuel use have altered climate and caused biodiversity loss, compromising quality of life.
3) Strategies to conserve biodiversity must consider climate impacts and vice versa to
Climate change has caused mass extinctions in the past. The document discusses 5 major extinction events throughout history that were linked to changes in climate, including temperature rise and carbon/methane levels. These extinctions eliminated 60-96% of species. Today, human activity like CO2 emissions may be driving a 6th mass extinction as amphibian, fish, and forest populations decline rapidly due to warming temperatures, pollution, and habitat loss. If trends continue, we could face a new extinction on par with past mass extinction events.
CLIMATE CHANGE
DEFINATION
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
HUMAN CAUSES
NATURAL CAUSES
EFFECTS
BRIEF OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPORTANCE
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on Houston, Texas and outlines several adaptation strategies. It notes that sea level rise from melting ice caps could submerge much of the Houston area by 2100. Adaptation strategies proposed include restricting new development and infrastructure to areas above 110 feet in elevation, transitioning coastal areas to wetlands, and moving to renewable energy sources and public transportation.
Another high-quality presentation about climate change in Houston, by the venerable Dr. Ronald L. Sass, Professor Emeritus Rice University. Like most academic treatments of the topics covered, only that known with high certainty is reported. There are far more uncertainties that science has not yet pinned down, but that empirical investigations of the past have shown to be worrisome, potentially catastrophic for coastal civilization within a human lifetime. The reader is left to other sources and to their own developing understanding of the immense complexities of rapid climate feedback interactions to imagine the meaning to Houston of the topic covered by Dr. Sass at the conference. Still, an excellent and authoritative place for Houston to begin!
Geo-engineering involves deliberate large-scale modification of Earth's environment to address climate change through two main approaches: temperature management by blocking sunlight, and carbon management by removing carbon from the atmosphere. Some proposed geo-engineering techniques include injecting sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight similarly to large volcanic eruptions, lofting seawater to increase cloud cover, launching reflective disks into space, and depositing captured carbon dioxide underground. While geo-engineering could potentially provide quick cooling effects, it raises issues regarding unintended consequences, global governance, and does not address the root causes of increasing carbon dioxide levels.
This document discusses geoengineering approaches to climate change, including both inadvertent and advertent modification of the climate. It presents three perspectives on the relationship between society and climate - that society dominates climate, is subordinate to climate, or can be in harmony with climate. It then summarizes various geoengineering schemes proposed to stop global warming, such as carbon sequestration and ocean iron fertilization. The document stresses that climate change impacts are systemic and challenges health, agriculture, forests, water resources, coastal areas, species and cultures. It argues that humans can plan ahead to anticipate climate impacts, unlike wildlife which can only react.
Weather and climate have both short-term and long-term impacts on livestock development and management. This talk will focus on longer-term trends in climate and drought over time across the United States and the impacts of changes in these factors on animal agriculture. We will start by examining the trends in temperature and precipitation that have occurred over different regions of the US over the past century and how they have varied from one area to another. Then we will look at how future climate is predicted and problems in making useful predictions. We will follow that by looking at some of the most reliable predictions of future climate and discuss the potential impacts on livestock health, forage and feed supply, and farm management practices and the importance of resilience in farm practices. We will conclude by identifying both the challenges and the opportunities for future livestock producers in a changing climate.
http://www.extension.org/pages/67615/impacts-of-a-changing-cimate-on-animal-agriculture
The document provides a review for an APES Unit 2 test, covering topics like the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles, photosynthesis, population growth, ecological succession, and species interactions like mutualism, competition, and predation. Bellringer questions are presented on key concepts, and notes are provided explaining processes like keystone species, limiting factors, and natural and anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to climate change, including:
- The introduction outlines the main sections to be covered: causes of climate change, impacts, mitigation and adaptation strategies, and public policy approaches.
- Subsequent sections discuss mechanisms of climate change like the greenhouse effect and carbon cycle, predicted impacts such as rising temperatures, sea level rise, and effects on biodiversity.
- Mitigation strategies addressed include reducing emissions in sectors like transportation, industry, and energy through renewable alternatives and reforestation. Adaptation approaches aim to adjust natural and human systems to climate impacts.
- Global public policy challenges are also reviewed, including the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and issues
The document discusses global warming and its causes, evidence, and potential impacts. It also outlines strategies to mitigate and adapt to global warming effects, including the Kyoto Protocol which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Key technologies discussed are carbon capture and storage from large industrial sources, with geological storage seen as a promising option to help address the global challenge of climate change.
The document discusses challenges and opportunities for renewable energy in developing nations in the context of climate change. It outlines how developing nations face significant impacts from climate change but have limited ability to mitigate impacts or transition to renewable energy due to financial and technical constraints. However, renewable energy represents an opportunity for inclusive sustainable growth. The document discusses policy, technological, financial, and management issues developing nations face in promoting renewable energy projects and calls for international support to address these challenges.
Discussions about Climate Change, Impacts and VulnerabilityACX
This document discusses climate change impacts and vulnerabilities in Africa according to discussions by Prof. Richard Odingo from the University of Nairobi. It summarizes that Africa is highly vulnerable to climate change due to factors like poverty, weak institutions, and lack of resources. The IPCC has found evidence that climate change is occurring and will worsen impacts like more frequent droughts and floods in Africa. This poses serious risks to African economies, health, coastlines, and future development prospects if no action is taken.
The document provides an overview of a university course on climate change policy, science, and international dimensions. It includes 3 sections: 1) an overview of climate change policy and international dimensions, 2) a presentation on the scientific evidence for climate change, and 3) renewable energy case studies. The course covers the basics of climate change causes and impacts, examines climate science as a paradigm shift involving complexity and uncertainty, and traces the political evolution of climate change policy through frameworks like the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol.
This document discusses climate change science and ethical implications. It provides an overview of climate change observations and predictions, including increasing global temperatures and greenhouse gas levels. Projections include further warming, sea level rise, and more extreme weather events by 2100. Ethical issues discussed are responsibility for emissions and impacts, with developing nations most vulnerable despite contributing least to the problem. The document summarizes the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments and Kyoto Protocol. U.S. policy rejects mandatory emissions limits unlike the Kyoto approach.
Climate change discussion and various scientific viewpoints weave a matrix of knowledge in an incredibly complex global environment. Carbon dioxide sequestration is part of the matrix of environmental solutions that will accelerate our ability to develop and deploy green renewable energy.
Global climate change and us environmental law power point presentation fi...Sam Bleicher
This document outlines a presentation on global climate change and US environmental law. It discusses the effects of climate change like rising sea levels and more extreme weather. It then explains the causes, like increasing greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels. Major sources of emissions are identified as China, the US, and the EU. The cumulative nature of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is also summarized.
This document summarizes a presentation on climate change and health effects. It discusses the causes of global warming including greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. It outlines several health impacts of climate change such as changing disease patterns, food and water insecurity, extreme weather events, and effects on human settlements. It also discusses adaptation and mitigation strategies to address health risks, including strengthening health systems and surveillance, improving infrastructure, and transitioning to more sustainable energy sources. The presentation emphasizes the need for cross-sectoral approaches and accounting for health in climate change planning.
This document summarizes a presentation on climate change and health effects. It discusses the causes of global warming including greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. It outlines several health impacts of climate change such as changing disease patterns, food and water insecurity, effects of extreme weather events, and health risks from adaptation and mitigation activities. It emphasizes that climate change exacerbates existing health inequities. The document recommends both continuing existing public health measures but also implementing new strategies to better adapt to climate change health risks.
1. Climate change refers to substantial changes in weather patterns due to human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
2. The earth has warmed over 0.5°C in the last century and models predict further warming of 1.8-4.0°C by 2100, with rising sea levels and more extreme weather.
3. Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are the main causes of increasing greenhouse gas emissions like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
This document provides an overview of renewable energy and climate change. It defines renewable energy as energy from natural resources that replenish, such as biomass, solar, wind, geothermal and hydro resources. In contrast, non-renewable energy comes from finite fossil fuels. Global warming is caused by increased greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels. If not addressed, climate change could lead to rising sea levels and more extreme weather events that threaten lives and ecosystems. The document discusses international efforts to reduce emissions through agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and carbon trading programs. Renewable energy is presented as part of the solution to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.
This document provides an overview of climate change by discussing:
1. The correlation between CO2 levels and global temperatures over hundreds of thousands of years.
2. How human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased CO2 levels rapidly since the industrial era.
3. The likely effects of increased CO2 and temperatures, such as ocean acidification, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather.
4. International agreements to limit greenhouse gas emissions and actions being taken like carbon taxes and emissions trading schemes.
5. The opportunities to transition to renewable energy but also the political threats if countries do not cooperate to meaningfully address climate change.
Climate Change: Current Status, Impacts and Solutions by Mario MolinaWILD Foundation
Dr. Mario Molina, Nobel Laureate and Foundation of the Mario Molina Center, presented in the Friday (6 November) WILD9 Plenary on "Climate Change, Energy and Wilderness," specifically speaking on 'Climate Change: The Current Status, Potential Impacts and What we can do."
This document provides an overview of a microbial genomics course project involving bacterial isolates from a long-term soil warming experiment. The project aims to sequence genomes of isolates collected from control and warmed soil plots over the course of the experiment to investigate evidence of microbial adaptation to warming at the genomic level. Isolates representing different time points in the experiment may allow insights into evolutionary responses to warming over time. The document outlines the workflow for building a culture collection from the soil samples and selecting isolates for genome sequencing based on phylogenetic and physiological analyses.
Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. This is a type of greenhouse effect.
Nobel Laureate Mario Molina spoke about the impact of energy on climate change at the Joint Public Advisory Committee's public forum on Greening North America's Energy Economy in Calgary on 24 April 2013. More at: http://cec.org/jpacenergy
This document discusses the issue of global warming and greenhouse gases. It covers the greenhouse effect, the largest contributors to greenhouse gases, and human sources. It then discusses the potential effects of global warming such as shifting biomes and crop areas, changing weather patterns and coastal flooding, and changing disease distributions. It also covers feedback systems and data from ice cores. The Kyoto Protocol and other pollution management strategies like carbon taxes and trading are examined. Arguments around global warming and misconceptions are also presented.
Similar to Johan rockström och Anders Wijkman - Bankrupting nature 2013 (20)
This document announces the winners of the 2024 Youth Poster Contest organized by MATFORCE. It lists the grand prize and age category winners for grades K-6, 7-12, and individual age groups from 5 years old to 18 years old.
The cherry: beauty, softness, its heart-shaped plastic has inspired artists since Antiquity. Cherries and strawberries were considered the fruits of paradise and thus represented the souls of men.
This tutorial offers a step-by-step guide on how to effectively use Pinterest. It covers the basics such as account creation and navigation, as well as advanced techniques including creating eye-catching pins and optimizing your profile. The tutorial also explores collaboration and networking on the platform. With visual illustrations and clear instructions, this tutorial will equip you with the skills to navigate Pinterest confidently and achieve your goals.
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Johan rockström och Anders Wijkman - Bankrupting nature 2013
1. Bankrupting Nature
Global risks and pathways to
global sustainability
Anders Wijkman and Johan Rockström
Gothenburg 20th February 2013 1
2. Motivet för ”Den stora förnekelsen”
och ”Bankrupting Nature”
• Växande gap mellan den traditionella
ekonomin och Naturen
• Växande gap mellan Finansmarknaden och
den reella ekonomin
• Dagens system – med konventionell tillväxt
och konsumtion som ökar - är inte hållbart
• Men det finns andra – och mer hållbara - sätt
att organisera ekonomin
3. Vi lånar av framtiden
• Skulderna i relation till BNP inom OECD gått från 160 %
1980 till över 320 % idag. Som ett KORTHUS – inte hållbart
• Nya finansbubblor att vänta – och samhället får ta stöten
• Vi lånar av naturen. Miljö- och resursutrymmet krymper:
- Klimatförändringen
- 2/3 av viktigaste ekosystemen överutnyttjas
- Planetens Gränsvillkor
- ”Peak oil”, ”Peak fosfor”, ”Peak rare earths”
• Därtill kommer den sociala utmaningen: inkomstskillnader
+ arbetslöshet
• Digitaliseringen av samhället påverkar alla sektorer – och
många jobb försvinner medan färre nyskapas
• Kan dagens kapitalism klara övergången till en hållbar
ekonomi? En alternativ modell behövs – men hur ser den ut?
6. Humanity has reached a planetary
saturation point
The Human ability to do has vastly
outstripped our ability to
understand
A resilient biosphere the basis for
humen development
Fierce urgency of now
A great transformation to global
sustainability necessary, possible,
and desirable
Johan Rockström and Carl
2013-02-22 Folke, Stockholm Resilience
Centre
7.
8. Kummu, Ward, de Moel, Varis 2010 Environmental Research Letters
9. Atmospheric CO2 concentration
Etheridge et al. Geophys Res 101: 4115-4128
IGBP synthesis: Global Change and the Earth System, Steffen et al 2004
10. Northern hemisphere average surface
temperature
Mann et al Geophys Res Lett 26(6): 759-762
IGBP synthesis: Global Change and the Earth System, Steffen et al 2004
11. Atmospheric N2O concentration
Machida et al Geophys Res Lett 22:2921-2925
IGBP synthesis: Global Change and the Earth System, Steffen et al 2004
12. Atmospheric CH4 concentration
Blunier et al J Geophy Res 20: 2219-2222
IGBP synthesis: Global Change and the Earth System, Steffen et al 2004
13. Ozone depletion
JD Shanklin British Antarctic Survey
IGBP synthesis: Global Change and the Earth System, Steffen et al 2004
15. Ocean ecosystems
FAOSTAT 2002 Statistical database
IGBP synthesis: Global Change and the Earth System, Steffen et al 2004
16. Coastal zone nitrogen flux
Mackenzie et al 2002.
IGBP synthesis: Global Change and the Earth System, Steffen et al 2004
17. Tropical rainforest and
woodland loss
Richards, the Earth as transformed by human action, Cambridge University Press
IGBP synthesis: Global Change and the Earth System, Steffen et al 2004
18. Domesticated land
Klein Goldewijk and Batties
IGBP synthesis: Global Change and the Earth System, Steffen et al 2004
19. Species extinctions
Wilson, the Diversity of Life.
IGBP synthesis: Global Change and the Earth System, Steffen et al 2004
24. Multiple Interacting driving forces pushing
systems towards tipping points
Natural Fire regimes
Biomass burning
Palm-oil expansion
El Nino
El Nino goes from regenerative to
destructive force
Breaking millennia long Fire-El
Nino relationship for Dipterocarp
trees
28. Ozone
depletion
Climate Atmospheric
change aerosol loading
Biogeochemical
loading: Ocean
Global N & P cycles acidification
Planetary
Rate of Boundaries Global
biodiversity loss freshwater
use
Land system Chemical
change pollution
36. Top Fossil Fuel Emitters (Absolute)
Top four emitters in 2011 covered 62% of global emissions
T%), United States (16%), EU27 (11%), India (7%)TTTTT
The growing gap between EU27 and USA is due to emission decreases in Germany (45% of the 1990-2011
cumulative difference), UK (19%), Romania (13%), Czech Republic (8%), and Poland (5%)
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al. 2012; Global Carbon Project 2012
37. Interactions among Planetary Boundaries
10
9 Resilience of
8 the Earth
Gt Carbon/yr
7 ocean
system
6
5 land
4
3
2
1 atmosphere
0
Adapted from Canadell et al., 2007
38. Merchants of Doubt
• Tobacco, Acid rain, CFC and now Climate
change – the same tactics
• Financed by oil and coal lobby, but – as well
– by right-wing think tanks, who view every
attempt of gvt regulation of the economy as a
threat to Freedom
• Ideology blocks new
knowledge – ex Kahan´s
study
39. Climate negotiations are not likely to deliver – at
least not in time
Almost 20 years of negotiations and still no
agreement
Negotiations must continue, but a Plan B must
be developed
We have to look for Ad hoc-solutions
40. Inte bara klimat – även ekosystem
som urholkas och resursknapphet
• Vi har dålig förståelse av vad exponentiell tillväxt
innebär - Ett land som Kina – med 7-10 % tillväxt
per år – innebär en fördubbling av ekonomin på
mindre än tio år
• Konsekvensen av den snabba tillväxten, inte bara
i Kina, är att energi, mark och vatten kommer att
vara knappa resurser i framtiden
• Klimatförändringen förstärker problemen – inte
minst försörjningen med mat
• Men ekonomin och politiken hanterar inte detta
41. ”Peak oil” major threat to prosperity
• Cheap oil is the main reason behind rapid increase in standard-
of-living
• Projected increase in demand will require a new Saudi every
third year, posing risk of gap between demand and supply
• Serious consequences for world economy – Energy transition
takes time
• Hype around shale oil and shale gas – great uncertainties
re possible reserves to extract and environment and
climate risks; leakage from shale gas appear large
• Military and security think tanks have issued repeated
warnings about peak oil and its consequences
42. EROI will become increasingly
important:
• EROI for crude oil until 1970 – 50:1 to 100:1
• Today < 20:1
• EROI for tar sand in Canada – c:a 5:1
• EROI for wind – > 10:1
• EROI for ”ethanol from corn” – 1:1
• EROI for nuclear – ?
• EROI for solar energy – > 15:1
Critical issue: energy cost relative to GDP
43. Peak oil and rising energy prices will
have serious consequences
• Cheap oil main reason for prosperity
• Growing gap between demand and supply
• Higher prices will affect growth
• Certain sectors will be severely hit, like
transport and agriculture
• Tensions – and potential conflicts – around
energy access are likely
• The world would need an Oil Protocol
44. Investments in Renewables and
Efficiency on the rise – but too slow
• Many barriers to investments:
- information lacking
- split incentives
- finance; less support for renewables in 2012 than 2011
- time to commerzialise new technology and scale up.
- hype around shale oil and shale gas
- intermittency
- land and water requirements
- EROI
45. Real commodity prices, 1980-2011*
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Energy Metals & Minerals Agriculture
Note: 2011 is Jan-Feb average
46. In a resource-constrained world
• Competition for water, land, energy and
materials will be fierce
• Investments in resource-efficient infrastructure
and renewables must have top priority
• Recycling and reuse will be KEY
• R&D must be aiming at sustainable innovation
47. The Growth Dilemma
• Continued economic growth, as presently
structured, will not be possible from the point of
climate, ecosystems, resource constraints and
planetary boundaries
• De-growth is not possible from the point of view
of the economy, the financial system and social
stability
• Few politicians want to discuss this dilemma
• The challenge can only be addressed through a
thorough discussion in society and a transition to
a more sustainable model
48. Major shortcomings in conventional
economic policy framework
• Natural capital is not accounted for
• GDP growth confused with increase in welfare
• Resources are treated as if easy to substitute
• Non-linear systems don´t fit in linear economic models
• Positive discounting downplays costs in the future
• Externalities not accounted for + Perverse Subsidies
• Financial system by and large ignores of climate risks
• Income gaps widen dramatically
• Unemployment not proactively addressed
49. • The Financial system increasingly
resembles a gigantic Ponzi
Scheme; many people getting rich
by depleting natural stocks and
destabilizing climate or by
creating bubbles – and selling out
before the bubbles burst
50. The financial sector expansion
• In 1980 global financial assets represented 109 %
of world GDP
• In 2006 the ratio was 346 %
• “Bubbles” should surprise no-one
• House market in the US is still almost 40 %
below 2007 level
• In 1980 salary for CEO in finance was equal with
industry average; today > 4 times higher
• In 2007 finance sector made up 40 % of US
private sector profits! In 1970´s around 6%
• Too high debt ratios in too many countries
51. Financial sector and sustainability
• Short term dominates; Quarterly reporting,
compensation systems extremely short term
• Rapid credit expansion – controlled by the
financial sector, not gvts, means future is
mortgaged
• Unsustainable investments proliferate and the
consequences are negative as regards climate
change, ecosystem overuse and resource depletion
• Money pouring into tar sands in Canada and shale
oil in the US; whereas money for renewables is
tough to obtain
• What about our Pension Funds?
52. Financial sector ignoring the risks
• The valuation of fossil companies is related to the reserves reported
• The largest companies report much larger fossil reserves than can be used
to stay within 2° degrees - 745 billion tons CO2 vs 565 billion tons
• These companies < ¼ of estimated fossil reserves, most of which are
owned by state-owned companies
• The valuation shows a huge discrepancy between science and the way
markets work
• Markets appear to believe that a)climate change is a hoax, b) there will be
no international climate agreement or c) CCS will solve the problem
• If CCS is the solution, WHY are investments at a record low?
• True, there is no global price on Carbon. But the risks are there. Besides:
Ethics?
53. Lovande tecken
• Världen kan klara sig på sol, vatten och vind
• Kostnaderna för solenergi faller drastiskt
• Investeringarna i förnybar el > fossilbaserad el
• Utvecklingen av passivhus; Bygga i trä
• Utvecklingen av superlätta o energisnåla fordon
• Nya material ersätter bomull
• Digitaliseringen
• Factor 5
• Biomimicry – lär av naturen
• From cradle to cradle
• Men det går för långsamt och systemet i stort ger inte
rätt incitament
54. How to move forward?
• We need a vision for a sustainable society
• How much is lagom?
• Analyze carefully the necessary transition
• Apply a system´s approach
• Merge the agendas of finance, economy,
employment, climate change, pollution
and resource depletion and constraints
• The financial crisis is not about money
alone – it is as much about natural
resources
56. Strategy for Sustainability
• Stop having Economic Growth as main target ! Focus on
specific welfare goals instead.
• Priority to transdisciplinary science and education
• Education of economists a major challenge
• Strengthen Global Governance – start w EU+Asia?
• Merge poverty reduction w climate and ecosystem
protection
• Reform economic and finance policy frameworks
• Public Procurement proactive role in transformation
• Land use critical – both forests and agriculture
• Stabilise population
• Bring in behavioral sciences; facts alone will not help
57. Strategy for Sustainability II
• Rethink Economics:
- Take Nature into Account
- New indicators for welfare and well-being
- Promote Circular Economy
- Binding targets for energy and resource efficiency
- Raising taxes on use of virgin materials/ reducing
taxes on labor
- New Business models for performance
- Finance sector reform; start by taking climate and
environment risks seriously
-
58. Strategy for Sustainability III
• The world needs a binding climate agreement – to
evolve into agreement for Sustainability
• In the absence we need a Plan B – that gives
priority as well to energy security
- Multiply support for Energy R&D
- Multiply investments in renewables
- Binding goal for energy efficiency
- Global Feed-in Tariff for Renewables
- Remove perverse subsidies
59. Strategy for Sustainability IV
• Crash Programme for Sustainable Innovation:
- From Cradle to Cradle – closed material
loops; ”Nature does not have a design
problem – Humans do”
- Biomimicry
- Use ICT for transformative change
- Functional services / Extend wealth
- Multiply financial support for Energy R&D
60. ”De-coupling” – a challenge
• Ever since Bruntland Report ”de-coupling” has
been seen as THE SOLUTION to address
environment and resource constraints
• Relative de-coupling is happening – but absolute
de-coupling is far away
• Efficiency gains normally eaten up by continued
economic growth and the rebound effect
• Efficiency is crucial but must be achieved within
a differently organized economy, i e by doing the
right things
61. Move towards a circular/cyclic
economy
• Products are designed to last longer
• Reuse, recycling and reconditioning of materilas main objective
• Will require local service economy for maintenance and repair =
more jobs
• Will require new business models focusing on HQ service and
performance
• Can be promoted by tax reform; raising taxes on use of virgin
materials while lowering taxes on labour
• A circular economy will mean less pressure on resources – both
finite and renewables
• In addition it will lead to significantly lower GHG emissions (
Research by SEI, York and others)
• The EU Commission Roadmap for a Resource-Efficient Europe!
62. Functional sales do happen in B2B
• Rolls Royce leases jet engines
• Interface leases carpets
• Michelin leases tyres for trucks
• Xerox offers copying services
Resource and energy use + CO2 emissions have decreased
significantly. The companies have benefitted financially.
Now is time to move into the area of B2C – cars, appliances,
electronic equipment, kitchens, furniture, textiles etc
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68. Labour productivity has increased twentyfold
since 1850. It is not utopian to think of
resource productivity increasing tenfold in 100
years and fivefold in 50 years!
For that to happen, policy frameworks must
change and Business Models undergo
significant change, giving real priority to
alternative energy as well as energy and
resource efficicency
69. Ytterst en existentiell fråga
• Vår mission är att sprida kunskap om riskerna med hopp om
att förändra
• Prevention is better than Cure
• Klarar vi som kollektiv att ta ansvar på lång sikt – utan än
tydligare kriser?
• De rika ländernas ansvar är fundamentalt, men det talar vi tyst
om
• När insikterna ökar borde intresset öka för att tänka om: Men
långt mer än fakta behövs
• Djupliggande kulturella, psykologiska och sociologiska
spärrar
• Medias förändrade roll en utmaning – ”infotainment”
• Både politiken och ekonomin kortsiktiga
• Politikens renässans?
• Det tog lång tid att utveckla demokratin eller avskaffa
slaveriet…..