The document provides an overview of global warming, emphasizing its causes, effects, and potential future impact on the climate. It discusses the greenhouse effect, contributions from both natural and human activities, and presents statistics and predictions regarding temperature increase, sea level rise, and implications for biodiversity. It concludes with mention of international efforts, such as the Kyoto Treaty, aimed at controlling greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate global warming.

1. PRESENTED BY:-
DASRHIT RADADIYA
VIVEK SINGH

2. Topic - Global Warming
Content..
‫ﻩ‬ What is global warming?
‫ﻩ‬ Green house effect
‫ﻩ‬ Cause of global warming
‫ﻩ‬ Effect of global warming
‫ﻩ‬ Ozone layer depletion
‫ﻩ‬ Global warming statistics
‫ﻩ‬ Projection of global warming
‫ﻩ‬ Future prediction
‫ﻩ‬ Controlling Global Warming

3. Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate
system. It is a major aspect of current climate change, and has been demonstrated by direct
temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming. The term
commonly refers to the mainly human-caused increase in global surface temperatures and its
projected continuation.In this context, the terms global warming and climate change are often
used interchangeably, but climate change includes both global warming and its effects, such as
changes in precipitation and impacts that differ by region. There were prehistoric periods of
global warming, but observed changes since the mid-20th century have been much greater
than those seen in previous records covering decades to thousands of years.
What is Global warming ?
Global warming relates to the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's surface .
That has been observed in recent years, and it is projected to continue. It is debated
as to whether this is a natural occurrence or whether human activity has
impacted or accelerated it.

4. GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
✓ Greenhouse effect is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared
radiation by gases in the atmosphere are purported to warm planet's lower
atmosphere and surface
✓ Naturally occurring greenhouse gases have a mean warming effect of about 33’C
(59’F)

6. The major Greenhouse Gases
✓ Water vapours, which causes about 36—70 percent of the vapor
greenhouse effect;
✓ Carbon dioxide (C02), which causes 9-26 percent;
✓ Methane (CH4), which causes 4-9 percent;
✓ Ozone (03), which causes 3-7 percent;
✓ Nitrous oxide (N2O), which cause 0.1-1 percent;
✓ Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs), which cause 2-3 percent;
✓ Clouds also affect the radiation balance, but they are composed of
liquid water or ice and so have different effects
on radiation from water vapour

7. CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING
Global warming is caused by several things, which include man-made or
anthropogenic causes, and global warming is also caused by natural
causes
There are many causes, some
are as follows:
1. Natural Causes
2. Man-made Causes of Global Warming -

8. Natural causes are causes that are
created by nature. One natural
cause is a release of methane gas
from arctic tundra and wetlands.
Methane is a greenhouse gas and
a very dangerous gas to our
environment. A greenhouse gas is
a gas that traps heat in the earth's
atmosphere. Another natural cause
is that the earth goes through a
cycle of climate change. This
climate change usually lasts about
40,000 years.
NATURAL CAUSES

9. Man-made causes probably do the most
damage to our planet. There are many
man-made causes of global warming.
Pollution is one of the biggest man-made
problems. Pollution comes in many shapes
and sizes. Burning fossil fuels is one thing
that causes pollution. Fossil fuels are fuels
made of organic matter such as coal, or
oil. When fossil fuels are burned they give
off a green house gas called C02. When
you dig up the fossil
fuels you dig up the methane as well
letting it escape into the atmosphere.
MAN-MADE CAUSES

10. The effects of Global Warming can already be seen
The IPCC's Third Assessment Report finds that in the last 40 years,
the global average sea level has risen, ocean heat content has
increased, and snow cover and ice extent have decreased, which
threatens to inundate low-lying island nations and coastal regions
throughout the world.
Effects of global warming already being felt on plants and animals
worldwide.
Global Warming Effects that will
happen in the future•
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

11. Global warming will have serious impacts on the environment and on society.
Higher temperatures will cause a melting of ice in Greenland and Antarctica. This
will accelerate the rise of sea level. The speed at which global warming is
expected to occur in the 21 st century is faster than most plant and animal species
will be able to cope with some will adapt but other will suffer and may become
extinct.
Global warming will affect agriculture new crop will be able grown in areas that
are currently too cold to support them. However, more pests and diseases may
offset any benefits higher temperatures may have. Water resources will also be
affected.
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON EARTH
IN FUTURE

13. EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING FELT ON PLANTS
AND ANIMALS
Global warming is having a
significant impact on
hundreds of plant and
animal species around the
world — although the most
dramatic effects may not
be felt for
decades, according to a
new study in the journal
Nature.

14. OZONE LAYER DEPLETION
The ozone layer protects the
Earth from the ultraviolet rays
sent down by the sun. If the
ozone layer is depleted by
human action, the effects on the
planet could be catastrophic.
Ozone is a bluish gas that is
formed by three atoms of
oxygen. The form of oxygen
that humans breathe in consists
of two oxygen atoms, 02. When
found on the surface of the
planet, ozone is considered a
angerous po utant and is one
substance responsible for
producing the greenhouse

15. ➢ According to NASA, the hottest
year on record was 2005, which
matched 1998.
➢ According to the National Climactic
Data Centre estimates, $100 billion
of damage was caused by
hurricanes hitting the U.S. coast in
2005 alone.
➢ It is also projected that 15- 37% of
all plant and animal species could
be wiped out by global warming by
the year, which could further cause
considerable
damage to our planet.
GLOBAL WARMING STATISTICS

16. ✓ Calculations of global warming prepared in or
before 2001 from a range of climate models
under the SRES A2 (Special Report on
Emissions Scenario) which assumes no
action is taken to reduce emissions and
regionally divided economic development.
✓ The geographic distribution of surface
warming during the 21st century calculated
by the HadCM3 climate model if a business
as usual scenario is assumed for economic
growth and greenhouse gas emissions. In
this figure, the globally averaged warming
corresponds to 3.0 degree C.
PROJECTION OF GLOBAL WARMING

17. Some basic predictions of global warming on temperature and sea level:
❑ Global mean temperature should increase by between 1.4 and 5.80C
(2.5 to IOO’F).
❑ The Northern Hemisphere cover should decrease further, but the Antarctic ice
sheet should increase.
❑ The sea level should rise by between 9 and 88 cm (3.5" to 35").
❑ Other changes should occur, including an increase in some extreme weather
events.
❑ The United States is ranked no.1 among large nations of being a global warming
polluter.
❑ The sooner we take heed of these statistics and implement changes that address
global warming, the quicker we can reverse the disturbing trends and the less
damage will occur to our planet and way of life .
FUTURE PREDICTIONS

18. Controlling Global Warming

19. International Action to Reduce Green House Effect
❖ As per Kyoto treaty 1997,38 developing countries are to cut green house emissions to an
average of 5.2%below 1990 levels by 2012 because they are responsible for 36%of the
world CO2 emissions.
❖ According to Muller(2004). China, the third largest emitter of CO2after US and
European Union, is voluntarily improving energy efficiency and increasing use of renewable
energy resources even though she is exempt from cuts under the first round of the Kyoto
treaty.
❖ According to a 2001 study by Natural Resources Defence Council, China reduced its
CO2 emissions by 17%between 1997 and 2000.The period during which CO2 emissions
in the United States rose by 14%,China accomplished the reduction.
❖ Major global companies such as Alcoa, Dupont, IBM, Toyota, BP and Shell have
established targets to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 10-65%from 1990 levels
by 2010.
❖ More than 500 cities around the world have taken up programmes to reduce their
greenhouse gas emissions.

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