In stamping operations,sheet metal is formed into a desired s hape by pressing it in a hydraulic or mechanical press between suitably shaped dies. As a predominant manufacturing pr ocess,sheet metal forming has been widely used for the production of automobiles,aircraft,home appliance s,beverage cans and many other industrial and commercial products. Given that the press force itsel f is an integral of the contact pressure distribution over the die and binder contact interfaces,it is concei vable that defects may be better identified by analyzing the contact pressure distribution directly at the tooling-work piece interface.
CFD SIMULATION OF SOLDER PASTE FLOW AND DEFORMATION BEHAVIOURS DURING STENCIL...ijmech
In 20th century, Electronics elements have become most significant part of the regular life. The main heart
of electronic element is PCB which supports and manages mostly machines and equipments these days.
Therefore manufacturing of board and assembly of electronic elements is one of the crucial and significant
objectives for most of the companies. Better life of PCB’s depends on electronic elements and its assembly
with board. Solder paste is used as adhesive material for assembly purpose. It is deposited on board using
stencil and electronic elements are mounted on it and heated for strong bond.
This study investigates on factors affecting stencil printing process due to variation in squeegee speed and
density of solder paste. This study is based on computational fluid dynamics virtual simulation. Prototype is
developed for modelling purpose and simulation software is used to simulate the flow behaviour of solder
paste during stencil printing process.
Formability of superplastic deep drawing process with moving blank holder for...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this present work, a statistical approach based on Taguchi Techniques and finite element analysis were adopted to determine the formability of conical cup using warm deep drawing process. The process parameters were temperature, coefficient of fric-tion, strain rate and blank holder velocity. The experimental results were validated using a finite element software namely D-FORM. The AA1050–H18 sheets were used for the superplastic deep drawing of the conical cups. The strain rate by itself has a significant effect on the effective stress and the height of the conical cup drawn. The formability of the conical cups was outstand-ing for the surface expansion ratio greater than 2.0.
Keywords: AA1050-H18, superplastic deep drawing, blank holder velocity, temperature, coefficient of friction, strain rate, conical cups, formability.
A practical approach to eliminate defects in gravity die cast al alloy castin...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper deals with elimination of defects in aluminium alloy castings produced by gravity die casting process. The main intention of work is to investigate the defects and improve quality of a gravity die cast component using Computer Aided Casting Simulation Software. In this study an industrial gravity casting die is used which was producing defective components. The die and components produced by the die are studied to eliminate the defects using virtual simulations. The defects in the components are identified to be solidification shrinkage, cracks, unfilled riser and incomplete mould cavity. The reasons for the defects are analyzed as either improper selection of process parameters, or improper design of gating and risering system. SOLIDCast simulation software is used for simulating the solidification process of casting and visualizing outputs showing possible problematic areas or defects which may occur in the cast product. The work is carried out in two stages. In first stage, few test castings are produced by modifying the process parameters (pouring temperature, pouring time, pre heat and alloy type) and results are compared with simulation results produced using same parameters. The pouring and simulation results are observed to be in good accordance with each other. In second stage, number of virtual iterations of casting is performed by changing riser dimensions. It was found from the simulation results that riser with 35mm diameter is required to produce casting with zero defects. The die is modified accordingly with the simulation results and metal is poured. The castings produced are observed to be sound and contain no defects; and also it is verified that solidification simulation helps in locating the defects, eliminating them and ultimately improving the quality of castings without any shop-floor trails.
Keywords: Aluminum-Alloys, Casting Defects, Gravity Die Casting, Material Density and SOLIDCast Simulation
CFD SIMULATION OF SOLDER PASTE FLOW AND DEFORMATION BEHAVIOURS DURING STENCIL...ijmech
In 20th century, Electronics elements have become most significant part of the regular life. The main heart
of electronic element is PCB which supports and manages mostly machines and equipments these days.
Therefore manufacturing of board and assembly of electronic elements is one of the crucial and significant
objectives for most of the companies. Better life of PCB’s depends on electronic elements and its assembly
with board. Solder paste is used as adhesive material for assembly purpose. It is deposited on board using
stencil and electronic elements are mounted on it and heated for strong bond.
This study investigates on factors affecting stencil printing process due to variation in squeegee speed and
density of solder paste. This study is based on computational fluid dynamics virtual simulation. Prototype is
developed for modelling purpose and simulation software is used to simulate the flow behaviour of solder
paste during stencil printing process.
Formability of superplastic deep drawing process with moving blank holder for...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this present work, a statistical approach based on Taguchi Techniques and finite element analysis were adopted to determine the formability of conical cup using warm deep drawing process. The process parameters were temperature, coefficient of fric-tion, strain rate and blank holder velocity. The experimental results were validated using a finite element software namely D-FORM. The AA1050–H18 sheets were used for the superplastic deep drawing of the conical cups. The strain rate by itself has a significant effect on the effective stress and the height of the conical cup drawn. The formability of the conical cups was outstand-ing for the surface expansion ratio greater than 2.0.
Keywords: AA1050-H18, superplastic deep drawing, blank holder velocity, temperature, coefficient of friction, strain rate, conical cups, formability.
A practical approach to eliminate defects in gravity die cast al alloy castin...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper deals with elimination of defects in aluminium alloy castings produced by gravity die casting process. The main intention of work is to investigate the defects and improve quality of a gravity die cast component using Computer Aided Casting Simulation Software. In this study an industrial gravity casting die is used which was producing defective components. The die and components produced by the die are studied to eliminate the defects using virtual simulations. The defects in the components are identified to be solidification shrinkage, cracks, unfilled riser and incomplete mould cavity. The reasons for the defects are analyzed as either improper selection of process parameters, or improper design of gating and risering system. SOLIDCast simulation software is used for simulating the solidification process of casting and visualizing outputs showing possible problematic areas or defects which may occur in the cast product. The work is carried out in two stages. In first stage, few test castings are produced by modifying the process parameters (pouring temperature, pouring time, pre heat and alloy type) and results are compared with simulation results produced using same parameters. The pouring and simulation results are observed to be in good accordance with each other. In second stage, number of virtual iterations of casting is performed by changing riser dimensions. It was found from the simulation results that riser with 35mm diameter is required to produce casting with zero defects. The die is modified accordingly with the simulation results and metal is poured. The castings produced are observed to be sound and contain no defects; and also it is verified that solidification simulation helps in locating the defects, eliminating them and ultimately improving the quality of castings without any shop-floor trails.
Keywords: Aluminum-Alloys, Casting Defects, Gravity Die Casting, Material Density and SOLIDCast Simulation
Design and Analysis of Ceiling Cable Holder Baseijtsrd
Injection moulds are classified into two types based on runner design i.e. Cold runner moulds and Runner less moulds i.e. hot runner moulds. In cold runner moulds, for multi cavity and multi point injection moulds, there is wreckage of material in runner area. Also wastage of material is more than component weight. To overcome the above problem, the technique used is hot Runner moulds. Hot runner mould is one of the improved manufacturing techniques for multi cavity type moulds. These types of moulds are commonly used for large production rate. While producing plastic components using normal standard multi cavity mould, we are facing the problems like partial filling, cavities in components, less product quality, injection pressure and temperature reduction and war page etc. Thus we are redesigning the holder base by doing some modification in and this will be beneficial for our using purpose. We are making design of the component, mould flow analysis using software Solid works. Nitish Kumar Mishra | Prof. Vaibhav Bankar ""Design and Analysis of Ceiling Cable Holder Base"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23840.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23840/design-and-analysis-of-ceiling-cable-holder-base/nitish-kumar-mishra
A study of professional advantages to manufacturing organizations by the way ...IJERA Editor
This paper presents the study and analysis of long term advantages gained by electromechanical product
manufacturing Industries when the A class components like brass electrical contacts are manufactured by
newly devised advance manufacturing technique of hot brass extrusion .After completion of the research and
practical application this new advance manufacturing technique this has replaced previous traditional
manufacturing technique of green sand molding and casting used for commercial production of brass
contacts. The prime impact of research covers a newly devised innovative product life cycle which increases
product life.
Comparative Experiment of Surface Roughness when Grinding 3X13, SKD11 and SUJ...ijtsrd
This paper presents the experimental study for comparison of surface roughness of work piece when grinding three types of 3X13, SKD11 and SUJ2 steels with CBN grinding wheel. The comparison methods in this study include comparison by means, comparison by numerical charts, comparison by histogram plot, and comparison by criteria's of probability theory. The results show that comparison by criteria's of probability theory leads to more reliability than other methods. On this basis, the values of surface roughness of 3X13 and SUJ2 steels are determined to be equal. Meanwhile, the surface roughness of SKD11 steel is much lower than that of the other two steel types. Nguyen Hong Son ""Comparative Experiment of Surface Roughness when Grinding 3X13, SKD11 and SUJ2 Steels with CBN Grinding Wheel"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29986.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29986/comparative-experiment-of-surface-roughness-when-grinding-3x13-skd11-and-suj2-steels-with-cbn-grinding-wheel/nguyen-hong-son
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The Surface roughness prediction method using
artificial neural network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy
Inference System (ANFIS) are developed to investigate the
effects of cutting conditions during turning of EN8 material.
The ANN model of surface roughness parameters (Ra) is
developed with the cutting conditions such as cutting speed,
feed rate and depth of cut as the affecting process
parameters.
The experiments are planned and totally 27 settings
with three levels defined for each of the factors in order to
develop the knowledge based system. The ANN training
method is used for back-propagation training algorithm
(BPTA) and also for training the Adaptive neuro fuzzy
inference system (ANFIS). We have compared the
Artificial Neural Network and Adaptive neuro fuzzy
inference systems.
LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL FOR KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY IN ENGINEERING MATERIALScscpconf
Nowadays numerous interestingness measures have been proposed to disclose the relationships
of attributes in engineering materials database. However, it is still not clear when a measure is
truly elective in large data sets. So there is a need for a logically simple, systematic and
scientific method or mathematical tool to guide designers in selecting proper materials while
designing the new materials. In this paper, linear regression model is being proposed for
measuring correlated data and predicating the continues attribute values from the large
materials database. This method helps to find the relationships between two sub properties of
mechanical property of different types of materials and helps to predict the properties of
unknown materials. The method presenting here effectively satisfies for engineering materials
database, and shows the knowledge discovery from large volume of materials database.
Studying on regression analysis suggests that data mining techniques can contribute to the
investigation on materials informatics, and for discovering the knowledge in the materials
database, which make the manufacturing industries to hoard the waste of sampling the newly
materials
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Reliability based selection of standard steel beamseSAT Journals
Abstract A reliability-based design approach using sensitivity analysis is presented for the selection of standard steel beams subjected to concentrated and or distributed loads, assuming lognormal probability density function. Serviceability criteria of bending stress, transverse deflection, and web maximum shear stress are considered. The load, strength, and geometric parameters are considered to be log normal in distribution. Equations are developed for the coefficients of variation for the mentioned serviceability criteria so as to determine design reliability. Deterministic design equations are transformed into probabilistic ones by replacing the traditional “safety factor” with a “reliability factor”. The reliability factor is determined from a specified reliability goal and the coefficients of variation in design models and parameters. Design examples are presented and results are compared with solutions based on the traditional ASD (Allowable Stress Design) method. Two of the four design examples have identical solutions with the ASD method. The third example result is practically the same as that of ASD method, except that the beam is slightly lighter. The fourth example has a similar result as the ASD method but the beam is deeper. The deeper beam solution stems from the use of both bending stress and deflection serviceability criteria in the new approach while only the bending stress criterion was used in the ASD method. All the chosen beams indicate a reliability of at least 99.73% for bending stress and at least 95.22% reliability for deflection. In all the chosen beams, the web maximum shear stress has a reliability factor of at least 4.91, making shear failure improbable. The agreement between the results of these different methods is amazingly interesting. All computations in the study were done on Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet, demonstrating that probabilistic design can be done with inexpensive computer resource and not too advanced analytical skills. This study shows that acceptable design solutions can be achieved by modification of deterministic or traditional design method through probabilistic consideration of “design or safety factor”. From the very favorable comparison of the results between the new approach and ASD method, it appears reasonable to conclude that the method proposed in this paper is satisfactory for the probabilistic design of standard steel beams. The covs for practical design applications should be based on data from material vendors and historical data on loads. Engineering companies providing design services would have such data and a simple statistical analysis will give realistic cov values for use in their design practice.
Finite Element Simulation and Experiment of Chip Formation Process during Hig...IDES Editor
As an advanced manufacturing technology which
has been developed rapidly in recent years, high speed
machining is widely applied in many industries. The chip
formation during high speed machining is a complicated
material deformation and removing process. In research area
of high speed machining, the prediction of chip morphology is
a hot and difficult topic. A finite element method based on the
software ABAOUS which involves Johnson-Cook material
model and fracture criterion was used to simulate the serrated
chip morphology and cutting force during high speed
machining of AISI 1045 hardened steel. The serrated chip
morphology and cutting force were observed and measured by
high speed machining experiment of AISI 1045 hardened steel.
The effects of rake angle on cutting force, sawtooth degree
and space between sawteeth were discussed. The investigation
indicates that the simulation results are consistent with the
experiments and this finite element simulation method
presented can be used to predict the chip morphology and
cutting force accurately during high speed machining of
hardened steel.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
SPRING BACK PREDICTION OF SHEET METAL IN DEEP DRAWING PROCESSIAEME Publication
Spring back is one of the most significant phenomenon that affect the accurateness of the sheet metal parts. In order to obtain fixed tolerances for the formed parts it is highly recommended to use such process parameters/tool geometry that allow a considerably diminishing of the spring back amount. A Finite Element (FE) model is developed for the 2- D numerical simulation of sheet metal deep drawing process (Parametric Analysis) by using HYPERFORM with the appropriate material properties (anisotropic material) and simplifies boundary conditions
Design and Analysis of Ceiling Cable Holder Baseijtsrd
Injection moulds are classified into two types based on runner design i.e. Cold runner moulds and Runner less moulds i.e. hot runner moulds. In cold runner moulds, for multi cavity and multi point injection moulds, there is wreckage of material in runner area. Also wastage of material is more than component weight. To overcome the above problem, the technique used is hot Runner moulds. Hot runner mould is one of the improved manufacturing techniques for multi cavity type moulds. These types of moulds are commonly used for large production rate. While producing plastic components using normal standard multi cavity mould, we are facing the problems like partial filling, cavities in components, less product quality, injection pressure and temperature reduction and war page etc. Thus we are redesigning the holder base by doing some modification in and this will be beneficial for our using purpose. We are making design of the component, mould flow analysis using software Solid works. Nitish Kumar Mishra | Prof. Vaibhav Bankar ""Design and Analysis of Ceiling Cable Holder Base"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23840.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23840/design-and-analysis-of-ceiling-cable-holder-base/nitish-kumar-mishra
A study of professional advantages to manufacturing organizations by the way ...IJERA Editor
This paper presents the study and analysis of long term advantages gained by electromechanical product
manufacturing Industries when the A class components like brass electrical contacts are manufactured by
newly devised advance manufacturing technique of hot brass extrusion .After completion of the research and
practical application this new advance manufacturing technique this has replaced previous traditional
manufacturing technique of green sand molding and casting used for commercial production of brass
contacts. The prime impact of research covers a newly devised innovative product life cycle which increases
product life.
Comparative Experiment of Surface Roughness when Grinding 3X13, SKD11 and SUJ...ijtsrd
This paper presents the experimental study for comparison of surface roughness of work piece when grinding three types of 3X13, SKD11 and SUJ2 steels with CBN grinding wheel. The comparison methods in this study include comparison by means, comparison by numerical charts, comparison by histogram plot, and comparison by criteria's of probability theory. The results show that comparison by criteria's of probability theory leads to more reliability than other methods. On this basis, the values of surface roughness of 3X13 and SUJ2 steels are determined to be equal. Meanwhile, the surface roughness of SKD11 steel is much lower than that of the other two steel types. Nguyen Hong Son ""Comparative Experiment of Surface Roughness when Grinding 3X13, SKD11 and SUJ2 Steels with CBN Grinding Wheel"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29986.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29986/comparative-experiment-of-surface-roughness-when-grinding-3x13-skd11-and-suj2-steels-with-cbn-grinding-wheel/nguyen-hong-son
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The Surface roughness prediction method using
artificial neural network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy
Inference System (ANFIS) are developed to investigate the
effects of cutting conditions during turning of EN8 material.
The ANN model of surface roughness parameters (Ra) is
developed with the cutting conditions such as cutting speed,
feed rate and depth of cut as the affecting process
parameters.
The experiments are planned and totally 27 settings
with three levels defined for each of the factors in order to
develop the knowledge based system. The ANN training
method is used for back-propagation training algorithm
(BPTA) and also for training the Adaptive neuro fuzzy
inference system (ANFIS). We have compared the
Artificial Neural Network and Adaptive neuro fuzzy
inference systems.
LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL FOR KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY IN ENGINEERING MATERIALScscpconf
Nowadays numerous interestingness measures have been proposed to disclose the relationships
of attributes in engineering materials database. However, it is still not clear when a measure is
truly elective in large data sets. So there is a need for a logically simple, systematic and
scientific method or mathematical tool to guide designers in selecting proper materials while
designing the new materials. In this paper, linear regression model is being proposed for
measuring correlated data and predicating the continues attribute values from the large
materials database. This method helps to find the relationships between two sub properties of
mechanical property of different types of materials and helps to predict the properties of
unknown materials. The method presenting here effectively satisfies for engineering materials
database, and shows the knowledge discovery from large volume of materials database.
Studying on regression analysis suggests that data mining techniques can contribute to the
investigation on materials informatics, and for discovering the knowledge in the materials
database, which make the manufacturing industries to hoard the waste of sampling the newly
materials
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Reliability based selection of standard steel beamseSAT Journals
Abstract A reliability-based design approach using sensitivity analysis is presented for the selection of standard steel beams subjected to concentrated and or distributed loads, assuming lognormal probability density function. Serviceability criteria of bending stress, transverse deflection, and web maximum shear stress are considered. The load, strength, and geometric parameters are considered to be log normal in distribution. Equations are developed for the coefficients of variation for the mentioned serviceability criteria so as to determine design reliability. Deterministic design equations are transformed into probabilistic ones by replacing the traditional “safety factor” with a “reliability factor”. The reliability factor is determined from a specified reliability goal and the coefficients of variation in design models and parameters. Design examples are presented and results are compared with solutions based on the traditional ASD (Allowable Stress Design) method. Two of the four design examples have identical solutions with the ASD method. The third example result is practically the same as that of ASD method, except that the beam is slightly lighter. The fourth example has a similar result as the ASD method but the beam is deeper. The deeper beam solution stems from the use of both bending stress and deflection serviceability criteria in the new approach while only the bending stress criterion was used in the ASD method. All the chosen beams indicate a reliability of at least 99.73% for bending stress and at least 95.22% reliability for deflection. In all the chosen beams, the web maximum shear stress has a reliability factor of at least 4.91, making shear failure improbable. The agreement between the results of these different methods is amazingly interesting. All computations in the study were done on Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet, demonstrating that probabilistic design can be done with inexpensive computer resource and not too advanced analytical skills. This study shows that acceptable design solutions can be achieved by modification of deterministic or traditional design method through probabilistic consideration of “design or safety factor”. From the very favorable comparison of the results between the new approach and ASD method, it appears reasonable to conclude that the method proposed in this paper is satisfactory for the probabilistic design of standard steel beams. The covs for practical design applications should be based on data from material vendors and historical data on loads. Engineering companies providing design services would have such data and a simple statistical analysis will give realistic cov values for use in their design practice.
Finite Element Simulation and Experiment of Chip Formation Process during Hig...IDES Editor
As an advanced manufacturing technology which
has been developed rapidly in recent years, high speed
machining is widely applied in many industries. The chip
formation during high speed machining is a complicated
material deformation and removing process. In research area
of high speed machining, the prediction of chip morphology is
a hot and difficult topic. A finite element method based on the
software ABAOUS which involves Johnson-Cook material
model and fracture criterion was used to simulate the serrated
chip morphology and cutting force during high speed
machining of AISI 1045 hardened steel. The serrated chip
morphology and cutting force were observed and measured by
high speed machining experiment of AISI 1045 hardened steel.
The effects of rake angle on cutting force, sawtooth degree
and space between sawteeth were discussed. The investigation
indicates that the simulation results are consistent with the
experiments and this finite element simulation method
presented can be used to predict the chip morphology and
cutting force accurately during high speed machining of
hardened steel.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
SPRING BACK PREDICTION OF SHEET METAL IN DEEP DRAWING PROCESSIAEME Publication
Spring back is one of the most significant phenomenon that affect the accurateness of the sheet metal parts. In order to obtain fixed tolerances for the formed parts it is highly recommended to use such process parameters/tool geometry that allow a considerably diminishing of the spring back amount. A Finite Element (FE) model is developed for the 2- D numerical simulation of sheet metal deep drawing process (Parametric Analysis) by using HYPERFORM with the appropriate material properties (anisotropic material) and simplifies boundary conditions
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity
Optimization of design parameters for V-bending process using response surfac...217Saiteja
Sheet metal forming is one of the widely used manufacturing process. V- bending is an example of sheet metal forming process. This presentation deals with the optimisation of process parameters for V-bending process using Response Surface Optimization technique
Sheet Metal Micro Forming: Future Research PotentialsIDES Editor
The paper is aimed to discuss some relevant issues
concerning an innovative sheet metal forming technology,
namely Single Point Incremental Forming. The advantages of
this technology are addressed, including its capability to provide
effective answers to some impellent industrial requirements:
process flexibility, strong customer orientation, production of
highly differentiated goods at low industrial costs. As well some
relevant drawbacks are highlighted, mainly as concerns the
level of accuracy permitted by the process. A wide recognition
of the research efforts in this field is presented, taking into
account some general considerations on the difference sources
of shape and dimensional errors, as well as the influence of the
most relevant parameters. Finally, some strategies for error
minimisation are presented and discussed
Abstract 3D Printing is a process of manufacturing the product on the layer by layer. And it is best processes for producing a finished objects. It was started in 1980‟s with the invention of stereo lithography. It has gone through various ups and downs throughout its development and rejection of new technologies. In this paper, we h3ave summarized the printing of hollow compounds with different shapes. Applications of 3D printed hollow compounds are turbine blades, gears, disc brakes etc. One of the major application of 3D printing is hollow turbine blade. A turbine blade is the individual components. These are used to up the turbine section of a gas turbine. The blades must designed to withstand the high pressure and high temperature comings from combustor. These 3D printed hollow compounds has same strength as solid compounds when compared. Major advantages of the Hollow shaped compounds are heat transfer, low material cost. The aim of the paper is to reduce the cost of material and easy manufacturing of hollow compounds compared to traditional process and taken hollow turbine blade as example. Keywords: hollow compounds, 3D printing, turbine blades, Additive manufacturing.
ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF SPRING BACK EFFECTS IN A TYPICAL ...IAEME Publication
Prediction of spring back for forming of a typical shape of Cold Rolled steel sheet has been carried out using FEM. The objective of this work is to predict the spring back in the form of a typical shape of cold rolled steel sheet and compare that with the actual spring back as occurs in experiment. A typical shape is designed using AutoCAD and Solidworks. Die and punch to form the shape has been designed using 2d and 3d modelling tools. The Finite element simulation is done considering the material and geometric nonlinearity. Non-linear material properties are obtained from the tensile testing of the standard test specimen made from the same material and of same thickness. Geometric nonlinearity is considered by selecting appropriate option in the FEM package.
The world of manufacturing world is broadly classified into two main categories such as cold working and hot
working process. The process in the manufacturing world which is conducted above the recrystallization
temperature are called as hot working process while the process which is conducted below the recrystallization
temperature of the work piece is called cold working process.in the above categorization, the casting and
forging process is considered as the hot working process while other processes were kept under cold working
process category. The process for our review is forging and in our research paper, we are focusing on the
forging process, the types of forging process and the various parameters that are considered as a tool for the
process optimization of the forging.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Similar to A Review on Finite Element Analysis of Automobile roof header Manufactured By Stamping Process (20)
Since so many years a problem occurs in KSB Pump Va mbori for casting process i.e. cracks occurs in the castings & it is repeated one. Therefore the compan y has given opportunity to me to solve this problem . In case of steel casting there are mainly cracks & also blo w holes induced due to the casting procedure. There are many factors for the casting defects .The factor is unev en material feeding in casting & also due to the mo uld material & also the core material. These cracks finally brea k directly the component of the casting i.e. in cas e of pump the casting component is like Impeller,Volute casing & casing cover. At the time of feeding of steel material in to the casting the material is in liquid us form i.e. it i s hot material & this material is feeding into casting at the time o f feeding it develop different region of heat. At o ne side the temp is high &at other side the temp is low this also pr oduce cracks. To simulate that casting we use the M AGMA SOFTWARE for simulation & validate it using NDT.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DESIGN OF SIMPLE SPUR GEAR TRAIN AND HELICAL GEAR TRAI...ijiert bestjournal
In recent times,the gear design has become a highl y complicated and comprehensive subject. A designer of modern gear drive system must have to r emember that the main objective of gear drive is to transmit higher power with comparatively smaller overall dim ensions of the driving system which can be construc ted with minimum possible manufacturing cost,runs reas onably free of noise and vibration and which requir es little maintenance. In this paper single stage spur gear t rain and helical gear train with a idler gear are d esigned by American Gear Manufacturing Association (AGMA) stan dard. A idler gear is placed between two gearwheel to obtained the same direction of rotation. AGMA stres s equation is used to determined the tooth bending strength and surface contact strength. As a result,dimensio ns of gears are find out and comparative study is c arried out to select the optimum design of gear train for a give n input parameter
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL LEAF SPRING AND COMPOSITE LEAFijiert bestjournal
A leaf spring is a simple form of spring,commonly used for the suspension in wheeled vehicles. It is also one of the oldest forms of spring. Sometimes referred to as a semielliptical l eaf spring (SELS) it takes the form of a slender ar c-shaped length of spring steel of rectangular cross section. The centre of the arc p rovides location for the axle,while tie holes are provided at either end for attaching to the vehicle body. In the present work,a seven-leaf steel spring use d in passenger cars is replaced with a composite mu lti leaf spring made of glass/epoxy composites. The dimensions sand the num ber of leaves for both steel leaf spring and compos ite leaf springs are considered to be the same. The primary objective is to compare their load carrying capacity,stiffness and weight savings of composite leaf spring. Finally,fatigue life of steel and com posite leaf spring is also predicted using life dat a
Brimmed diffuser is collection�acceleration device which shrouds a wind turbine.For a given turbine di ameter,the power augmentation can be achieved by brimmed diffuser,p opularly known as wind lens. The present numerical investigation deals with the effect of low pressure region created by wind l ens and hence to analyze the strong vortices formed by a brim attached to the shroud diffuser at exit. Also in this analysis,a c omparative numerical prediction of mass flow rates through the wind turbine has been carried out with various types of wind lens wh ich in turn helps to optimize the torque augmentati on. It has been numerically proved that there is significant increase in the wa ke formation & vortex strength when brimming effect is added to a diffuser
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The automobile engine connecting rod is a high volume production,critical component. It co nnects reciprocating piston to rotating crankshaft,transmitting the thrust of the piston to the crankshaft. Every vehicle that uses an internal combustion engine requires at least one connecting rod depending upon the number of cylinders in the engine. As the purp ose of the connecting rod is to transfer the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft. Connecting ro ds for automotive applications are typically manufactured by forging from either w rought steel or powdered metal. the material used f or this process is Mg-Alloy and also finite element analysis of connecting rod
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The purpose of valve train is to operate the inlet and outlet valves of the engine. The valve train m ainly consists of rocker arm,push rod,cam,poppet valve and spring for kee p the valves closed position. The Greaves G400WG en gine valve train is operated at the maximum speed of 3600 rpm. The main objective of this project is to improve the valve train speed up to safe speed limit that is up to 5000 rpm. The valve spring parameters are optimized based on space availability,stress limit,stiffness,buckl ing of pushrod and natural frequency of the system. The optimized valv e spring configuration is used in the push rod type valve train and the valve train dynamics for different engine speed is studie d using commercially available multi-body dynamic A DMAS software. A comparative valve train dynamics analysis is also c arried out with the existing and optimized valve sp ring combinations. It is observed that valve jump engine speed with respect to optimized valve spring is enhanced to considerab le amount when compared to the existing valve spring configuration. Design improvements include detail study on following topi cs:1. Valve Spring Stiffness. 2. Push rod buckling. 3. Valve closing Velocity. 4. Contact stress between cam and follower
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This paper consist of working of reciprocating pump which is driven by a compound pendulum. It provide s the energy required to lift the water from a tank placed approximately several meter below the ground level. Basic application of the mechanism will be for watering the garden which will be operated by means of operation opening and closing of entrance gate. Paper consists of basic concept,design of pump and compound pendulum mecha nism and fabricationed model. The concept can also be implemented in the rural areas,having the problem of electric supply. We aim at making a prototype for providing some me an for pumping of water by the pump which requires less human efforts,conside ring cost effectiveness,easy to operate and portab le mechanism.
The IC engine has seen numerous revolutionary and e volutionary modifications in technology and design over the past few decades. The sole motto behind the modifications wa s to increase the overall efficiency of the IC Engi ne including volumetric and thermal efficiency. Recently few benchmarking techn ologies like the CRDI,MPFI,HCCI,etc. in the Otto cycle and Diesel cycle engines have created an enormous revolution in the automobile industry. In spite of these technologica l and design advances,the efficiencies are not being more than a particular l imit. However,the concept of split cycle engines has dra stically increased the overall performance in all respect. The split cycle concept basically separates the fou r strokes of the conventional cycle. The Scuderi engine one of the best-in-class engine desi gns based on the split cycle concept. The Scuderi engine works on the split cycle and gives higher efficiency than the previous split cycle engines resulting overall high perform ance. It also eliminates the problems faced by previous engines based on the spl it cycle in terms of breathing (volumetric efficien cy) and thermal efficiency. This paper throws light on the greater volumetric,thermal and overall efficiency key points related t o the Scuderi Engines.
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The excessive rise of temperature in the journal be aring operating at boundary/mixed lubrication regim es. Journal bearing test set- up is used to measure the temperature along the cir cumference of the bearing specimen for different lo ading conditions. Here in this journal bearing of l/d ratio 1,diameter of jo urnal is 60mm and the bearing length is 60mm,clear ance is .06mm has been designed and tested to access the temperature rise of the bearing. The result shows that as the load o n the bearing is increasing temperature also increasing. Temperature analysis o f journal bearing is also done by the Ansys workben ch software
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Energy is one of the building blocks of the country . The growth of the country has been fueled by chea p,abundant energy resources. Solar energy is a form of renewable ener gy which is available abundantly and collected unre servedly. The parabolic concentrator reflects the direct incident solar rad iation onto a receiver mounted above the dish at it s focal point. The conversion of concentrated solar radiation to heat takes place in receiver. The heat transfer characteristics of the receiver changes during the rotation of the receiver which affects thermal performance. The working temperature may also influence the ther mal performance and overall efficiency of the system. Thermal as well as optica l losses affect the performance of a solar paraboli c dish-cavity receiver system. The thermal losses of a solar cavity receiver include c onvective and radiative losses to the air in the ca vity and conductive heat loss through the insulation used behind the helical tube surface. Convective and radiative heat losses form the major constituents of the thermal losses. The convection heat loss from cavit y receiver in parabolic dish solar thermal power sy stem can significantly reduce the efficiency and consequently the cost effectiveness of the system. It is important to assess this heat loss and subsequently improve the thermal performance of the receiver.
DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CRANKSHAFTijiert bestjournal
Crankshaft is a crucial component in an engine asse mbly. Crankshaft is consisting of two web sections and one crankpin,which converts the reciprocating displacement of the pist on to a rotary motion with a four link mechanism. G enerally crankshafts are manufactured using cast iron and forged steel mater ial. In this work to design and finite element anal ysis of crankshaft of 4 cylinder petrol engine of Maruti swift Vxi. of 1200 cubic capacity. The finite element analysis in ABA QUS software by using six materials based on their composition viz. Cast iron,EN30B,SAE4340,Structural steel,C70 Alloy steel and Aluminium based composite material reinforced with silicon carbide & fly ash. The parameter like von misses stress,deformation;maximum and minimum principal stress & strain were obtained from analysis software. The results of Finite element show that t he Aluminium based composite material is best mater ial among all. Compare the result like weight and Stiffness parameter. It is resulted of 65.539 % of weight,with reduction i n deformation.
ELECTRO CHEMICAL MACHINING AND ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING PROCESSES MICRO...ijiert bestjournal
Nowadays,necessity of small components is a common trend. These requirements encourage the researcher s to develop very minutest size components to fulfill the demand. The manufact uring of these type of components is a difficult ob ligation and for that various machining methods are develop to manufacture such c omponents. In this article the Electro Chemical mac hining and Electrical Discharge Machining is reviewed. We tried to summar ize the work of various researchers. The study show s that this type of machining processes gives good alternative.
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BY USING NANOFLUID JET IMPINGEMENTijiert bestjournal
An experimental investigation was carried out for s tudying the heat transfer performance of the water-Al2O3 (28nm average particle size) nanofluid inside a liquid evacuated impinging jet system dest ined to the cooling of circular target surface. Results have shown that th e surface heat transfer coefficient increases consi derably when the mass flow rate is increased,but is relatively insensitive to the nozzle-to heated-surface distance. It was foun d that the use of a nanofluid can provide a heat transfer enhancement when compared t o water. Thus most practical applications of jet im pingement occur in industries where the heat transfer requirements hav e exceeded capacity of ordinary heating and cooling techniques. This work presents and discusses the results of an experiment al investigation of heat transfer between the horiz ontal smooth plate of impinged jets.
MODIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION IN STEEL SANDWICH PANELS USING ANSYS WORKBENCH ijiert bestjournal
The demand for bigger,faster and lighter moving ve hicles,such as ships,trains,trucks and buses has increased the importance of efficient str uctural arrangements. In principle two approaches exist to develop efficient structures:e ither application of new materials or the use of new structural design. A proven and well-establi shed solution is the use of composite materials and sandwich structures. In this way high strength to weight ratio and minimum weight can be obtained. The sandwich structures have potential to offer a w ide range of attractive design solutions. In addition to the obtained weight reduction,these so lutions can often bring space savings,fire resistance,noise control and improved heating and cooling performance. Laser-welded metallic sandwich panels offer a number of outstand ing properties allowing the designer to develop light and efficient structural configuratio ns for a large variety of applications. These panels have been under active investigations during the last 15 years in the world.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF ALUMINUM HONEYCOMB SANDWICH PANEL BUMPER BEAM: A REVIEW ijiert bestjournal
Bumper is a energy absorbing protective element whi ch absorb the energy in front collision and protect valuable parts like radiator etc. Bumper is act like protect ive shield generally made of steel material. As eco nomic point of view and to reduce consumption of fuel manufacturin g of light weight vehicle is requirement of current situation. Application of composite material in automobile sec tor is now day common thing. Aluminum honeycomb san dwich panel is basically material from aerospace industri es and known for its high strength to weight ratio. Sandwich structure basically having its properties due to ge ometry. To determine various properties of sandwich structure conducting experiments is expensive,so generally F EA is used .However complex geometry is hurdle so t here are various theories are available for simplification o f model. These theories convert 3D model in to homo genous model .As far as concerning India manufacturing rate of s andwich structure is very less,so generally cost i s more. Greatest giant manufacturer is china we can observe their bu llet train and metro transport facility constructio n. Recently in march 2014 largest selling Indian cars are failed in NCap test in 100% frontal crash test. So requirement of more energy absorbing material with economy cons ideration is important.
Robotic welding requires specialized fixtures to ac curately hold the work piece during the welding operation. Despite the large variety of welding fix tures available today the focus has shifted in maki ng the welding arms more versatile,not the fixture. T he new fixture design reduces cycle time and operat or labor while increasing functionality;and allows co mplex welding operations to be completed on simple two axis welding arms
ADVANCED TRANSIENT THERMAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF DISC BRAKE BY USING ANS...ijiert bestjournal
In these paper structural fields of the solid disc brake during short and emergency braking with four different materials is studied. The distribution of the tempe rature depends on the various factors such as frict ion,surface roughness and speed. The effect of the angular velo city and the contact pressure induces the temperatu re rise of disc brake. The finite element simulation for three -dimensional model was preferred due to the heat fl ux ratio constantly distributed in circumferential direction . Here value of temperature,friction contact power,nodal displacement and deformation for different pressure condition using analysis software with four materi als namely cast iron,cast steel,aluminium and carbon fibre reinforced plastic are taken. Presently the D isc brakes are made up of cast iron and cast steel. With the v alue of simulation result best suitable material fo r the brake drum with higher life span is determined.
REVIEW ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-ASBESTOS COMPOSITE MATERIAL USED IN BR...ijiert bestjournal
Metallic matrix composites are combinations of two or more different metals inter metallic compounds or second phases in which dispersed phases are embe dded within the metallic matrix. They are produced by controlling the morphologies of the constituents to achieve optimum combination of properties. Properties of the composites depend on the properti es of the constituent phases,their relative amount,and dispersed phase geometry including particle siz e,shape and orientation in the matrix. In this pap er,The mechanical properties,behaviour and micro stru ctural evolution of aluminium metal matrix metallic composites fabricated under various process conditi ons were investigated to understand their process- structure�property relations by optimization proces s. Addition of silicon carbide to aluminum has show n an increase in its mechanical properties.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON SEED OIL FOR MULT...ijiert bestjournal
A lubricant is a substance that reduces friction an d wear by providing a protective film between two moving surfaces. Good lubricants possess the proper ties such as low toxicity,high viscosity index,hi gh load carrying capacity,excellent coefficient of fr iction,good anti-wear capability,low emission int o the environment,high ignition temperature. So tribolog y related problems can be minimized by proper selection of lubricant from wear consideration. Tod ay,the depletion of reserves of crude oil,the gro wing prices of crude oil and concern about protecting th e environment against pollution have developed the interest towards environment-friendly lubricants. B ecause of these the purpose of this work is to eval uate the anti-wear characteristics of cottonseed oil and to check the suitability of cottonseed oil as a lu bricant for multi-cylinder engine. Four ball testing machin e is used for anti-wear testing as per ASTM D 4172. The wear preventive characteristic of cottonseed oi l is obtained by measuring wear scar diameter. The present study shows the potential of cotton seed oi l as an alternating lubricant.
Magnetic abrasive finishing is a machining process where the tooling allowance is remove by media wi th both magnetic and abrasive properties,with a magnetic f ield acting as a binder of a grain. Such machining falls into the category of erosion by abrasive suspension and lend itself to the finishing of any type of surface . The possibility of finishing complex surfaces is a spec ial benefit of this machining. Magnetic abrasive fi nishing process is most suitable for obtaining quality fini sh on metallic and non-metallic surfaces. Magnetic abrasive finishing used for complicated product finishing & Roughness and tolerance band achieved that is diffi cult using conventional machine process. The product dimension al requirement easily possible with taking trial wi th MAF parameters.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
A Review on Finite Element Analysis of Automobile roof header Manufactured By Stamping Process
1. Special Issue
Recent Trends In Mechanical engineering, VVPIET, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
21/02/2015
IJIERT February 2015
1 | P a g e
A Review on Finite Element Analysis of Automobile roof header
Manufactured By Stamping Process
Mr. Kete Krishnaraj Shivaji
M.E. (Mech) Student/Department of mechanical engineering
BRAHMDEVDADA MANE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SOLAPUR
Prof. A.V. Chipade
Department of mechanical engineering
BRAHMDEVDADA MANE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SOLAPUR
Abstract
In stamping operations, sheet metal is formed into a desired shape by pressing it in a hydraulic or mechanical
press between suitably shaped dies. As a predominant manufacturing process, sheet metal forming has been
widely used for the production of automobiles, aircraft, home appliances, beverage cans and many other
industrial and commercial products. Given that the press force itself is an integral of the contact pressure
distribution over the die and binder contact interfaces, it is conceivable that defects may be better identified by
analyzing the contact pressure distribution directly at the tooling-work piece interface.
Keywords— stamping operations, pressure distribution, hydraulic or mechanical press.
Introduction
In the present work, two types of analysis are considered. One three dimensional symmetric object is analyzed
for sheet metal formation for stamping process and a two dimensional analysis for irregular shaped objects.
Initially the geometries for two dimensions and three dimensions are built and later meshed for finite element
calculations. In three dimensional analyses, due to symmetry, quarter geometry is considered due to
computational complexity to reduce the solution time. Also temperature effect is considered in the problem to
find the stamping operational load. . The problem is converged at different steps and results are captured for
stress and plastic strain effects. The result shows slight variation of numerical and finite element results.
Further two dimensional analyses for stamping also shows higher number of steps for stamping operation. The
results are captured for vonmises, displacements, plastic strain and
Contact pressure. The contact pressure picture shows variation of contact pressure along the geometry. This
contact pressure prediction helps in proper design of stamping tools to reduce errors in the stamping process.
2. Special Issue
Recent Trends In Mechanical engineering, VVPIET, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
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IJIERT February 2015
2 | P a g e
Also plastic pictures help in predicting the region of crack formation and higher residual stress formation
which are the sources for reduction of life of the component.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Eriksson.D.[1]
: The goal of this study was to determine the detailed design of a greenhouse structure (roof and
pillars), such that when it is loaded in a static roof crush test th0e force-displacement response mimics that of a
modern full-size crossover vehicle. This study was carried out using finite element analysis with the goal of
identifying a specific design to be fabricated for use.
Alexander Muizemnek and Konstantin Zhekov, [2]
Stamping is very important in aspect for manufacturing of
any sheet metal components. In the past decades it has been found that stamping simulation can save lot of
metal and also can be cost effective, will make the manufacturing cheaper and with better quality product
formed. The strain and von-Mises stress plays a major role in the forming process. Many times it’s possible to
get the risk of cracks in the locations near the transition from concave and convex geometry.
Alexander.J.M and Price J.W.H,[3]
A comparative study based on three different parameters and we along with
results based on the combination of the parameters tabulated. Following are the parameters considered for the
stamping. Variation of Blank Thickness, Variation of Clamp Holding Pressure, Variation of Ram Velocity.
Chen C.C and Koboyashi.S,[4]
The simulation of stamping is rather complex and challenging, and requires
information about properties of die and sheet materials and friction between the deforming material and the
dies. The computer simulation is very popular and it is based on the finite element method, which allows to
better understand the interdependence between parameters of process and choosing optimal solution.
Optimizing the stamping process for the metals in producing high quality components is time consuming and
very expensive because of much Iteration involving several combinations of the designs of the die and the
punch and the work piece materials. In the light of the above: researchers are currently adopting FEA based
software’s to overcome the challenges associated with the stamping process. With the advent of high
computing technologies, complex shaped sheet metal profiles for automotive applications can be modeled with
ease and can be imported to FEA solvers for design optimization studies of die and toolings.
S. Thipprakmas, M. Jin, K. Tomokazu, Y. Katsuhiro, M. Murakawa[5]
, Optimizing the stamping process for the
metals in producing high quality components is time consuming and very expensive because of much Iteration
3. Special Issue
Recent Trends In Mechanical engineering, VVPIET, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
21/02/2015
IJIERT February 2015
3 | P a g e
involving several combinations of the designs of the die and the punch and the work piece materials. In the
light of the above: researchers are currently adopting FEA based software’s to overcome the challenges
associated with the stamping process. With the advent of high computing technologies, complex shaped sheet
metal profiles for automotive applications can be modeled with ease and can be imported to FEA solvers for
design optimization studies of die and tooling’s.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Initial built up of geometry of movable die, fixed die and sheet metal
2. Meshing with three dimensional elements
3. Contact pair creation between fixed die, movable die and sheet metal
4. Study of Material Properties.
5. Applying Boundary Conditions such as Punch velocity, holder force.
6. Solving the problem with different temperature dependent material data.
7. Analyzing the problem
8. Results presentation
OBJECTIVES
1. Estimation of thermal effects on structural deformation and resultant stresses
2. Identification of critical regions of possible cracks
3. Identification of load requirements
4. Effect of Deformation on stress generation.
5. Generation of contact pressure development in the stamping process
6. Possible problems with two dimensional and three dimensional process
CONCLUSION
Finite element simulation helps in avoiding the prototype built and costly setups. Also it reduces the solution
time along with internal details which are not possible with practical built up models. This contact pressure
4. Special Issue
Recent Trends In Mechanical engineering, VVPIET, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
21/02/2015
IJIERT February 2015
4 | P a g e
prediction helps in proper design of stamping tools to reduce errors in the stamping process. Also plastic
pictures help in predicting the region of crack formation and higher residual stress formation which are the
sources for reduction of life of the component.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This paper bears impart of many people. It is joyful occasion for all of us to publish our paper. I would like to express my
deep sense of gratitude to my guide Prof. A. V.Chipade and friends for giving valuable time, precious guidance which
helped us in completion of paper successfully.
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