This document presents a model for analyzing the strength and appropriateness of arguments in organizational contexts. The model includes eight elements: the arguer, setting, audience, topic, content, form, integration, and strength. The context, comprised of the arguer, setting, audience and topic, affects an argument's strength through its content. Certain content dimensions like relevance and evidence are more appropriate and strengthen arguments depending on the contextual elements. The characteristics of the arguer, organizational setting, and relationship between power and argumentative position also influence the appropriateness and strength of arguments in different contexts.
How to Write an Argumentative Essay Step By Step - Gudwriter. Argumentative Essay Examples, Structure & Topics | Pro Essay Help. Argumentative Essay Topics for College Assignments - Blog BuyEssayClub.com. Examples Of Argumentative Essays 5Th Grade / Sample 5 Paragraph Essay .... Argumentative Essay Help – Qualities of good essay writers. Argumentative essay. best argumentative essay topics college. FREE 15+ Argumentative Essay Samples in PDF | MS Word. Argumentative Essay.docx | Higher Education | Government | Free 30-day .... How To Write Argumentative Essays. How To Write A Argumentative Essay Example - Coverletterpedia. Argumentative Essay High School – Professional Advice on Writing and .... Argumentative Essay Sample For College – Telegraph. What Is an Argumentative Essay? Simple Examples To Guide You .... Definition Essay: Samples of argumentative essay writing. Argumentative Essay Help : How to Write an Argumentative Essay Worth of .... ⭐ How to write an argumentative text. How To Write an Argumentative .... PPT - THE ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY PowerPoint Presentation, free download .... Top Good Argumentative Essay Topics ~ Thatsnotus. outstanding argumentative essays topics - Visulattic - Your .... Sample Argumentative Essay. Check my Essay: Argumentative essay writing examples. Argumentative essay example short Truth or Consequences .... ⛔ Educational argumentative topics. The Top 15 Best Argumentative Essay .... Expository essay: Argumentative essay practice. Top-20 Argumentative Essay Ideas For Your Academic Paper | IBuyEssay.com. How to Write an Argumentative Essay – Samples and Topics. FREE 16+ Argumentative Writing Samples & Templates in PDF | MS Word. 50 Compelling Argumentative Essay Topics. 005 Argumentative Essay Sample Research Paper ~ Museumlegs. 10 Daring Persuasive Argumentative Essay Topics - Academic Writing Success. 013 Argumentative Essays Examples Brilliant Ideas Of How To Write An .... Hundreds of Argumentative Essay Topics for Any Assignment • 7ESL Best Argumentative Essay
How to Write an Argumentative Essay Step By Step - Gudwriter. Argumentative Essay Examples, Structure & Topics | Pro Essay Help. Argumentative Essay Topics for College Assignments - Blog BuyEssayClub.com. Examples Of Argumentative Essays 5Th Grade / Sample 5 Paragraph Essay .... Argumentative Essay Help – Qualities of good essay writers. Argumentative
Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage by Jay Barneychitwarnold
*Disclaimer on Copyright* The content of this document and all copyright belongs to the original Author (Jay Barney && Journal of Management) i merely did the world the favour of uploading a version of the original paper that is OCR readable in pdf with the ability to highlight. Due to the reformatting the page numbers are not aligned in the same cadence as the original document but every word and diagram checks out; enjoy
· Gagnon, M. A., Jansen, K. J., & Michael, J. H. (2008). Employee .docxLynellBull52
· Gagnon, M. A., Jansen, K. J., & Michael, J. H. (2008). Employee alignment with strategic change: A study of strategy-supportive behavior among blue-collar employees. Journal of Managerial Issues, 20(4), 425–443. (EBSCO AN:
http://libproxy.edmc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login
.aspx?direct=true&db=pbh&AN=36099317&site=ehost-live
JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL ISSUES
Vol. XX Number 4 Winter 2008: 425-443
Employee Alignment with Strategic Change: A Study of Strategy-supportive Behavior among Blue-collar Employees
Mark A. Gagnon
Director of Business Development
Bay Tree Technologies
Karen J. Jansen
Assistant Professor of Management
University of Virginia
Judd H. Michael
Associate Professor of Sustainable Enterprises
The Pennsylvania State University
It may not be surprising that poor organizational strategies often fail, but research in strategy implementation demonstrates that even good strategies fail during implementation (Bonoma, 1984; Huff and Reger, 1987; Wooldridge and Floyd, 1989). Failure of a new strategy or a strategic innovation is often due to the inability or resistance of individual employees to commit to a strategy and adopt the necessary behaviors for accomplishment of strategic objectives (e.g., Heracleous and Barrett, 2001). Failures in this process of strategic commitment lead to strategic misalignment, or individuals failing to engage in behavior that supports the organi-zation’s strategic goals (Boswell and
Boudreau, 2001). Because strategy implementation is predominantly goal-directed (Barney, 1998) and teleological in nature (Van de Ven and Poole, 1995), strategic misalignment reflects the absence of goal-directed behavior.
The problem of strategic misalign-ment has a considerable history in the management discipline and has been described under numerous labels such as the problem of achieving coordinated action, goal incongruence and non-alignment (Barnard, 1938; Boswell et al., 2006; Labovitz and Ro-sansky, 1997; March and Simon, 1958). This body of research has provided considerable insight into the challenges that impede collective
(
(425)
)JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL ISSUES Vol. XX Number 4 Winter 2008
(
426
E
MPLOYEE
A
LIGNMENT WITH
S
TRATEGIC
C
HANGE
)alignment with strategies. However, little is understood about the mechanisms by which individuals come to be aligned with strategies.
The purpose of this study is to understand the antecedents of alignment by examining the role an indi-vidual’s strategic knowledge and commitment play in subsequent engagement in strategy-supportive behavior. Strategic knowledge represents an individual’s global understanding of a strategy being pursued by his or her organization; individuals who agree with statements such as “I understand what strategy X is all about”are demonstrating strategic knowledge as we define it. We propose that strategic knowledge and several individual characteristics influence strategic commitment, which we define as an individual’s willingn.
Examine the Relevance of Processes in How Individuals and Organiza.docxSANSKAR20
Examine the Relevance of Processes in How Individuals and Organizations Learn
Instructions
You will now examine how individuals, teams, and the organization as an entity learn.
Identify the significant differences (or similarities) relevant to how each level of the organization learns. Then, prepare an evaluation of two (2) or three (3) significant opportunities that are most needed or likely to have a positive impact in the organization you have chosen to research.
Discuss how you will implement these opportunities and what changes may be required to overcome any obstacles you can anticipate.
Support your evaluation with a minimum of three resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources, including older articles, may be included.
Length: 5-7 pages, not including title and reference pages
Your evaluation should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards. Be sure to adhere to Northcentral University's Academic Integrity Policy.
Pedagogic challenges in the learning organization
Full Text
· TranslateFull text
·
Introduction
In recent years pedagogical approaches appear increasingly significant regarding learning in working life, workplace learning and learning organizations. Billett (2008) conceptualizes the relations between educational efforts and peoples' everyday learning processes at work as pedagogic issues and qualities. Pedagogic activities as "work-based learning" (Siebert et al. , 2009) and "work-integrated learning" (Martin et al. , 2012) are structured educational attempts to facilitate learning processes at work showing the importance of linking pedagogy and workplace learning together. Although Senge's (1990) interest in dialogue, team learning and leaders' role as teachers, more elaborated pedagogical perspectives are not emphasized in literature on the learning organization (TLO) tradition or in the knowledge management (KM) approach particularly. However, Lustri et al. (2007) propose to connect the tradition of KM to TLO and describe a link between the technical aspects of organizational creation and storing of knowledge and a sociocultural approach of theories of learning. The authors' approach appears as a pedagogic intervention effort considering especially the strategic steering of interpretative and reflective aspects of individuals' learning processes. They also point to the importance of team learning to spread experiences and individual knowledge. Knowledge in an organization is a contextual construction, practice-based and often tacit (Gherardi, 2009). It is a result of complex social processes of team learning and appears difficult to manage effectively (Sondergaard et al. , 2007). This, in turn, increases the interest of pedagogic leadership described as a research-based inte ...
How to Write an Argumentative Essay Step By Step - Gudwriter. Argumentative Essay Examples, Structure & Topics | Pro Essay Help. Argumentative Essay Topics for College Assignments - Blog BuyEssayClub.com. Examples Of Argumentative Essays 5Th Grade / Sample 5 Paragraph Essay .... Argumentative Essay Help – Qualities of good essay writers. Argumentative essay. best argumentative essay topics college. FREE 15+ Argumentative Essay Samples in PDF | MS Word. Argumentative Essay.docx | Higher Education | Government | Free 30-day .... How To Write Argumentative Essays. How To Write A Argumentative Essay Example - Coverletterpedia. Argumentative Essay High School – Professional Advice on Writing and .... Argumentative Essay Sample For College – Telegraph. What Is an Argumentative Essay? Simple Examples To Guide You .... Definition Essay: Samples of argumentative essay writing. Argumentative Essay Help : How to Write an Argumentative Essay Worth of .... ⭐ How to write an argumentative text. How To Write an Argumentative .... PPT - THE ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY PowerPoint Presentation, free download .... Top Good Argumentative Essay Topics ~ Thatsnotus. outstanding argumentative essays topics - Visulattic - Your .... Sample Argumentative Essay. Check my Essay: Argumentative essay writing examples. Argumentative essay example short Truth or Consequences .... ⛔ Educational argumentative topics. The Top 15 Best Argumentative Essay .... Expository essay: Argumentative essay practice. Top-20 Argumentative Essay Ideas For Your Academic Paper | IBuyEssay.com. How to Write an Argumentative Essay – Samples and Topics. FREE 16+ Argumentative Writing Samples & Templates in PDF | MS Word. 50 Compelling Argumentative Essay Topics. 005 Argumentative Essay Sample Research Paper ~ Museumlegs. 10 Daring Persuasive Argumentative Essay Topics - Academic Writing Success. 013 Argumentative Essays Examples Brilliant Ideas Of How To Write An .... Hundreds of Argumentative Essay Topics for Any Assignment • 7ESL Best Argumentative Essay
How to Write an Argumentative Essay Step By Step - Gudwriter. Argumentative Essay Examples, Structure & Topics | Pro Essay Help. Argumentative Essay Topics for College Assignments - Blog BuyEssayClub.com. Examples Of Argumentative Essays 5Th Grade / Sample 5 Paragraph Essay .... Argumentative Essay Help – Qualities of good essay writers. Argumentative
Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage by Jay Barneychitwarnold
*Disclaimer on Copyright* The content of this document and all copyright belongs to the original Author (Jay Barney && Journal of Management) i merely did the world the favour of uploading a version of the original paper that is OCR readable in pdf with the ability to highlight. Due to the reformatting the page numbers are not aligned in the same cadence as the original document but every word and diagram checks out; enjoy
· Gagnon, M. A., Jansen, K. J., & Michael, J. H. (2008). Employee .docxLynellBull52
· Gagnon, M. A., Jansen, K. J., & Michael, J. H. (2008). Employee alignment with strategic change: A study of strategy-supportive behavior among blue-collar employees. Journal of Managerial Issues, 20(4), 425–443. (EBSCO AN:
http://libproxy.edmc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login
.aspx?direct=true&db=pbh&AN=36099317&site=ehost-live
JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL ISSUES
Vol. XX Number 4 Winter 2008: 425-443
Employee Alignment with Strategic Change: A Study of Strategy-supportive Behavior among Blue-collar Employees
Mark A. Gagnon
Director of Business Development
Bay Tree Technologies
Karen J. Jansen
Assistant Professor of Management
University of Virginia
Judd H. Michael
Associate Professor of Sustainable Enterprises
The Pennsylvania State University
It may not be surprising that poor organizational strategies often fail, but research in strategy implementation demonstrates that even good strategies fail during implementation (Bonoma, 1984; Huff and Reger, 1987; Wooldridge and Floyd, 1989). Failure of a new strategy or a strategic innovation is often due to the inability or resistance of individual employees to commit to a strategy and adopt the necessary behaviors for accomplishment of strategic objectives (e.g., Heracleous and Barrett, 2001). Failures in this process of strategic commitment lead to strategic misalignment, or individuals failing to engage in behavior that supports the organi-zation’s strategic goals (Boswell and
Boudreau, 2001). Because strategy implementation is predominantly goal-directed (Barney, 1998) and teleological in nature (Van de Ven and Poole, 1995), strategic misalignment reflects the absence of goal-directed behavior.
The problem of strategic misalign-ment has a considerable history in the management discipline and has been described under numerous labels such as the problem of achieving coordinated action, goal incongruence and non-alignment (Barnard, 1938; Boswell et al., 2006; Labovitz and Ro-sansky, 1997; March and Simon, 1958). This body of research has provided considerable insight into the challenges that impede collective
(
(425)
)JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL ISSUES Vol. XX Number 4 Winter 2008
(
426
E
MPLOYEE
A
LIGNMENT WITH
S
TRATEGIC
C
HANGE
)alignment with strategies. However, little is understood about the mechanisms by which individuals come to be aligned with strategies.
The purpose of this study is to understand the antecedents of alignment by examining the role an indi-vidual’s strategic knowledge and commitment play in subsequent engagement in strategy-supportive behavior. Strategic knowledge represents an individual’s global understanding of a strategy being pursued by his or her organization; individuals who agree with statements such as “I understand what strategy X is all about”are demonstrating strategic knowledge as we define it. We propose that strategic knowledge and several individual characteristics influence strategic commitment, which we define as an individual’s willingn.
Examine the Relevance of Processes in How Individuals and Organiza.docxSANSKAR20
Examine the Relevance of Processes in How Individuals and Organizations Learn
Instructions
You will now examine how individuals, teams, and the organization as an entity learn.
Identify the significant differences (or similarities) relevant to how each level of the organization learns. Then, prepare an evaluation of two (2) or three (3) significant opportunities that are most needed or likely to have a positive impact in the organization you have chosen to research.
Discuss how you will implement these opportunities and what changes may be required to overcome any obstacles you can anticipate.
Support your evaluation with a minimum of three resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources, including older articles, may be included.
Length: 5-7 pages, not including title and reference pages
Your evaluation should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards. Be sure to adhere to Northcentral University's Academic Integrity Policy.
Pedagogic challenges in the learning organization
Full Text
· TranslateFull text
·
Introduction
In recent years pedagogical approaches appear increasingly significant regarding learning in working life, workplace learning and learning organizations. Billett (2008) conceptualizes the relations between educational efforts and peoples' everyday learning processes at work as pedagogic issues and qualities. Pedagogic activities as "work-based learning" (Siebert et al. , 2009) and "work-integrated learning" (Martin et al. , 2012) are structured educational attempts to facilitate learning processes at work showing the importance of linking pedagogy and workplace learning together. Although Senge's (1990) interest in dialogue, team learning and leaders' role as teachers, more elaborated pedagogical perspectives are not emphasized in literature on the learning organization (TLO) tradition or in the knowledge management (KM) approach particularly. However, Lustri et al. (2007) propose to connect the tradition of KM to TLO and describe a link between the technical aspects of organizational creation and storing of knowledge and a sociocultural approach of theories of learning. The authors' approach appears as a pedagogic intervention effort considering especially the strategic steering of interpretative and reflective aspects of individuals' learning processes. They also point to the importance of team learning to spread experiences and individual knowledge. Knowledge in an organization is a contextual construction, practice-based and often tacit (Gherardi, 2009). It is a result of complex social processes of team learning and appears difficult to manage effectively (Sondergaard et al. , 2007). This, in turn, increases the interest of pedagogic leadership described as a research-based inte ...
Department of MBA Review literature course management theory and practice the title conflict management.Conflict management is one of the most broadly researched topics in the area of organizational behavior. Conflict management has become the center of gravity of human activities. For example, Pondy had sorted these definitions into several categories: antecedent conditions, emotions, perceptions and behaviors. Rather than pick one of these specific definitions, Pondy had argued for the adoption of a broad working definition of conflict as the entire process that encompassed these phenomena. The inevitability of conflict in social relations has made conflict management an essential element for human adaptability and survival. This is because the approach adopted to mitigate conflict will determine one’s survival instinct and adjustment patterns in terms of how to live amicably with people to achieve set goals. The issue is that to live amicable with people call for the understanding of conflict dynamics and its management approaches in society. This paper presents a review of past literature on conflict management in organizations. The purpose of the review is to identify research gaps and concepts of conflict management. On the basis of previous literature review, it has been found that only conflict and conflict management, the conflict resolutions are also important predictors of organizational success. This literature review offers a synthesis of the past and contemporary studies about conflict and conflict management.5.1.1 concept of conflict management
The essence of conflict seems to be disagreement, contradiction, or incompatibility. Thus, "conflict" refers to any situation in which there are incompatible goals, cognitions, or emotions within or between individuals or groups that lead to opposition or antagonistic interaction. They recognize three basic types of conflict: Goal conflict is a situation in which desired end states or preferred outcomes appear to be incompatible. Cognitive conflict is a situation in which ideas or thoughts are inconsistent. Affective conflict is a situation in which feelings or emotions are incompatible; that is, people literally become angry with one another. Conflict is very common in organizational settings. This is not necessarily a negative feature; the resolution of conflict often leads to constructive problem-solving.
As a term, "conflict management" refers to a process whereby disputes are reduced, thereby bringing about a positive change in behaviour. As an approach, it is a systematic method of dealing with the causes, symptoms, dynamics, transformations, containment, settlement, and resolution.
5.1.2 Theory of conflict management
The theory in the area of conflict management has become much more extensive and sophisticated. Important developments in this area include Sheppard's (1984) framework for classifying the interventions of third parties into the conflict process and a more complex anal.
Critical management studies
and “mainstream” organization
science
A proposal for a rapprochement
Max Visser
Nijmegen School of Management, Institute of Management Research,
Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a rapprochement between the field of critical
management studies (CMS) and what is constructed here as the “mainstream” of organization theory
and research.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper contains a comparative analysis of relevant literature
from the fields of organization theory, political science and political psychology.
Findings – It is found, first, that at least four instances of “mainstream” theory and research more or
less share CMS assumptions; second, that CMS and “mainstream” may benefit from mutual contact
(using the example of the “power elite” discussion in the 1950s and 1960s); third, that CMS and
“mainstream” may benefit from “mainstream” operationalization of CMS-concepts (using the example
of the development of the F-scale in the 1930s and 1940s).
Originality/value – The paper ranks among the first to search for convergences between two fields
that seem firmly divided in both theoretical and institutional terms.
Keywords Critical management, Organizational theory, Management power
Paper type Conceptual paper
Introduction
Since the 1970s a field of organization studies has emerged that explicitly takes a
critical stance towards modern practices of management and organization and to
(what is constructed in this paper as) the “mainstream”[1] of scientific theory and
research on these practices (Grey and Willmott, 2005a). Given this dual purpose of
critiquing management and the studies thereof, this field has appropriately labeled
itself as critical management studies (CMS).
Although the field of CMS is not easily defined and demarcated, some common lines
of thought can be discerned. Put briefly, CMS scholars argue for a critical conception of
management “in which research is self-consciously motivated by an effort to discredit,
and ideally eliminate, forms of management and organization that have institutionalized
the opposition between the purposefulness of individuals and the seeming givenness
and narrow instrumentality of work-process relationships” (Alvesson and Willmott,
1992, p. 4). This givenness (or naturalness) of relationships needs to be critically
examined (or de-naturalized), because what is treated as natural or given often masks
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at
www.emeraldinsight.com/1934-8835.htm
The author thanks Jos Benders, Yvonne Benschop, Rene ten Bos, Hans Doorewaard,
Erik Poutsma, and the Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their critical (both with and
without capital C) and stimulating comments on earlier drafts of this paper.
IJOA
18,4
466
International Journal of
Organizational Analysis
Vol. 18 No. 4, 2010
pp. 466-478
q Emerald Group Publishing Limited
1934-88.
C IO Best Practices & Rubric ITJonathan Hujsak’s chapter on susta.docxhumphrieskalyn
C IO Best Practices & Rubric IT
Jonathan Hujsak’s chapter on “sustainability’ really tails Hugos closely as it does the previous chapter on green. Many of the arguments in both previous chapters are reincarnate in this chapter. I do not see much value in re-discussing electricity and the carbon footprint. I was struck by several aspects of this chapter. The author writes (187): “Information technology holds the promise of revolutionary improvements in global enterprise sustainability that will dramatically enhance enterprise agility, increase operational efficiency, and even turn cost centers into profit centers.” Several innovations in data management are reshaping the IT landscape. These are discussed in the chapter: server virtualization, storage virtualization, desktop virtualization, and the near future network virtualization. As an executive, the question raised by the chapter regarding virtualization as a sustainability strategy is less than a yes/no, but a when/how. We will ask ourselves, and discuss, the extent to which the virtualization of processing portends the removal of a dedicated IT staff. We will discuss the extent to which the CIO is no longer the manager of a dedicated expert staff, but fully engaged in vendor management and service oversight. Finally we should ask ourselves the extent to which bricks and mortar will even define the corporation as an entity. The corporation, or at least its administrative wing, is more of an abstract. Does it matter if the processing engine of your corporate data is in Bangladesh or Nairobi? Does it matter what flag the vendor’s employees salute or what god they worship? Once we have achieved global network infrastructure stability and redundancy, we may find ourselves seriously questioning our understanding of “corporation” or even employment.
Read the articles to answer the question. Please No Plagiarism or Verbatim but you MUST use a lot of quotes from the articles.
Academy ol Managwneni Review. 1989. VoL 14. No. i, S7-7i
Agency Theory: An Assessment
and Review
KATHLEEN M. EISENHARDT
Stanford University
Agency theory is an important, yet controversial, theory. This paper
reviews agency theory, its contributions to organization theory, and
the extant empirical work and develops testable propositions. The
conclusions are that agency theory (a) offers unique insight into in-
formation systems, outcome uncertainty, incentives, and risk and (b)
is an empirically valid perspective, particularly when coupled with
complementary perspectives. The principal recommendation is to in-
corporate an agency perspective in studies of the many problems
having a cooperative structure.
One day Deng Xiaoping decided to take his
grandson to visit Mao. "Call me granduncle,"
Mao offered warmly. "Oh, 1 certainly couldn't
do that. Chairman Mao," the awe-struck child
replied. "Why don't you give him an apple?"
suggested Deng. No sooner had Mao done so
than the boy happily chirped, "Oh thank you.
Grandunc ...
1
Organizational Theory
Organizational Theory
Abstract
Multiple theories determine understanding human behavior in an organizational setting through the study of organizational behavior. The organizational theories influence the understanding and interpretation of different behaviors and how the knowledge is used to establish better operational efficiency.
I. Introduction
Organizational theory is the study of organizational structure and analysis of its productivity and performance. Organizational theories are multiple aspects that contribute to understanding human behavior in an organization (Baum & Haveman, 2020). Business analysts and researchers understand the importance of social relationships among structures and employees that encourage productivity.
II. Findings
A. Primary Organizational Theories
The different organizational theories explain how supervisors and managers should address leadership responsibilities and ensure productivity in their organizations.
i. Classical Theory
The classical theory explains the division of tasks in the most effective and efficient way based on professional dynamics. The theory is important in helping the organization create the most beneficial structures which assist the company in achieving its goals. Classical theory is based on four principles; division of labor, scalar and functional processes, structure, and span of control.
ii. Neo-classical Theory
The neo-classical theory emphasizes on psychological and emotional components of people's behavior where factors like leadership, cooperation, and morale contribute to habits and behaviors. According to the theory, social acceptance and a sense of belonging are important for positive performance, and leaders should work on employees' interpersonal skills.
iii. Modern Theory
The modern theory involves interactions between people within an organization and surroundings and members' interpersonal interactions. The theory uses mathematical and statistical information in decision-making while ensuring employee happiness and satisfaction.
iv. Contingency Theory
The theory argues that there is no one right way to make a decision. According to Herbert, employees at higher levels make the most impactful decisions, although decisions are made at all levels of the organization (Francescato & Aber, 2015). The choices made depend on internal and external factors as they differ from one organization to the other.
v. Motivation Theory
The motivation theory involves studying what drives and inspires people to work towards their goals. When the management motivates employees correctly, they work accurately and productively. The theory aims at increasing company productivity because employees are encouraged to work efficiently.
vi. Open System Theory
The theory discusses an organization's environment and argues that the environment influences how a business performs. The impact on the organization might be from specific factors such as d ...
Reflective decisions the use ofSocratic dialogue in managin.docxsodhi3
Reflective decisions: the use of
Socratic dialogue in managing
organizational change
Rosemary Skordoulis and Patrick Dawson
University of Aberdeen Business School, Aberdeen, UK
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that too often decisions concerning change are made
on the basis of partial understanding, limited data and unreflective assumptions about people and
organizations. In the discussion of the Socratic dialogue the aim is to uncover a useful method for
ensuring more reflective decision making that involves active participation of employees on the
receiving end of change.
Design/methodology/approach – Although dialogue is used in management processes today, it is
contended that the Socratic dialogue is particularly useful in making sense of complex change
processes. Data drawn from research conducted in two UK higher education institutions are used to
illustrate how lack of knowledge and understanding often pervades and constrains change, and how
techniques of Socratic dialogue can be used to secure higher levels of employee involvement and
commitment to change.
Findings – It is argued that Socratic dialogue can be used as a practical tool to facilitate
“participative” change and contend that further research is required to develop the use of this method
as a qualitative research instrument for uncovering data on processes of change in organizations.
Originality/value – If practised consistently by organizational members, the Socratic techniques
can lead to a more concrete understanding of the complexities of changing organizations. It is a
collective process of change through critical questioning and, as such, it lends itself to further
exploration on the part of both change managers and qualitative researchers for its uses as a
diagnostic and research instrument.
Keywords Organizational change, Employee attitudes, Employee involvement, Decision making
Paper type Research paper
Introduction
Initiating, implementing - and more importantly – sustaining change, has undoubtedly
become one of the most critical factors affecting business organizations (see, Burnes,
2004; Caldwell, 2006; Dawson, 2003; Gallos, 2006; Tushman and Anderson, 2004) and
the enabling and/or disabling factors connected with change implementation projects
have been studied and documented in various ways (see for example, Block, 1987;
Buchanan and Boddy, 1992; Cooper and Sawaf, 1997; Guest and King, 2001; Pfeffer,
1982). Many commentators focus on issues such as, communication or committed
leadership as the vehicle for ensuring effective change (see for example, Hamel, 2000;
Tourish and Hargie, 2003). Despite the efforts involved, an estimated 50-70 per cent of
re-engineering projects fail to achieve their intended objectives (Hammer and Champy,
1993) and less than one third of the USA and British companies engaged in Total
Quality Management (TQM) reported tangible performance benefits (Askenas et al.,
1995). Harvard’s John Kotter, in a stu ...
My personal educational goals Admission/Application Essay. 017 Goals Essay Graduate School Personal Statement Format Header .... Career goals Essay | Essay on Career goals for Students and Children in .... 007 Essay Example Educational Goals Examples Poemsrom Co And Objectives .... What Are Your Educational Goals Essay – Goresan. The Significance of SMART Goals: [Essay Example], 629 words GradesFixer.
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Department of MBA Review literature course management theory and practice the title conflict management.Conflict management is one of the most broadly researched topics in the area of organizational behavior. Conflict management has become the center of gravity of human activities. For example, Pondy had sorted these definitions into several categories: antecedent conditions, emotions, perceptions and behaviors. Rather than pick one of these specific definitions, Pondy had argued for the adoption of a broad working definition of conflict as the entire process that encompassed these phenomena. The inevitability of conflict in social relations has made conflict management an essential element for human adaptability and survival. This is because the approach adopted to mitigate conflict will determine one’s survival instinct and adjustment patterns in terms of how to live amicably with people to achieve set goals. The issue is that to live amicable with people call for the understanding of conflict dynamics and its management approaches in society. This paper presents a review of past literature on conflict management in organizations. The purpose of the review is to identify research gaps and concepts of conflict management. On the basis of previous literature review, it has been found that only conflict and conflict management, the conflict resolutions are also important predictors of organizational success. This literature review offers a synthesis of the past and contemporary studies about conflict and conflict management.5.1.1 concept of conflict management
The essence of conflict seems to be disagreement, contradiction, or incompatibility. Thus, "conflict" refers to any situation in which there are incompatible goals, cognitions, or emotions within or between individuals or groups that lead to opposition or antagonistic interaction. They recognize three basic types of conflict: Goal conflict is a situation in which desired end states or preferred outcomes appear to be incompatible. Cognitive conflict is a situation in which ideas or thoughts are inconsistent. Affective conflict is a situation in which feelings or emotions are incompatible; that is, people literally become angry with one another. Conflict is very common in organizational settings. This is not necessarily a negative feature; the resolution of conflict often leads to constructive problem-solving.
As a term, "conflict management" refers to a process whereby disputes are reduced, thereby bringing about a positive change in behaviour. As an approach, it is a systematic method of dealing with the causes, symptoms, dynamics, transformations, containment, settlement, and resolution.
5.1.2 Theory of conflict management
The theory in the area of conflict management has become much more extensive and sophisticated. Important developments in this area include Sheppard's (1984) framework for classifying the interventions of third parties into the conflict process and a more complex anal.
Critical management studies
and “mainstream” organization
science
A proposal for a rapprochement
Max Visser
Nijmegen School of Management, Institute of Management Research,
Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a rapprochement between the field of critical
management studies (CMS) and what is constructed here as the “mainstream” of organization theory
and research.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper contains a comparative analysis of relevant literature
from the fields of organization theory, political science and political psychology.
Findings – It is found, first, that at least four instances of “mainstream” theory and research more or
less share CMS assumptions; second, that CMS and “mainstream” may benefit from mutual contact
(using the example of the “power elite” discussion in the 1950s and 1960s); third, that CMS and
“mainstream” may benefit from “mainstream” operationalization of CMS-concepts (using the example
of the development of the F-scale in the 1930s and 1940s).
Originality/value – The paper ranks among the first to search for convergences between two fields
that seem firmly divided in both theoretical and institutional terms.
Keywords Critical management, Organizational theory, Management power
Paper type Conceptual paper
Introduction
Since the 1970s a field of organization studies has emerged that explicitly takes a
critical stance towards modern practices of management and organization and to
(what is constructed in this paper as) the “mainstream”[1] of scientific theory and
research on these practices (Grey and Willmott, 2005a). Given this dual purpose of
critiquing management and the studies thereof, this field has appropriately labeled
itself as critical management studies (CMS).
Although the field of CMS is not easily defined and demarcated, some common lines
of thought can be discerned. Put briefly, CMS scholars argue for a critical conception of
management “in which research is self-consciously motivated by an effort to discredit,
and ideally eliminate, forms of management and organization that have institutionalized
the opposition between the purposefulness of individuals and the seeming givenness
and narrow instrumentality of work-process relationships” (Alvesson and Willmott,
1992, p. 4). This givenness (or naturalness) of relationships needs to be critically
examined (or de-naturalized), because what is treated as natural or given often masks
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at
www.emeraldinsight.com/1934-8835.htm
The author thanks Jos Benders, Yvonne Benschop, Rene ten Bos, Hans Doorewaard,
Erik Poutsma, and the Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their critical (both with and
without capital C) and stimulating comments on earlier drafts of this paper.
IJOA
18,4
466
International Journal of
Organizational Analysis
Vol. 18 No. 4, 2010
pp. 466-478
q Emerald Group Publishing Limited
1934-88.
C IO Best Practices & Rubric ITJonathan Hujsak’s chapter on susta.docxhumphrieskalyn
C IO Best Practices & Rubric IT
Jonathan Hujsak’s chapter on “sustainability’ really tails Hugos closely as it does the previous chapter on green. Many of the arguments in both previous chapters are reincarnate in this chapter. I do not see much value in re-discussing electricity and the carbon footprint. I was struck by several aspects of this chapter. The author writes (187): “Information technology holds the promise of revolutionary improvements in global enterprise sustainability that will dramatically enhance enterprise agility, increase operational efficiency, and even turn cost centers into profit centers.” Several innovations in data management are reshaping the IT landscape. These are discussed in the chapter: server virtualization, storage virtualization, desktop virtualization, and the near future network virtualization. As an executive, the question raised by the chapter regarding virtualization as a sustainability strategy is less than a yes/no, but a when/how. We will ask ourselves, and discuss, the extent to which the virtualization of processing portends the removal of a dedicated IT staff. We will discuss the extent to which the CIO is no longer the manager of a dedicated expert staff, but fully engaged in vendor management and service oversight. Finally we should ask ourselves the extent to which bricks and mortar will even define the corporation as an entity. The corporation, or at least its administrative wing, is more of an abstract. Does it matter if the processing engine of your corporate data is in Bangladesh or Nairobi? Does it matter what flag the vendor’s employees salute or what god they worship? Once we have achieved global network infrastructure stability and redundancy, we may find ourselves seriously questioning our understanding of “corporation” or even employment.
Read the articles to answer the question. Please No Plagiarism or Verbatim but you MUST use a lot of quotes from the articles.
Academy ol Managwneni Review. 1989. VoL 14. No. i, S7-7i
Agency Theory: An Assessment
and Review
KATHLEEN M. EISENHARDT
Stanford University
Agency theory is an important, yet controversial, theory. This paper
reviews agency theory, its contributions to organization theory, and
the extant empirical work and develops testable propositions. The
conclusions are that agency theory (a) offers unique insight into in-
formation systems, outcome uncertainty, incentives, and risk and (b)
is an empirically valid perspective, particularly when coupled with
complementary perspectives. The principal recommendation is to in-
corporate an agency perspective in studies of the many problems
having a cooperative structure.
One day Deng Xiaoping decided to take his
grandson to visit Mao. "Call me granduncle,"
Mao offered warmly. "Oh, 1 certainly couldn't
do that. Chairman Mao," the awe-struck child
replied. "Why don't you give him an apple?"
suggested Deng. No sooner had Mao done so
than the boy happily chirped, "Oh thank you.
Grandunc ...
1
Organizational Theory
Organizational Theory
Abstract
Multiple theories determine understanding human behavior in an organizational setting through the study of organizational behavior. The organizational theories influence the understanding and interpretation of different behaviors and how the knowledge is used to establish better operational efficiency.
I. Introduction
Organizational theory is the study of organizational structure and analysis of its productivity and performance. Organizational theories are multiple aspects that contribute to understanding human behavior in an organization (Baum & Haveman, 2020). Business analysts and researchers understand the importance of social relationships among structures and employees that encourage productivity.
II. Findings
A. Primary Organizational Theories
The different organizational theories explain how supervisors and managers should address leadership responsibilities and ensure productivity in their organizations.
i. Classical Theory
The classical theory explains the division of tasks in the most effective and efficient way based on professional dynamics. The theory is important in helping the organization create the most beneficial structures which assist the company in achieving its goals. Classical theory is based on four principles; division of labor, scalar and functional processes, structure, and span of control.
ii. Neo-classical Theory
The neo-classical theory emphasizes on psychological and emotional components of people's behavior where factors like leadership, cooperation, and morale contribute to habits and behaviors. According to the theory, social acceptance and a sense of belonging are important for positive performance, and leaders should work on employees' interpersonal skills.
iii. Modern Theory
The modern theory involves interactions between people within an organization and surroundings and members' interpersonal interactions. The theory uses mathematical and statistical information in decision-making while ensuring employee happiness and satisfaction.
iv. Contingency Theory
The theory argues that there is no one right way to make a decision. According to Herbert, employees at higher levels make the most impactful decisions, although decisions are made at all levels of the organization (Francescato & Aber, 2015). The choices made depend on internal and external factors as they differ from one organization to the other.
v. Motivation Theory
The motivation theory involves studying what drives and inspires people to work towards their goals. When the management motivates employees correctly, they work accurately and productively. The theory aims at increasing company productivity because employees are encouraged to work efficiently.
vi. Open System Theory
The theory discusses an organization's environment and argues that the environment influences how a business performs. The impact on the organization might be from specific factors such as d ...
Reflective decisions the use ofSocratic dialogue in managin.docxsodhi3
Reflective decisions: the use of
Socratic dialogue in managing
organizational change
Rosemary Skordoulis and Patrick Dawson
University of Aberdeen Business School, Aberdeen, UK
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that too often decisions concerning change are made
on the basis of partial understanding, limited data and unreflective assumptions about people and
organizations. In the discussion of the Socratic dialogue the aim is to uncover a useful method for
ensuring more reflective decision making that involves active participation of employees on the
receiving end of change.
Design/methodology/approach – Although dialogue is used in management processes today, it is
contended that the Socratic dialogue is particularly useful in making sense of complex change
processes. Data drawn from research conducted in two UK higher education institutions are used to
illustrate how lack of knowledge and understanding often pervades and constrains change, and how
techniques of Socratic dialogue can be used to secure higher levels of employee involvement and
commitment to change.
Findings – It is argued that Socratic dialogue can be used as a practical tool to facilitate
“participative” change and contend that further research is required to develop the use of this method
as a qualitative research instrument for uncovering data on processes of change in organizations.
Originality/value – If practised consistently by organizational members, the Socratic techniques
can lead to a more concrete understanding of the complexities of changing organizations. It is a
collective process of change through critical questioning and, as such, it lends itself to further
exploration on the part of both change managers and qualitative researchers for its uses as a
diagnostic and research instrument.
Keywords Organizational change, Employee attitudes, Employee involvement, Decision making
Paper type Research paper
Introduction
Initiating, implementing - and more importantly – sustaining change, has undoubtedly
become one of the most critical factors affecting business organizations (see, Burnes,
2004; Caldwell, 2006; Dawson, 2003; Gallos, 2006; Tushman and Anderson, 2004) and
the enabling and/or disabling factors connected with change implementation projects
have been studied and documented in various ways (see for example, Block, 1987;
Buchanan and Boddy, 1992; Cooper and Sawaf, 1997; Guest and King, 2001; Pfeffer,
1982). Many commentators focus on issues such as, communication or committed
leadership as the vehicle for ensuring effective change (see for example, Hamel, 2000;
Tourish and Hargie, 2003). Despite the efforts involved, an estimated 50-70 per cent of
re-engineering projects fail to achieve their intended objectives (Hammer and Champy,
1993) and less than one third of the USA and British companies engaged in Total
Quality Management (TQM) reported tangible performance benefits (Askenas et al.,
1995). Harvard’s John Kotter, in a stu ...
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Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.