This document provides a detailed study of various vaccines currently available, including their types and specific examples. It describes how vaccines work to stimulate the immune system and lists vaccines for diseases such as measles, polio, hepatitis, and more, along with their storage requirements. The information emphasizes the importance of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases in humans and animals.

1. Prepared By
MARTIN SHAJI
PHARM D
VACCINES-
A detailed study on vaccines which are available now

2. VACCINES- a brief description
• A vaccine is a medical preparation given to provide immunity from a disease.
• Vaccines use a variety of different substances ranging from dead microorganisms to genetically
engineered antigens to defend the body against potentially harmful microorganisms.
• Effective vaccines change the immune system by promoting the development of antibodies that can
quickly and effectively attack disease-causing microorganisms when it enters the body, preventing disease
development.
• A vaccine may contain live-attenuated or killed microorganisms or parts or products from them capable of
stimulating a specific immune response comprised of protective antibodies and T cell immunity.
• A vaccine should stimulate a sufficient number of memory T and B lymphocytes to yield effector T cells
and antibody-producing B cells from memory cells.
• The viral vaccines should also be able to stimulate high titers of neutralizing antibodies.
• Injection of a vaccine into a nonimmune subject induces active immunity against the modified pathogens.
• Vaccination is immunization against infectious disease through the administration of vaccines for the
production of active (protective) immunity in humans or other animals.

3. • There are 4 main types of vaccines:
• Live Attenuated vaccines (LAV)
• Inactivated vaccines (Killed Antigen)
• Subunit and Conjugate Vaccines (Purified Antigen)
• Toxoid vaccines (Inactivated Toxins)
VACCINES

4. • LIVE VACCINES
• Vaccine (smallpox)
• Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR combined vaccine)
• Varicella (chickenpox)
• Influenza (nasal spray)
• Rotavirus
• Zoster (shingles)
• Yellow fever
• BCG vaccine
• Typhoid (oral)
• Polio (oral)
VACCINES

5. • KILLED / INACTIVE VACCINES
• Poliomyelitis (IPV)
• Hepatitis A
• Rabies
• Hepatitis B
• Influenza
• Diptheria toxoid
• Meningitis (ACWY)
• Pertussis
• Pneumonia
• Typhoid ( injectable)
• Tetanus toxoid
VACCINES

6. • Subunit and Conjugate Vaccines (Purified Antigen)
• Hepatitis B
• Influenza (injection)
• Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib)
• Pertussis (part of DTaP combined immunization)
• Pneumococcal
• Meningococcal
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• These subunit vaccines are composed of antigens
purified from microbes which are usually administered
with an adjuvant.
VACCINES

7. • Toxoid vaccines (Inactivated Toxins)
• Diphtheria , tetanus( part of DTaP combined immunization)
• (Toxoid vaccines use a toxin (harmful product) made by
the germ that causes a disease.
• They create immunity to the parts of the germ that
cause a disease instead of the germ itself.)
VACCINES

8. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; varicella ( chicken pox ) vaccine
BRAND NAME ; varivax, varilrix
INDICATION ;
For active immunization and prevention of varicella individuals 12 months
of age and older
STORAGE ;between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

9. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; papilloma virus vaccine
BRAND NAME ; Gardasil , cervarix
INDICATION ;indicated in girls and women 9 -26 years of age for the
prevention of the following disease caused by human papilloma virus (HPV)
types included in the vaccine .
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

10. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; hepatitis A Vaccine
BRAND NAME ; havrix1440, havirix junior 720
•INDICATION ; All children aged 12–23 months.
•Unvaccinated children and adolescents aged 2–18 years.
•International travelers.
•Men who have sex with men.
•People who use injection or non-injection drugs.
•People who have occupational risk for infection.
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

11. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; diphtheria and tetanus toxoid vaccine and acellular
pertussis vaccine ( DTAp)
BRAND NAME ; infanrix
INDICATION ; The tetanus and diphtheria toxoids
vaccine (also called Td) is used to help prevent these diseases
in adults and children who are at least 7 years old.
This vaccine works by exposing you to a small dose of the
bacteria or a protein from the bacteria, which causes the body
to develop immunity to the disease
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree
Celsius

12. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; rabies vaccine
BRAND NAME ; rabavert, rabipur
INDICATION ; to protect those who are at risk of exposure
to rabies, i.e. preexposure vaccination; to prevent the
development of clinical rabies after exposure has occurred,
usually following the bite of an animal suspected of
having rabies, i.e. post-exposure prophylaxis
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

13. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR combined
vaccine)
BRAND NAME ; priorix textra , proquad
INDICATION ; for the prevention of measles , mumps , rubella and
varicella in children 12 months through 12 years of age
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree
Celsius

14. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids,
acellular pertussis, hepatitis B (recombinant), inactivated
poliomyelitis, and adsorbed conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b
vaccine
BRAND NAME ; infarix hexa
INDICATION ; Infanrix hexa is indicated for primary and booster
vaccination of infants and toddlers against diphtheria, tetanus,
pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and disease caused by
Haemophilus influenzae type b.
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

15. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; BCG vaccine
BRAND NAME ; Tice BCG, Tice BCG Vaccine, TheraCys
INDICATION ; BCG VACCINE (TICE® strain) is indicated for the
prevention of tuberculosis in persons not previously infected
with M. tuberculosis who are at high risk for exposure. As with
any vaccine, immunization with BCG VACCINE may not protect
100% of susceptible individuals.
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree
Celsius

16. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; meningococcal vaccine ,all types
BRAND NAME ; menactra
INDICATION ; for active immunization to prevent invasive
meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitis serogroups A,C,Y and
W-135. Menactra is approved for use in individuals 9 months through 55
years of age . Menactra does not prevent serogroup B disease.
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

17. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; influenza vaccine
BRAND NAME ; fluarix quadrivalent , vaxigrip tetra
INDICATION ;6 months of age and older for the prevention of disease
caused by influenza a subtype viruses and type b viruses contained in the
vaccine .
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

18. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; oral polio vaccine
BRAND NAME ; -------------------------------------
INDICATION ; for poliomyelitis routine immunization activities in
children from 0-5 years of age , to interrupt type 1&type 3 poliovirus
transmission.
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

19. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; pneumococcal vaccine
BRAND NAME ; pneumovax
INDICATION ; Pneumococcal vaccine is used for prevention of
pneumonia. This pneumococcal vaccine contains chemicals
(polysaccharides) extracted from 23 types of Streptococcus
pneumonia bacteria. Upon injecting pneumococcal vaccine, our
body recognizes these chemical as foreign and produces
antibodies to destroy the chemicals.
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

20. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; hepatitis B vaccine
BRAND NAME ; engerix B ( adult, junior)
INDICATION ;infection cause by all subtypes of hepatitis B virus
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

21. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; typhoid and paratyphoid vaccine
BRAND NAME ;typhim vi
INDICATION ; prevention of typhoid fever caused by s. typhi and is
approved for use in persons 2 years of age or older.
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

22. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; yellow fever vaccine
BRAND NAME ; stamaril
INDICATION ; Yellow fever can cause fever and flu-like illness,
jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin), liver failure,
respiratory failure, kidney failure, vomiting of blood, and
possibly death. The yellow fever vaccine is used to help prevent
this disease in adults and children who are at least 9 months
old.
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

23. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; rotavirus vaccine ( oral, live, atteneuted vaccine)
BRAND NAME ; rotarix , rota teq
INDICATION ; This vaccine is used to prevent a certain
virus infection (rotavirus) in infants and young children.
Rotavirus can cause fever, vomiting, and diarrhea.
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

24. VACCINES
VACCINE NAME; tetanus vaccine
BRAND NAME ; tetavex
INDICATION ; This vaccine is given to provide protection
(immunity) against tetanus (lockjaw) in adults and children 7
years or older. Vaccination is the best way to protect against
this life-threatening disease. Vaccines work by causing the body
to produce its own protection (antibodies).
STORAGE ; between 2 degree Celsius and 8 degree Celsius

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