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The document provides various rules of thumb and cost assumptions for energy conservation, waste minimization, and typical operating costs. It includes estimates for the costs of electricity, natural gas, labor hours, steam leaks, compressed air leaks, evaporative cooling towers, motor operation, heat loss through uninsulated pipes, insulation installation, heating and cooling, combustion efficiency, fuel switching, demand reduction, ventilation requirements, lighting costs, average disposal costs, and paint transfer efficiencies for different painting methods.
![Useful Rules of Thumb for Energy Conservation and Waste Minimization Assumptions: Electricity: $0.05 / kWh Natural Gas: $0.350 / ccf Manhours: 2,000 hours / year/ shift ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],$0.24 $0.52 Texas $0.35 $0.30 Tennessee $0.26 $0.12 Michigan Comfort Heating Costs (per ft 2 /year) Comfort Cooling Costs (per ft 2 / year)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/Thumbrules-123471995832-phpapp01/85/Thumbrules-1-320.jpg)
![This fact sheet was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PaDEP.) Neither the PaDEP, these participants nor the organizations listed herein, nor any person on behalf of any of the organizations mentioned herein: makes any warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this document or that such use may not infringe privately owned rights; or assumes any liability with respect to the use of, or damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method or process disclosed in this document Reference : Office of Industrial Productivity & Energy Assessment, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, “Useful Rules of Thumb for Energy Conservation and Waste Minimization,” July 9, 1996 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],15. Average Cost of Lighting 16. Average Disposal Costs 40 450 45.0 400W Mercury Vapor 63 455 45.5 400W Metal Halide 97 465 46.5 400W High Press. Sodium 100 80 8.0 8-ft. High Output E.E. Flour (T8) w/ Elec. Ballast 65 129 12.9 8-ft. High Output Flour (t12) w/ Magnetic Ballast 102 53 5.3 8-ft. E. E. Flour. (T8) w/ Elec. Ballast 70 88 8.8 8-ft Std. Flour. (T12) w/ Magnetic Ballast 83 31 3.1 4-ft. E. E. Flour (T8) w/ Elec. Ballast 58 46 4.6 4-ft Std. Flour. (T12) w/ Magnetic Ballast Light Output (Lumens / Watt) Bulb Wattage Annual Cost ($ / bulb / shift / year Lighting Type 165 100 250 550 250 550 Incineration (liquid) Landfill (Non-hazardous) Landfill (Hazardous) Incinerations (Sludges, Greases, Debris and Solids) Rags and Debris (Uncompacted) Corrosives Disposal Cost ($ / 55 gal. drum) Disposal Substance 30 – 60 65 – 75 65 – 85 85 – 95 90 – 99 90 - 98 Conventional air atomized spray Conventional pressure ataomized spray Electrostatic air atomized spray Electrostatic centrifugal atomized spary Powder Coating Roller / Flow Coating Transfer Efficiency (%) Painting Method](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)