An FPGA is described as a reconfigurable integrated circuit containing an array of logic blocks and programmable interconnects. The document discusses an FPGA's architecture, including configurable logic blocks and routing resources. It also provides VHDL code for an 8-bit ALU implementation on an FPGA, including a process to handle data display on an LCD screen.
This document discusses considerations for applying FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays) in industrial applications. It presents a systematic approach for evaluating hardware platforms that involves identifying relevant hardware attributes and features. The document then evaluates several key hardware attributes of FPGAs, including their performance and functional range enabled by dedicated resources like multipliers and memory blocks. It also discusses FPGAs' marketability in terms of costs, time to market, and ability to be reprogrammed after production.
DESIGN APPROACH FOR FAULT TOLERANCE IN FPGA ARCHITECTUREVLSICS Design
Failures of nano-metric technologies owing to defects and shrinking process tolerances give rise to significant challenges for IC testing. In recent years the application space of reconfigurable devices has grown to include many platforms with a strong need for fault tolerance. While these systems frequently contain hardware redundancy to allow for continued operation in the presence of operational faults, the need to recover faulty hardware and return it to full functionality quickly and efficiently is great. In addition to providing functional density, FPGAs provide a level of fault tolerance generally not found in mask-programmable devices by including the capability to reconfigure around operational faults in the field. Reliability and process variability are serious issues for FPGAs in the future. With advancement in process technology, the feature size is decreasing which leads to higher defect densities, more sophisticated techniques at increased costs are required to avoid defects. If nano-technology fabrication are applied the yield may go down to zero as avoiding defect during fabrication will not be a feasible option Hence, feature architecture have to be defect tolerant. In regular structure like FPGA, redundancy is commonly used for fault tolerance. In this work we present a solution in which configuration bit-stream of FPGA is modified by a hardware controller that is present on the chip itself. The technique uses redundant device for replacing faulty device and increases the yield.
A LIGHT WEIGHT VLSI FRAME WORK FOR HIGHT CIPHER ON FPGAIRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of a lightweight VLSI design for the HIGHT cipher on an FPGA. It begins with an introduction to lightweight VLSI architecture and its applications in low-resource devices. It then provides background on the HIGHT cipher and discusses prior work implementing cryptographic algorithms on FPGAs. The document goes on to describe the proposed VLSI design for the HIGHT cipher, which is optimized for size, power, and speed. It achieves a throughput of 25 Mbps with an encryption/decryption delay of 0.64 ms. Evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness and suitability of the design for low-power applications.
The Boolean expression at TP1 with respect to the corresponding inputs is:
TP1 = A + B
Question 2.
Question :
(TCO 3) Determine the Boolean expression at TP2 with respect to the corresponding inputs.
Student Answer:
TP2 = C
Instructor Explanation:
Correct. TP2 is simply the input C, so the Boolean expression is C.
Question 3.
Question :
(TCO 3) Determine the Boolean expression at TP3 with respect to the corresponding inputs.
Student Answer:
TP3 = A·C + B
Instructor Explanation:
Correct. TP3 is the output of an AND gate (A and C
Implementation of CAN on FPGA for Security Evaluation PurposeIRJET Journal
This document describes the implementation of a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus on an FPGA for the purpose of evaluating security measures. It discusses how implementing CAN on an FPGA-based testbed allows for faster development and evaluation of cryptographic algorithms and other security primitives for securing CAN communications compared to using a real vehicle. The testbed design uses a Xilinx Zynq SoC with a modified OpenCores SJA1000 CAN controller in the programmable logic interfaced to a CAN transceiver. A Linux system is built on the processing system for application development and interfacing with the CAN controller to test security measures for the CAN bus.
HIGH PERFORMANCE ETHERNET PACKET PROCESSOR CORE FOR NEXT GENERATION NETWORKSijngnjournal
As the demand for high speed Internet significantly increasing to meet the requirement of large data transfers, real-time communication and High Definition ( HD) multimedia transfer over IP, the IP based network products architecture must evolve and change. Application specific processors require high
performance, low power and high degree of programmability is the limitation in many general processor based applications. This paper describes the design of Ethernet packet processor for system-on-chip (SoC) which performs all core packet processing functions, including segmentation and reassembly, packetization classification, route and queue management which will speedup switching/routing performance making it
more suitable for Next Generation Networks (NGN). Ethernet packet processor design can be configured for use with multiple projects targeted to a FPGA device the system is designed to support 1/10/20/40/100 Gigabit links with a speed and performance advantage. VHDL has been used to implement and simulated the required functions in FPGA
IRJET- A Review- FPGA based Architectures for Image Capturing Consequently Pr...IRJET Journal
This document presents a review of FPGA-based architectures for image capturing, processing, and display using a VGA monitor. It discusses using the Xilinx AccelDSP tool to develop the system on a Spartan 3E FPGA. The AccelDSP tool allows converting a MATLAB design into HDL for implementation on the FPGA. It summarizes the FPGA-based system architecture, which includes units for initialization, data transfer, image processing, and memory management. It then outlines the Xilinx AccelDSP design flow, which verifies the functionality at each stage of converting the floating-point MATLAB model to a fixed-point hardware implementation on the FPGA. The goal is to accelerate image processing applications using the parallel
An FPGA is described as a reconfigurable integrated circuit containing an array of logic blocks and programmable interconnects. The document discusses an FPGA's architecture, including configurable logic blocks and routing resources. It also provides VHDL code for an 8-bit ALU implementation on an FPGA, including a process to handle data display on an LCD screen.
This document discusses considerations for applying FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays) in industrial applications. It presents a systematic approach for evaluating hardware platforms that involves identifying relevant hardware attributes and features. The document then evaluates several key hardware attributes of FPGAs, including their performance and functional range enabled by dedicated resources like multipliers and memory blocks. It also discusses FPGAs' marketability in terms of costs, time to market, and ability to be reprogrammed after production.
DESIGN APPROACH FOR FAULT TOLERANCE IN FPGA ARCHITECTUREVLSICS Design
Failures of nano-metric technologies owing to defects and shrinking process tolerances give rise to significant challenges for IC testing. In recent years the application space of reconfigurable devices has grown to include many platforms with a strong need for fault tolerance. While these systems frequently contain hardware redundancy to allow for continued operation in the presence of operational faults, the need to recover faulty hardware and return it to full functionality quickly and efficiently is great. In addition to providing functional density, FPGAs provide a level of fault tolerance generally not found in mask-programmable devices by including the capability to reconfigure around operational faults in the field. Reliability and process variability are serious issues for FPGAs in the future. With advancement in process technology, the feature size is decreasing which leads to higher defect densities, more sophisticated techniques at increased costs are required to avoid defects. If nano-technology fabrication are applied the yield may go down to zero as avoiding defect during fabrication will not be a feasible option Hence, feature architecture have to be defect tolerant. In regular structure like FPGA, redundancy is commonly used for fault tolerance. In this work we present a solution in which configuration bit-stream of FPGA is modified by a hardware controller that is present on the chip itself. The technique uses redundant device for replacing faulty device and increases the yield.
A LIGHT WEIGHT VLSI FRAME WORK FOR HIGHT CIPHER ON FPGAIRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of a lightweight VLSI design for the HIGHT cipher on an FPGA. It begins with an introduction to lightweight VLSI architecture and its applications in low-resource devices. It then provides background on the HIGHT cipher and discusses prior work implementing cryptographic algorithms on FPGAs. The document goes on to describe the proposed VLSI design for the HIGHT cipher, which is optimized for size, power, and speed. It achieves a throughput of 25 Mbps with an encryption/decryption delay of 0.64 ms. Evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness and suitability of the design for low-power applications.
The Boolean expression at TP1 with respect to the corresponding inputs is:
TP1 = A + B
Question 2.
Question :
(TCO 3) Determine the Boolean expression at TP2 with respect to the corresponding inputs.
Student Answer:
TP2 = C
Instructor Explanation:
Correct. TP2 is simply the input C, so the Boolean expression is C.
Question 3.
Question :
(TCO 3) Determine the Boolean expression at TP3 with respect to the corresponding inputs.
Student Answer:
TP3 = A·C + B
Instructor Explanation:
Correct. TP3 is the output of an AND gate (A and C
Implementation of CAN on FPGA for Security Evaluation PurposeIRJET Journal
This document describes the implementation of a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus on an FPGA for the purpose of evaluating security measures. It discusses how implementing CAN on an FPGA-based testbed allows for faster development and evaluation of cryptographic algorithms and other security primitives for securing CAN communications compared to using a real vehicle. The testbed design uses a Xilinx Zynq SoC with a modified OpenCores SJA1000 CAN controller in the programmable logic interfaced to a CAN transceiver. A Linux system is built on the processing system for application development and interfacing with the CAN controller to test security measures for the CAN bus.
HIGH PERFORMANCE ETHERNET PACKET PROCESSOR CORE FOR NEXT GENERATION NETWORKSijngnjournal
As the demand for high speed Internet significantly increasing to meet the requirement of large data transfers, real-time communication and High Definition ( HD) multimedia transfer over IP, the IP based network products architecture must evolve and change. Application specific processors require high
performance, low power and high degree of programmability is the limitation in many general processor based applications. This paper describes the design of Ethernet packet processor for system-on-chip (SoC) which performs all core packet processing functions, including segmentation and reassembly, packetization classification, route and queue management which will speedup switching/routing performance making it
more suitable for Next Generation Networks (NGN). Ethernet packet processor design can be configured for use with multiple projects targeted to a FPGA device the system is designed to support 1/10/20/40/100 Gigabit links with a speed and performance advantage. VHDL has been used to implement and simulated the required functions in FPGA
IRJET- A Review- FPGA based Architectures for Image Capturing Consequently Pr...IRJET Journal
This document presents a review of FPGA-based architectures for image capturing, processing, and display using a VGA monitor. It discusses using the Xilinx AccelDSP tool to develop the system on a Spartan 3E FPGA. The AccelDSP tool allows converting a MATLAB design into HDL for implementation on the FPGA. It summarizes the FPGA-based system architecture, which includes units for initialization, data transfer, image processing, and memory management. It then outlines the Xilinx AccelDSP design flow, which verifies the functionality at each stage of converting the floating-point MATLAB model to a fixed-point hardware implementation on the FPGA. The goal is to accelerate image processing applications using the parallel
Softmax function is an integral part of object detection frameworks based on most deep or shallow neural
networks. While the configuration of different operation layers in a neural network can be quite different,
softmax operation is fixed. With the recent advances in object detection approaches, especially with the
introduction of highly accurate convolutional neural networks, researchers and developers have suggested
different hardware architectures to speed up the overall operation of these compute-intensive algorithms.
Xilinx, one of the leading FPGA vendors, has recently introduced a deep neural network development kit for
exactly this purpose. However, due to the complex nature of softmax arithmetic hardware involving
exponential function, this functionality is only available for bigger devices. For smaller devices, this operation is
bound to be implemented in software. In this paper, a light-weight hardware implementation of this function
has been proposed which does not require too many logic resources when implemented on an FPGA device.
The proposed design is based on the analysis of the statistical properties of a custom convolutional neural
network when used for classification on a standard dataset i.e. CIFAR-10. Specifically, instead of using a brute
force approach to design a generic full precision arithmetic circuit for SoftMax function using real numbers, an
approximate integer-only design has been suggested for the limited range of operands encountered in realworld
scenario. The approximate circuit uses fewer logic resources since it involves computing only a few
iterations of the series expansion of exponential function. However, despite using fewer iterations, the function
has been shown to work as good as the full precision circuit for classification and leads to only minimal error
being introduced in the associated probabilities. The circuit has been synthesized using Hardware Description
Language (HDL) Coder and Vision HDL toolboxes in Simulink® by Mathworks® which provide higher level
abstraction of image processing and machine learning algorithms for quick deployment on a variety of target
hardware. The final design has been implemented on a Xilinx FPGA development board i.e. Zedboard which
contains the necessary hardware components such as USB, Ethernet and HDMI interfaces etc. to implement a
fully working system capable of processing a machine learning application in real-time.
Programmable logic controller performance enhancement by field programmable g...ISA Interchange
This document proposes designing a programmable logic controller (PLC) using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to improve performance. The FPGA implementation allows for parallel execution of logic compared to a typical microprocessor-based PLC. A GUI is developed in Visual Basic to program ladder logic into the FPGA by transmitting hex codes representing the logic. The proposed design architecture includes 4 rungs that can each contain up to 16 components. Simulation results demonstrate the FPGA-based PLC functioning for typical logic and alarm applications.
Selective fitting strategy based real time placement algorithm for dynamicall...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document provides a summary of Tieng D. Nguyen's experience and qualifications as a Principal Hardware/FPGA Engineer. Over his career, Nguyen has led numerous hardware design projects involving FPGAs, PCB design, signal integrity, and power distribution. Recent experience includes helping to redesign parts of a robotic surgical machine to meet safety standards and improve performance. Nguyen has extensive experience with FPGA design processes, high-speed PCB design, and managing hardware engineering teams.
A design of FPGA based intelligent data handling interfacing card.IJERA Editor
With the increasing demand in the custom built logic for avionics systems, FPGA is used in this proposed interfacing card design. This FPGA based intelligent data handling card (IDHC) for the IVHM system, will interface the data from aircraft subsystems to the aircraft digital data bus. This IDHC interfacing card is based on the Virtex-5 FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), which provides flexibility by re-programming, so that it can be configured to the required functionality. Fault detection can be done within the FPGA and only the anomalies passed to the computer, so that the bus bandwidth can be utilized effectively and also excessive wiring can be eliminated, that would have been required for multiple individual systems. The work concentrates on designing the schematic using OrCAD.
Design and Implementing Novel Independent Real-Time Software Programmable DAQ...Editor IJCATR
The crucial features of many demanding applications like industry and aerospace are data acquisition and telemetry. It is
vital to observe and analyse the real time performance, in launch vehicle systems,so that designs can be certified and tuneablefactors
could be regulated to intensification the act and competence. At present used DAQ structures are of augmented size, weight and turn out
to be exorbitant and power hungry. This article introduce a new mission-independent real time software programmable DAQ system
using multipurpose MCU and sigma delta ADCs are planned,taking into account size, weight, costand act without compromiseon
precision, firmness and drift act. Additional digital filtering steps are also added to progress the system act. This system isproficientfor
directconnectionswithdiverse pressure and temperature sensors whichinterfaces 32 low frequency channel and two high frequency
channels. The system planned operates in two modes; one is data acquisition mode and another is program mode. Operativepower
lesseningmethods and wireless interface protocol between diverse data acquisition modules is also affected upon as avenues for future
work.
Secure remote protocol for fpga reconfigurationeSAT Journals
Abstract In most of the wireless sensor network nodes main functionality in software are implemented using CPU. Since total energy consumption of periodic measurement and network listening are considerably increased. In order to tackle this problem novel reconfigurable peripheral blocks are introduced into the WSN. For ultra-low-power sensor networks, finite state machines are used for simple tasks where the system’s microprocessor would be overqualified. This FSM unit autonomously handles simple sub-tasks of the periodic activities, Microprocessor to remain in a sleep state, thus saving energy. This work presents for implementing transition based reconfigurable FSM Keywords: - Finite State Machine (FSM), Reconfiguration, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses two methods for diagnosing faulty logic blocks in FPGA fabrics: the algebraic logic method and vector-logical method. The algebraic logic method is more useful for processing sparse fault tables with fewer than 20% 1s values, as it reduces the fault table size and simplifies computations to generate sum-of-products expressions to diagnose issues. The method involves removing rows and columns with all 0s, then constructing product-of-sums terms for each 1 in the response vector and converting to sum-of-products form. The vector-logical method is better for dense fault tables with many 1s, as it can more easily analyze tables where 1s predominate over 0s. Both methods aim to localize
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Smartphone fpga based balloon payload using cots componentseSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper describes a low cost architecture of multi sensor remote sensing balloon payload design for prototyping student’s micro-satellite payload project. Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) components are being used to implement the payload instrumentation. COTS components provide high processing performance, low power consumption, high reliability, low cost and are easily available. The main architecture of the system consists of commercially available Smartphone, FPGA (field-programmable gate-array) and microcontroller connected together along with sensors and telemetry systems.
Presently available smart phones are combination of multiple advanced sensors, different communication channels, powerful operating system and multi-core processors with large non-volatile memory. This also supports high resolution imaging devices for remote sensing application. The smart phone is interfaced to a microcontroller to expand its I/O to interface sensors and FPGA. FPGA supported high speed onboard parallel processing needs and complex controls. Flexible configurations for data acquisition system is provided using built-in A/D converters, counters and timers available in FPGA and microcontroller. The proposed system is an experimental balloon payload for monitoring atmospheric parameters like temperature, humidity, air pollution etc. This can also monitor city traffic, agricultural field and city landscape for security and surveillance.
Keywords: Tethered Balloon, Sensors, Payload, Smartphone, FPGA, Microcontroller
This document compares FPGAs and microcontrollers. FPGAs can provide much higher performance per watt than microcontrollers due to their ability to perform thousands of calculations per clock cycle. However, microcontrollers are better suited for floating point calculations and have an advantage for tasks that require dynamic parallelism. FPGAs are well-suited for problems that can be parallelized, while microcontrollers may be preferable for unpredictable tasks. Both device types have pros and cons related to factors like power usage, programming difficulty, cost, and interfaces. The selection depends on the specific application requirements and developer resources.
This document summarizes a research paper about new techniques to enhance security in FPGA-based systems. It discusses how FPGA bitstreams can be copied, allowing unauthorized use of intellectual property. The paper proposes using control words to configure FPGA lookup tables, making the system functionality dependent on the control word provided. This reduces hardware complexity compared to encryption methods, while still providing security against bitstream copying if the correct control word is unknown. The technique also allows runtime reconfiguration by changing the control word, an advantage over conventional encrypted FPGA systems.
This document discusses techniques to enhance security in FPGA-based systems. It begins by describing the basic architecture of FPGAs, including their programmable logic blocks and interconnects. It then discusses the main security concern with FPGAs, which is the copying or cloning of the configuration bitstream. Several threat and defense models are proposed to address this issue. Finally, a new technique is proposed to enhance the security of FPGA-based systems against bitstream cloning attacks.
1) The document describes an FPGA-based modular and generic automated test equipment (ATE) designed for testing a digital beam forming (DBF) unit.
2) The ATE uses a multi-FPGA, multi-card solution to emulate radar components like receivers and transmitters and test the DBF system at full operating speeds.
3) The ATE architecture is modular and scalable, allowing it to test DBF systems with varying numbers of receivers through reconfiguration of the FPGA designs.
A Survey on System-On-Chip Bus ProtocolsIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of various on-chip bus protocols used in system-on-chips (SoCs) for communication between devices, including Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C), Improved Inter-Integrated Circuit (I3C), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART), and Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe). It discusses the implementation and applications of these bus protocols, as well as enhancements like I3C that improve upon I2C. The document also reviews related work analyzing the implementation and comparison of bus protocols like I2C and SPI.
In this paper, proposed a novel implementation of a Soft-Core system using
micro-blaze processor with virtex-5 FPGA. Till now Hard-Core processors are used in
FPGA processor cores. Hard cores are a fixed gate-level IP functions within the FPGA
fabrics. Now the proposed processor is Soft-Core Processor, this is a microprocessor fully
described in software, usually in an HDL. This can be implemented by using EDK tool. In
this paper, developed a system which is having a micro-blaze processor is the combination
of both hardware & Software. By using this system, user can control and communicate all
the peripherals which are in the supported board by using Xilinx platform to develop an
embedded system. Implementing of Soft-Core process system with different peripherals like
UART interface, SPA flash interface, SRAM interface has to be designed using Xilinx
Embedded Development Kit (EDK) tools.
The document discusses Brocade's network solutions for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems. Brocade provides solutions throughout the ISR architecture, including at signal acquisition points, base ground stations for signal distribution, and client data centers. At signal acquisition points, Brocade's switches can be deployed in ruggedized environments and provide effective and economical operation. At base ground stations, Brocade routers efficiently handle multicast traffic distribution to client data centers. Brocade also offers flexible data center solutions for processing large amounts of ingested data at client sites.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
For this Portfolio Project, you will write a paper about John A.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this Portfolio Project, you will write a paper about "John Adams" as well as any event in U.S. history that is relevant to your major area of study or of interest to you. You will write about John Adams from the perspective of another historical personality who lived at the same time as the person or event you are going to describe.
For your historical personality, try to select someone from an under-represented population (examples of possible perspectives include that of Anne Hutchinson, Pocahontas, or Sojourner Truth). This analysis is to make you think about how events/people’s actions were interpreted at the time.
Key Points::
Remember that you will be writing from the perspective of a historical person about another person or an event from a period of U.S. history up to Reconstruction. From your historical person’s perspective, provide a thorough summary of the person or event you’ve chosen to write about, including the incidents that took place and any key individuals involved or affected.
Address the general importance of the person or event in the context of U.S. history.
Now, explain specifically how the person or event changed “your” daily life—“you” being the historical persona you have adopted.
Think long-term: How will the person or the event you are describing make a long-term impact in the lives of people who are in the under-represented group to which your historical person/perspective belongs?
Paper Requirements:
Your paper must be four to six pages, not including the required references and title pages.
Use at least five sources, not including the textbook. Include a scholarly journal article. Include at least one
primary
source from those identified in the syllabus.
Definition of a Primary Source
: A primary source is any source, document or artifact that was created at the time of the event. It was usually created by someone who witnessed the event, lived during or even shortly afterwards, or somehow would have first-hand knowledge of that event. A secondary source, by contrast, is written by a historian or someone writing about the event after it happened.
Have an introduction and strong thesis statement. Make use of support and examples supporting your thesis
Finish with a forceful conclusion reiterating your main idea.
Format your paper according to the
CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA Requirements
(Links to an external site.)
.
.
For this portfolio assignment, you are required to research and anal.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this portfolio assignment, you are required to research and analyze a TV program that ran between 1955 and 1965.
To successfully complete this essay, you will need to answer the following questions:
What is the background of this show? Explain what years it was on TV, describe the channel it aired on, the main characters, setting, etc..
What social issues and historical events were taking place at the time the show was being broadcast?
Did these issues affect the television show in any way?
Did the television show make an impact on popular culture?
Your thesis for the essay should attempt to answer this question:
Explain the cultural relevance of the show, given the information gathered from the show's background, and cultural history. How can television act as a reflection of the social, political, and cultural current events?
.
Softmax function is an integral part of object detection frameworks based on most deep or shallow neural
networks. While the configuration of different operation layers in a neural network can be quite different,
softmax operation is fixed. With the recent advances in object detection approaches, especially with the
introduction of highly accurate convolutional neural networks, researchers and developers have suggested
different hardware architectures to speed up the overall operation of these compute-intensive algorithms.
Xilinx, one of the leading FPGA vendors, has recently introduced a deep neural network development kit for
exactly this purpose. However, due to the complex nature of softmax arithmetic hardware involving
exponential function, this functionality is only available for bigger devices. For smaller devices, this operation is
bound to be implemented in software. In this paper, a light-weight hardware implementation of this function
has been proposed which does not require too many logic resources when implemented on an FPGA device.
The proposed design is based on the analysis of the statistical properties of a custom convolutional neural
network when used for classification on a standard dataset i.e. CIFAR-10. Specifically, instead of using a brute
force approach to design a generic full precision arithmetic circuit for SoftMax function using real numbers, an
approximate integer-only design has been suggested for the limited range of operands encountered in realworld
scenario. The approximate circuit uses fewer logic resources since it involves computing only a few
iterations of the series expansion of exponential function. However, despite using fewer iterations, the function
has been shown to work as good as the full precision circuit for classification and leads to only minimal error
being introduced in the associated probabilities. The circuit has been synthesized using Hardware Description
Language (HDL) Coder and Vision HDL toolboxes in Simulink® by Mathworks® which provide higher level
abstraction of image processing and machine learning algorithms for quick deployment on a variety of target
hardware. The final design has been implemented on a Xilinx FPGA development board i.e. Zedboard which
contains the necessary hardware components such as USB, Ethernet and HDMI interfaces etc. to implement a
fully working system capable of processing a machine learning application in real-time.
Programmable logic controller performance enhancement by field programmable g...ISA Interchange
This document proposes designing a programmable logic controller (PLC) using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to improve performance. The FPGA implementation allows for parallel execution of logic compared to a typical microprocessor-based PLC. A GUI is developed in Visual Basic to program ladder logic into the FPGA by transmitting hex codes representing the logic. The proposed design architecture includes 4 rungs that can each contain up to 16 components. Simulation results demonstrate the FPGA-based PLC functioning for typical logic and alarm applications.
Selective fitting strategy based real time placement algorithm for dynamicall...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document provides a summary of Tieng D. Nguyen's experience and qualifications as a Principal Hardware/FPGA Engineer. Over his career, Nguyen has led numerous hardware design projects involving FPGAs, PCB design, signal integrity, and power distribution. Recent experience includes helping to redesign parts of a robotic surgical machine to meet safety standards and improve performance. Nguyen has extensive experience with FPGA design processes, high-speed PCB design, and managing hardware engineering teams.
A design of FPGA based intelligent data handling interfacing card.IJERA Editor
With the increasing demand in the custom built logic for avionics systems, FPGA is used in this proposed interfacing card design. This FPGA based intelligent data handling card (IDHC) for the IVHM system, will interface the data from aircraft subsystems to the aircraft digital data bus. This IDHC interfacing card is based on the Virtex-5 FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), which provides flexibility by re-programming, so that it can be configured to the required functionality. Fault detection can be done within the FPGA and only the anomalies passed to the computer, so that the bus bandwidth can be utilized effectively and also excessive wiring can be eliminated, that would have been required for multiple individual systems. The work concentrates on designing the schematic using OrCAD.
Design and Implementing Novel Independent Real-Time Software Programmable DAQ...Editor IJCATR
The crucial features of many demanding applications like industry and aerospace are data acquisition and telemetry. It is
vital to observe and analyse the real time performance, in launch vehicle systems,so that designs can be certified and tuneablefactors
could be regulated to intensification the act and competence. At present used DAQ structures are of augmented size, weight and turn out
to be exorbitant and power hungry. This article introduce a new mission-independent real time software programmable DAQ system
using multipurpose MCU and sigma delta ADCs are planned,taking into account size, weight, costand act without compromiseon
precision, firmness and drift act. Additional digital filtering steps are also added to progress the system act. This system isproficientfor
directconnectionswithdiverse pressure and temperature sensors whichinterfaces 32 low frequency channel and two high frequency
channels. The system planned operates in two modes; one is data acquisition mode and another is program mode. Operativepower
lesseningmethods and wireless interface protocol between diverse data acquisition modules is also affected upon as avenues for future
work.
Secure remote protocol for fpga reconfigurationeSAT Journals
Abstract In most of the wireless sensor network nodes main functionality in software are implemented using CPU. Since total energy consumption of periodic measurement and network listening are considerably increased. In order to tackle this problem novel reconfigurable peripheral blocks are introduced into the WSN. For ultra-low-power sensor networks, finite state machines are used for simple tasks where the system’s microprocessor would be overqualified. This FSM unit autonomously handles simple sub-tasks of the periodic activities, Microprocessor to remain in a sleep state, thus saving energy. This work presents for implementing transition based reconfigurable FSM Keywords: - Finite State Machine (FSM), Reconfiguration, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses two methods for diagnosing faulty logic blocks in FPGA fabrics: the algebraic logic method and vector-logical method. The algebraic logic method is more useful for processing sparse fault tables with fewer than 20% 1s values, as it reduces the fault table size and simplifies computations to generate sum-of-products expressions to diagnose issues. The method involves removing rows and columns with all 0s, then constructing product-of-sums terms for each 1 in the response vector and converting to sum-of-products form. The vector-logical method is better for dense fault tables with many 1s, as it can more easily analyze tables where 1s predominate over 0s. Both methods aim to localize
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Smartphone fpga based balloon payload using cots componentseSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper describes a low cost architecture of multi sensor remote sensing balloon payload design for prototyping student’s micro-satellite payload project. Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) components are being used to implement the payload instrumentation. COTS components provide high processing performance, low power consumption, high reliability, low cost and are easily available. The main architecture of the system consists of commercially available Smartphone, FPGA (field-programmable gate-array) and microcontroller connected together along with sensors and telemetry systems.
Presently available smart phones are combination of multiple advanced sensors, different communication channels, powerful operating system and multi-core processors with large non-volatile memory. This also supports high resolution imaging devices for remote sensing application. The smart phone is interfaced to a microcontroller to expand its I/O to interface sensors and FPGA. FPGA supported high speed onboard parallel processing needs and complex controls. Flexible configurations for data acquisition system is provided using built-in A/D converters, counters and timers available in FPGA and microcontroller. The proposed system is an experimental balloon payload for monitoring atmospheric parameters like temperature, humidity, air pollution etc. This can also monitor city traffic, agricultural field and city landscape for security and surveillance.
Keywords: Tethered Balloon, Sensors, Payload, Smartphone, FPGA, Microcontroller
This document compares FPGAs and microcontrollers. FPGAs can provide much higher performance per watt than microcontrollers due to their ability to perform thousands of calculations per clock cycle. However, microcontrollers are better suited for floating point calculations and have an advantage for tasks that require dynamic parallelism. FPGAs are well-suited for problems that can be parallelized, while microcontrollers may be preferable for unpredictable tasks. Both device types have pros and cons related to factors like power usage, programming difficulty, cost, and interfaces. The selection depends on the specific application requirements and developer resources.
This document summarizes a research paper about new techniques to enhance security in FPGA-based systems. It discusses how FPGA bitstreams can be copied, allowing unauthorized use of intellectual property. The paper proposes using control words to configure FPGA lookup tables, making the system functionality dependent on the control word provided. This reduces hardware complexity compared to encryption methods, while still providing security against bitstream copying if the correct control word is unknown. The technique also allows runtime reconfiguration by changing the control word, an advantage over conventional encrypted FPGA systems.
This document discusses techniques to enhance security in FPGA-based systems. It begins by describing the basic architecture of FPGAs, including their programmable logic blocks and interconnects. It then discusses the main security concern with FPGAs, which is the copying or cloning of the configuration bitstream. Several threat and defense models are proposed to address this issue. Finally, a new technique is proposed to enhance the security of FPGA-based systems against bitstream cloning attacks.
1) The document describes an FPGA-based modular and generic automated test equipment (ATE) designed for testing a digital beam forming (DBF) unit.
2) The ATE uses a multi-FPGA, multi-card solution to emulate radar components like receivers and transmitters and test the DBF system at full operating speeds.
3) The ATE architecture is modular and scalable, allowing it to test DBF systems with varying numbers of receivers through reconfiguration of the FPGA designs.
A Survey on System-On-Chip Bus ProtocolsIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of various on-chip bus protocols used in system-on-chips (SoCs) for communication between devices, including Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C), Improved Inter-Integrated Circuit (I3C), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART), and Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe). It discusses the implementation and applications of these bus protocols, as well as enhancements like I3C that improve upon I2C. The document also reviews related work analyzing the implementation and comparison of bus protocols like I2C and SPI.
In this paper, proposed a novel implementation of a Soft-Core system using
micro-blaze processor with virtex-5 FPGA. Till now Hard-Core processors are used in
FPGA processor cores. Hard cores are a fixed gate-level IP functions within the FPGA
fabrics. Now the proposed processor is Soft-Core Processor, this is a microprocessor fully
described in software, usually in an HDL. This can be implemented by using EDK tool. In
this paper, developed a system which is having a micro-blaze processor is the combination
of both hardware & Software. By using this system, user can control and communicate all
the peripherals which are in the supported board by using Xilinx platform to develop an
embedded system. Implementing of Soft-Core process system with different peripherals like
UART interface, SPA flash interface, SRAM interface has to be designed using Xilinx
Embedded Development Kit (EDK) tools.
The document discusses Brocade's network solutions for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems. Brocade provides solutions throughout the ISR architecture, including at signal acquisition points, base ground stations for signal distribution, and client data centers. At signal acquisition points, Brocade's switches can be deployed in ruggedized environments and provide effective and economical operation. At base ground stations, Brocade routers efficiently handle multicast traffic distribution to client data centers. Brocade also offers flexible data center solutions for processing large amounts of ingested data at client sites.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
For this Portfolio Project, you will write a paper about John A.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this Portfolio Project, you will write a paper about "John Adams" as well as any event in U.S. history that is relevant to your major area of study or of interest to you. You will write about John Adams from the perspective of another historical personality who lived at the same time as the person or event you are going to describe.
For your historical personality, try to select someone from an under-represented population (examples of possible perspectives include that of Anne Hutchinson, Pocahontas, or Sojourner Truth). This analysis is to make you think about how events/people’s actions were interpreted at the time.
Key Points::
Remember that you will be writing from the perspective of a historical person about another person or an event from a period of U.S. history up to Reconstruction. From your historical person’s perspective, provide a thorough summary of the person or event you’ve chosen to write about, including the incidents that took place and any key individuals involved or affected.
Address the general importance of the person or event in the context of U.S. history.
Now, explain specifically how the person or event changed “your” daily life—“you” being the historical persona you have adopted.
Think long-term: How will the person or the event you are describing make a long-term impact in the lives of people who are in the under-represented group to which your historical person/perspective belongs?
Paper Requirements:
Your paper must be four to six pages, not including the required references and title pages.
Use at least five sources, not including the textbook. Include a scholarly journal article. Include at least one
primary
source from those identified in the syllabus.
Definition of a Primary Source
: A primary source is any source, document or artifact that was created at the time of the event. It was usually created by someone who witnessed the event, lived during or even shortly afterwards, or somehow would have first-hand knowledge of that event. A secondary source, by contrast, is written by a historian or someone writing about the event after it happened.
Have an introduction and strong thesis statement. Make use of support and examples supporting your thesis
Finish with a forceful conclusion reiterating your main idea.
Format your paper according to the
CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA Requirements
(Links to an external site.)
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For this portfolio assignment, you are required to research and anal.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this portfolio assignment, you are required to research and analyze a TV program that ran between 1955 and 1965.
To successfully complete this essay, you will need to answer the following questions:
What is the background of this show? Explain what years it was on TV, describe the channel it aired on, the main characters, setting, etc..
What social issues and historical events were taking place at the time the show was being broadcast?
Did these issues affect the television show in any way?
Did the television show make an impact on popular culture?
Your thesis for the essay should attempt to answer this question:
Explain the cultural relevance of the show, given the information gathered from the show's background, and cultural history. How can television act as a reflection of the social, political, and cultural current events?
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For this paper, discuss the similarities and differences of the .docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this paper, discuss the similarities and differences of the impacts of the causes of the 2008 Great Recession and the current world crisis with the CoVID-19 virus*
How did the regulations you've studied over the past few chapters and in the Financial Crisis Chapter (Chapter 12) prepare banks and other financial institutions to better weather the effects of the stay-at-home orders and other impacts of the pandemic? Are there other regulations that could be placed on the banking industry that would make sense and help them through these trying times?
*Note: I am not trying to downplay or minimize in any way the "human" impact or any other non-economic impacts of the virus; this paper is just focusing on one component of the costs, among the many different impacts (perhaps much more important impacts)
4 pages 4 resources
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For this paper, discuss the similarities and differences of the impa.docxevonnehoggarth79783
The document asks the student to discuss the similarities and differences between the impacts of the causes of the 2008 Great Recession and the current CoVID-19 crisis. It prompts the student to consider how banking regulations studied in previous chapters prepared financial institutions for the pandemic's effects and whether additional regulations could help the banking industry weather challenging times. The document notes that the focus is solely on the economic impacts of the virus, not minimizing its human and other non-economic costs.
For this paper choose two mythological narratives that we have exami.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this paper choose two mythological narratives that we have examined so far in this course, or that you are otherwise personally familiar with. The two myths that you choose should have one or more elements in common, possibly including (but not limited to):
Overarching story (e.g., creation, flood) or story elements (e.g., descent into the underworld, establishment of divine rulership, rapture of mortals by gods, divine disguise)
Narrative structure (e.g., repetitive patterns, discursion)
Themes (e.g., love, jealousy, mortality, revenge, mutability/transformation, limits of human power/knowledge)
Characters (e.g., tricksters)
Cultural functions (e.g., reinforcement of societal norms, explanation of origins of society, explanation of natural phenomena, incorporation in ritual practices, entertainment)
Compare and contrast the two myths you choose, taking into consideration the various elements noted above and any others you deem relevant. (In making comparisons, you do not necessarily need to apply the specifically "comparativist" approach discussed in the course as one historical strand of mythological analysis.)
While you are welcome to reference external sources, this is not a research paper and the use of secondary sources is not required or expected. If you choose to examine a myth not discussed in the course, however, please indicate the source from which you have taken this.
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For this module, there is only one option. You are to begin to deve.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this module, there is only one option. You are to begin to develop your diversity consciousness by
identifying a current event in the news pertaining to social inequality in terms social class, gender, or racial ethnicity.
You are to
provide the link to this news article and analyze
the report including in your discussion the following:
What social inequality is being demonstrated in this current even? Describe it
What relationship is going on between the “majority” and “minority group.” Define who is the majority and who is the minority. Describe why you have identified the group as minority and majority.
Who is being marginalized in this event? How? Why do you believe they are being marginalized?
Is any group being “blamed” in this event? Is this “blame” at the individual level or the societal level – or both?
Who has the power in this situation? What is that power?
Who has the privilege in this situation? What is that privilege?
What suggestions do you have that would assist in addressing this social inequality?
What did you learn? (How did this develop your diversity consciousness?)
need to cite using apa and needs to be at least 250 words
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For this Major Assignment 2, you will finalize your analysis in .docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this Major Assignment 2, you will finalize your analysis in your Part 3, Results section, and finalize your presentation of results from the different data sources. Also, for this week, you will complete the Part 4, Trustworthiness and Summary section to finalize the last part of this Major Assignment 2.
To prepare for this Assignment:
· Review the social change articles found in this week’s Learning Resources.
Part 4: Trustworthiness and Summary
D. Trustworthiness—summarize across the different data sources and respond to the following:
o What themes are in common?
o What sources have different themes?
o Explain the trustworthiness of your findings, in terms of:
§ Credibility
§ Transferability
§ Dependability strategies
§ Confirmability
Summary
· Based on the results of your analyses, how would you answer the question: “What is the meaning of social change for Walden graduate students?”
· Self-Reflection—Has your own understanding of you as a positive social change agent changed? Explain your reasoning.
· Based on your review of the three articles on social change, which one is aligned with your interests regarding social change and why?
By Day 7
Submit
Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4 of your Major Assignment 2.
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For this Final Visual Analysis Project, you will choose one website .docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this Final Visual Analysis Project, you will choose one website that you visit frequently (it must be a professional business website, not your own personal website). Feel free to use websites such as Nike, Apple, Northwestern Mutual, etc. or a website that applies to your career choices.
Once you choose your website, you will begin to consider the effects the visual elements have on the viewers and
create a thesis statement and outline using the response elements 1-5 below.
For the Thesis & Outline TEMPLATE document click
here
.
APA title page, reference page, and formatting.
Use at least four academic/scholarly sources.
Use properly cited quotes and paraphrases when necessary.
Complete, polished, and error-free cohesive sentences.
Contains an introduction, body, and conclusion.
Sensory Response –
When analyzing the viewer’s sensory response to a particular visual, it is important to consider the visual elements that attract the eyes. Close your eyes when considering a visual. When you open your eyes, what are the first visual elements that you see? When analyzing a viewer’s Sensory Response, you may consider analyzing at least two of the following effects:
Colors
Lines
Shapes
Balance
Contrast
Perceptual Response –
When analyzing a viewer’s perception of visuals, it is important to consider the audience. Consider who is or is not attracted to this type of visual communication. When analyzing a viewer’s Perceptual Response, consider at least two of the following effects:
Target audience specifics (age, profession, gender, financial status, etc.)
Cultural familiarity elements (ethnicity, religious preference, social groups, etc)
Cognitive visuals (viewer’s memories, experiences, values, beliefs, etc.)
Technical Response –
When analyzing a viewer’s response to certain visuals, we need to consider the technical visual aspects that may affect perception. Describe how visuals affect the interpretation of the intended media communication message. Address specific technological elements that impact perception. When analyzing the Technical Response, consider the Laws of Perceptual Organization (similarity, proximity, continuity, common fate, etc), and at least two of the following types of visuals:
Drop-down menus
Hover-over highlighting
Animations
Quality of visuals
Emotional Response
– When analyzing a viewer’s Emotional Response, it is important to consider the targeted audience preferences and emotional intelligence. Discuss what the viewer might want to see and what type of visual presentation will set the tone for that response. When analyzing the Emotional Response, consider the effects of at least two of the following types of visuals:
Mood setting colors
Mood setting lighting
Persuasive images
Positioning of search or purchase buttons
Social media icons and share options
Ethical Response -
When analyzing a viewer’s Ethical Response, it is important to consider the ta.
For this essay, you will select one of the sources you have found th.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this essay, you will select one of the sources you have found through your preliminary research about your research topic (see Assignment 1.1). Which source you choose is up to you; however, it should be substantial enough that you will be able to talk about it at length, and intricate enough that it will keep you (and your reader) interested. For more info see attached document
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For this discussion, you will address the following prompts. Keep in.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this discussion, you will address the following prompts. Keep in mind that the article or video you’ve chosen should not be about critical thinking, but should be about someone making a statement, claim, or argument related to Povetry & Income equality. One source should demonstrate good critical thinking skills and the other source should demonstrate the lack or absence of critical thinking skills. Personal examples should not be used.
1. Explain at least five elements of critical thinking that you found in the reading material.
2.Search the Internet, media, and find an example in which good critical thinking skills are being demonstrated by the author or speaker. Summarize the content and explain why you think it demonstrates good critical thinking skills.
3.Search the Internet, media, or and find an example in which the author or speaker lacks good critical thinking skills. Summarize the content and explain why you think it demonstrates the absence of good, critical thinking skills.
Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length, which should include a thorough response to each question.
Due midnight Thursday April 22,2020
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For this discussion, research a recent science news event that h.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this discussion, research a recent science news event that has occurred in the last six months. The event should come from a well-known news source, such as ABC, NBC, CBS, Fox, NPR, PBS, BBC, National Geographic, The New York Times, and so on. Post a link to the news story, and in your initial post:
* Summarize your news story and its contributions to the science or STEM fields
* If your news event is overtly related to globalization, explain how this event contributes to global studies. If your news event does not directly relate to globalization, how could the science behind your event be applied to global studies?
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For this Discussion, review the case Learning Resources and the .docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this Discussion, review the case Learning Resources and the case study excerpt presented. Reflect on the case study excerpt and consider the therapy approaches you might take to assess, diagnose, and treat the patient’s health needs.
Case: An elderly widow who just lost her spouse.
Subjective: A patient presents to your primary care office today with chief complaint of insomnia. Patient is 75 YO with PMH of DM, HTN, and MDD. Her husband of 41 years passed away 10 months ago. Since then, she states her depression has gotten worse as well as her sleep habits. The patient has no previous history of depression prior to her husband’s death. She is awake, alert, and oriented x3. Patient normally sees PCP once or twice a year. Patient denies any suicidal ideations. Patient arrived at the office today by private vehicle. Patient currently takes the following medications:
•
Metformin 500mg BID
•
Januvia 100mg daily
•
Losartan 100mg daily
•
HCTZ 25mg daily
•
Sertraline 100mg daily
Current weight: 88 kg
Current height: 64 inches
Temp: 98.6 degrees F
BP: 132/86
By Day 3 of Week 7
Post
a response to each of the following:
• List three questions you might ask the patient if she were in your office. Provide a rationale for why you might ask these questions.
• Identify people in the patient’s life you would need to speak to or get feedback from to further assess the patient’s situation. Include specific questions you might ask these people and why.
• Explain what, if any, physical exams, and diagnostic tests would be appropriate for the patient and how the results would be used.
• List a differential diagnosis for the patient. Identify the one that you think is most likely and explain why.
• List two pharmacologic agents and their dosing that would be appropriate for the patient’s antidepressant therapy based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. From a mechanism of action perspective, provide a rationale for why you might choose one agent over the other.
• For the drug therapy you select, identify any contraindications to use or alterations in dosing that may need to be considered based on the client’s ethnicity. Discuss why the contraindication/alteration you identify exists. That is, what would be problematic with the use of this drug in individuals of other ethnicities?
• Include any “check points” (i.e., follow-up data at Week 4, 8, 12, etc.), and indicate any therapeutic changes that you might make based on possible outcomes that may happen given your treatment options chosen.
Respond to the these discussions. All questions need to be addressed.
Discussion 2 Me
Treatment of a Patient with Insomnia
The case presented this week, is that of a 75-year-old widow who just lost her spouse 10-months ago. Th patient presents with chief complaints of insomnia. Past medical history of DM, HTN, and MDD is reported. Since the passing of her husband, she states her depression has gotten worse .
For this Discussion, give an example of how an event in one part.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this Discussion, give an example of how an event in one part of the world can cause a response elsewhere in the world:
Reviewing the aspects of your event, analyze the cause and effect of global influences through direct or indirect means.
What aspects of diversity are evident in your event?
How can understanding diversity benefit a society?
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For this discussion, consider the role of the LPN and the RN in .docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this discussion, consider the role of the LPN and the RN in the nursing process.
How would the LPN and RN collaborate to develop the nursing plan of care to ensure the patient is achieving their goal?
What are the role expectations for the LPN and RN in the nursing process?
Pls include two references and intext citation.
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For this discussion, after you have viewed the videos on this topi.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this discussion, after you have viewed the videos on this topic posted in this week's assignment, please answer the questions posted with this week's discussion.
After posting your individual answers to questions, you are required to respond to 2 students answers with meaningful/thoughtful input on their comments. Your responses must be minimum of a paragraph with at least 3 sentences. Your comments to 2 students
Video #1: History of Homosexuality on Film -- https://youtu.be/SeDhMKd83r4
Video #2: The Gay Culture, According to Television -- https://youtu.be/EbdxRZJfRp4
Video #3: Top 10 Groundbreaking Moments for LGBTQ Characters on TV -- https://youtu.be/yXJAzPJFjQ8
Video #4: I'm Gay, But I'm not ... -- https://criticalmediaproject.org/im-gay-but-im-not/
Video #5: Acting Gay - One Word Cut -- https://youtu.be/a4jfiqiIy0A
LGBTQ+ Questions:
· Name some common stereotypes associated with LGBTQ community?
· What role does media play in establishing & perpetuating these stereotypes?
· Name 2 LGBTQ characters, 1 one from current show/movie; 1 from 10-15 years ago
. Are there differences in the characters?
. Have things changed? Evolved? Improved?
· Are LGBTQ characters portrayed differently than straight characters?
· Why do stories involving LGBTQ characters revolve around their sexuality or sexual orientation?
Acting Gay - One Word: What is your one-word association with the saying "Acting Gay"? Why did you choose this word?
Jarrett Kelley
LGBTQ Discussion
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
1. Some common stereotypes that coincide with the LGBTQ community are promiscuous, non-religious, flamboyant, mentally ill, high sex drives, etc.
2. The media plays a role in establishing these stereotypes because the general public is always watching these shows, reading the news, and listening to stories about different cultures and groups and media that they may not see or interact with in their lives. Therefore, media is an outlet to show these things in a easy way to gain knowledge about people without meeting people face-to-face apart of these groups when sometimes the stereotypes shown can't represent everyone in those groups.
3. Currently, in Marvel's Runaways, that ended in December, there are two lesbian superheros that share a kiss at the end of a season. Karolina, one of the characters, wants to get away from her childhood of religious upbringing and wants to pursue her own life with her superpower of glowing colors. Nico is shown with a Gothic appearance and can be seen as aggressive but down to earth as well. The War at Home was a television show on Fox and a character named Kenny, who is sixteen years old, is kicked out of his house by his parents after finding out he is gay.
a. There are some differences in the characters as Karolina is more flamboyant and colorful, compared to Nico who is goth and likes to remain strictly to business. Kenny is quiet most of the time about his life, especially about his gay crush until his p.
For this discussion choose one of the case studies listed bel.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this "discussion" choose
one
of the case studies listed below and mention which case study number you picked. After completing your readings, you should be able to identify the psychological disorder associated to each. After choosing one case study, identify the diagnosis, symptoms in your words and treatment plan for that diagnosis. Provide
in-text citations and references in APA format
to indicate where you are getting information from regarding diagnosis and treatment options).
This is the Case Study I chose:
Martin is a 21 year-old business major at a large university. Over the past few weeks his family and friends have noticed increasingly bizarre behaviors. On many occasions they’ve overheard him whispering in an agitated voice, even though there is no one nearby. Lately, he has refused to answer or make calls on his cell phone, claiming that if he does it will activate a deadly chip that was implanted in his brain by evil aliens. His parents have tried to get him to go with them to a psychiatrist for an evaluation, but he refuses. He has accused them on several occasions of conspiring with the aliens to have him killed so they can remove his brain and put it inside one of their own. He has stopped attended classes altogether. He is now so far behind in his coursework that he will fail if something doesn’t change very soon. Although Martin occasionally has a few beers with his friends, he’s never been known to abuse alcohol or use drugs. He does, however, have an estranged aunt who has been in and out of psychiatric hospitals over the years due to erratic and bizarre behavior.
The Psychological disorder is: SCHIZOPHRENIA
I have attached the reading as well.
Please Consider the following:
APA Format
Only sources from the text
250 words or more
Please let me know if you need anything else.
.
For this assignment, you will use what youve learned about symbolic.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this assignment, you will use what you've learned about symbolic interactionism to develop your own analysis.
Your assignment is to select a television program that you know contains social inequality or social class themes. In 3-5 pages make sure to provide the following:
Provide a brief introduction that includes the program's title, describes the type of program, and explains which social theme you are addressing
Describe and explain scenes that apply to the social theme.
Identify all observed body language, facial expressions, gestures, posture stances, modes of dress, nonverbal cues, symbols, and any other observed nonverbal forms of communication in the scenes.
Explain your interpretation of the meanings of the identified nonverbal communications and symbolism.
Summarize how these interpretations are important to the sociological understanding of your chosen social inequality or social class theme.
Suggest how your interpretation of the respective meanings might be generalized to society as a whole.
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For this Assignment, you will research various perspectives of a mul.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this Assignment, you will research various perspectives of a multicultural education issue and develop an advocacy plan to effectively communicate and advocate for a culturally responsive solution. During the development of your advocacy plan, synthesize and reflect on the major learning points that are applicable to leading culturally responsive social change in your context.
To prepare for this Assignment, review the issues you identified in the Equity Audit assignment.
Review Chapters 1–5 (pp. 1–64) of “An Introduction to Advocacy: Training Guide.”
Develop and submit your advocacy plan. To complete this Assignment, use the document below:
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For this assignment, you will be studying a story from the Gospe.docxevonnehoggarth79783
Jesus visited Mary and Martha in Luke 10:38-42. The passage describes Mary sitting at Jesus' feet listening to his teaching while Martha was distracted by her household duties. Jesus affirmed Mary's choice to listen to him over working, showing the importance of prioritizing time with God over other tasks.
For this assignment, you will discuss how you see the Design Princip.docxevonnehoggarth79783
For this assignment, you will discuss how you see the Design Principles used in a 2D print. You can select a 2D print from your home, workplace, or use the CSU Art Appreciation LibGuide to find a print in an online museum. Take a photograph of the print or save an image of the print, and include it in the worksheet.In Unit II, our assignment was to describe an artwork using the Visual Elements. We can think of the Design Principles as a way that the artist organized the Visual Elements. Instead of focusing on the small parts of the artwork (like line, shape, and mass) the Design Principles look at the whole artwork and how all the elements work together. Provide a detailed description of the design principles in your 2D print, using full and complete sentences. For Design Principles, make sure you describe how the artist used the ones in Chapter 5: unity and variety, balance, emphasis, repetition and rhythm, and scale and proportion. Questions to consider are included below:
Unity: what elements work together to make a harmonious whole?
Variety: What creates diversity?
Balance: Is it symmetrical or asymmetrical?
Emphasis: What is the focal point?
Repetition and rhythm: Is an element repeated?
Scale and proportion: Are the objects in proportion to each other?
Be sure to describe exactly where in the artwork you see each Principle. You'll want to describe each artwork using the terms we learned in this unit's reading. Remember to write in complete sentences and use proper grammar.
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
2. for
these FPGA platforms are presented, using various modules and
prediction methods of CARE-CAD tool, a powerful software
tool
for reliability analysis (Mean Time Between Failures Module,
Fault Tree Analysis Module, Reliability Block Diagram
Module).
After various reliability estimations are performed considering
every functional block of the FPGA platforms, fault tolerance
analyses are performed. Fault tolerant techniques, based on
hardware redundancy, are suggested for the less reliable blocks
of the platforms. New reliability analyses are performed to see
if the addition of redundant blocks and components is
justified,
improving the reliability of the platforms for short and long
mission times. Estimating the reliability of various blocks of
the
FPGA platforms help the designer to make the necessary
changes, designing more robust products.
Keywords-FPGA platforms; Reliability models; Failure rate;
Redundancy; Fault Tolerance
I. INTRODUCTION
The use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays platforms is
growing in terrestrial and space based applications because of
the low application development cost, the short time to market
and the reprogramming flexibility that they offer. Given the
current demand for feasible, reconfigurable and application-
specific functionality among a host of space and terrestrial
3. applications, high density SRAM based FPGAs provide a low-
cost solution which can be readily developed for the desired
constraints.
The current industry trend of shrinking device size helps
SRAM-based FPGA to be faster and denser, but at the same
time also make them less reliable. With shrinking transistor
size, the charge required to switch them, and thus induce a
single bit error, also shrinks, making transistors more prone to
radiation induced errors. FPGA devices are susceptible to
radiation-induced Single-Event-Upsets (SEUs). If not
corrected, SEU can affect system’s performance, and in the
worst case can result in system’s failure. In addition to space
based applications, there are many ground level systems such
as bank servers, telecommunication servers and avionics which
require SEU tolerance, and high reliability [1], [2].
To increase the reliability of FPGA for space and terrestrial
applications also, several techniques have been developed to
overcome SEU errors. These techniques are referred as device
hardening techniques. The most common ones are:
configuration scrubbing (memory scrubbing), error detecting
and correcting codes and redundancy. There is a rich body of
research dedicated to the study of reliability of FPGA
architectures used in space and terrestrial applications, trying to
increase the reliability at various design levels, from the
microarchitecture to the system level [1-5].
In contrast with the previous mentioned references, this
paper presents estimation of the reliability parameters for
FPGA platforms (hardware blocks). The FPGA platforms that
are investigated are Nexys design platforms, built around
Xilinx FPGA technology and manufactured by Digilent Inc.
These platforms are intensively used in learning environments,
such as colleges and universities world-wide, so they need to
be reliable and robust, surviving intensive use over the years.
4. To estimate the reliability of the FPGA platforms the CARE
(Computer Aided Reliability Engineering) CAD tool is used.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section I
presents the FPGA platforms. Section II is an overview of the
reliability metrics. Section III presents the reliability estimation
using CARE CAD tool and fault tolerance analysis. Section IV
presents the conclusions.
II. FPGA ARCHITECTURE
FPGA architectures based on SRAM (Static RAM
memory) contain programmable look-up tables (LUT) and
programmable interconnects and Flip-Flops (FF). An LUT is
an SRAM with k address lines that can be programmed to
realize any Boolean function of up to k variables having a
single output. The contents of LUT and interconnections
between them, are programmed by serially downloading a bit-
stream to the FPGA. Along with the programmable LUT,
FPGA device also contain FFs to implement sequential logic.
In addition to LUTs and FFs, FPGA contains synchronous
memory blocks. The Nexys-2 is a powerful digital system
design platform built around a Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA. With
16 Mbytes of fast SDRAM and 16Mbytes of Flash ROM, the
Nexys-2 is ideally suited to embedded processors like Xilinx's
32-bit RISC Microblaze™. The on-board high-speed USB2
port, together with a collection of I/O devices, data ports, and
expansion connectors, allow a wide range of designs to be
completed without the need for any additional components.
5. The complete schematics of this platform, used for the
reliability analyses presented in this paper, can be found on-
line. See reference [6].
Figure 1. NEXYS -2 FPGA platform block diagram [6]
III. RELIABILITY METRICS
The reliability of a system follows an exponential
distribution law during the useful life phase of the system:
R(t) = e-λt (1)
where λ represents the failure rate and is assumed to have a
constant value for electronic components during the useful life
of the system [7], [8].
The mean time to failure (MTTF) of a system is the
expected time of the occurrence of the first system’s failure. If
the reliability function is defined by (1), then:
MTTF = 1/ λ (2)
The estimation (prediction) of the failure rate λ of
electronic components is performed using military or
commercial standards (handbooks), widely accepted by the
reliability engineering world. Examples of such standards are:
Mil-Std-217-US DOD, HRD5 -British Telecom, Bellcore TR-
332 -Bell Communications, etc.
The reliability estimations presented in this paper are based
6. on the MIL-HDBK-217 standard [9]. The failure rate of the
electronic components is predicted using experimental data
obtained by analyzing the failures of actual devices. There are
two possible methods: Part Counts method and Full (Part
Stress) stress method
The Part Counts method, known as C217F2, makes general
assumptions on the applied stresses for each electronic
component. It is most applicable early in the design phase and
proposal formulation. It requires less information than Part
Stress Analysis, such as part quantities, quality level and
application environment. It uses a “simplified” formula to
calculate the failure rate of the components [10].
The Full (Part Stress) method, known as S217F2, evaluates
the thermal and electrical stresses that are applied to a
component under given environment conditions (operational
environment and ambient temperature). It is used in the final
phases of the design, when there is concrete information about
the type of components, thermal and electrical stresses [10].
To evaluate the reliability of the system, the serial model,
parallel model or a combination of both models can be used
[11]. The serial system assumes that all the components should
survive for the system to operate correctly. The reliability of
the system is:
(3)
where Ri(t) represents the reliability of component i.
Assuming the exponential failure rate for each component:
7. (4)
(5)
The parallel system assumes that the components in the
system have spares. As soon as fault occurs in a component
(module), the faulty component is replaced by a spare. Only
one component needs to survive, in order for the system to
operate correctly. For the parallel system, the probability of
failure is:
(6)
where Qi(t) represents the failure probability of component i.
The reliability of the parallel system is:
(7)
( ) ( )∏
=
=
n
i
9. ==
−−=−=−=
n
i
i
n
i
iparallelparallel tRtQQtR
11
0.10.10.11
IV. RELIABILTY ESTIMATION USING CARE- TOOL
A new method for estimating the reliability parameters of
the FPGA platforms is presented, using CARE (Computer
Aided Reliability Engineering) software tool. CARE is an
engineering tool, developed by BQR Reliability Ltd., intended
for complex reliability analyses of commercial and military
electronic and mechanical systems.
The first analyses presented in this paper were performed
using the MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) module of the
CARE software, using the Mil-Std-217-US DOD standard.
Using the schematics of the Nexys2 board, the serial reliability
model was created, using the Library Editor of CARE for the
10. components. When electronic components of the Nexys2
schematics (FPGA platform) were not available on the CARE
library of component, components with similar reliability
characteristics were used, after careful consideration and
investigation. See figure 2.
Figure 2. Library Editor of CARE
First, the C217F2 method of was used, as a starting point.
This prediction method does not take into account temperature
when calculating failure rate. Because CARE provides a
limited component libraries for this method, component
substitutions were made for the less common resistors,
capacitors, ICs, etc., found on the Nexys2 schematics. Figure 3
and 4 presents the representation of the FPGA platform using
the MTBF module and the results of the C217F2 prediction
method. The MTBF module uses the serial reliability model
for any system.
Figure 3. MTBF reliability serial model for the FPGA platform
Figure 4. Reliability prediction for the FPGA platform using
C217F2
The failure distribution by components, based on this
prediction method is given in figure 3. The resistors present
the highest risk of failures, due to the large number of
resistors on the platform.
Figure 5. Failure distribution by components
11. The second method used to perform reliability
analyses(predictions) was the S217F2 prediction method. The
library of components corresponding to this prediction
method was used and a series system, similar with the one
presented in figure 3 was created. The analyses were
performed for GB condition (Ground Benign environment)
and at different temperatures. In this case, the failure rate
distribution was more reasonably distributed. The actual
FPGA (a complex ICs) is now the more prone to failure, rather
than the other modules. Figure 6 and 7 presents the results of
the analysis.
Figure 6. Reliability prediction for the FPGA platform using
S217F2
Figure 7. Failure distribution by components
For advanced reliability analysis, the VRBD Module of
the CARE tool was used. The Visual Reliability Block
Diagram (VRBD) module of CARE tool is intended to define
and calculate Reliability, MTBF, MTTR and Availability for
systems as hierarchic combination of different functional
components in a very simple way [10]. This module offers
more flexiblity building the reliability model of the system. It
allows to add spares to the main components, components can
can be repaired, etc. Figure 8 presents the reliability model of
the system using the VRBD module. The Core Database
Manager was used to export the system created previously
12. using the MTBF module (S217 prediction method approach).
Using several analyses performed with the MTBF and the
VRBD modules of the CARE tool, the reliability of various
building blocks, such as memory block, connector block and
FPGA programming block seem to have the highest failure
rate. These blocks can benefit by adding fault tolerant
features. The fault tolerant features can be implemented
adding redundant blocks (hardware redundancy). Adding an
additional memory block (hot spare), the failure rate of the
memory banks decreases. Figure 9 presents the reliability
curves for the system without and with a hot spare for the
memory block.
Figure 8. RBD Diagram of the system
Figure 9. Reliability graphs for memory block, without and
with one
spare
V. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, reliability estimations for FPGA platforms are
presented, using modules and prediction methods of CARE
CAD tool. Fault tolerant techniques, based on hardware
redundancy, are suggested for the less reliable blocks of the
platforms. This work was initiated as part of a graduate course
“Design of Fault Tolerant Systems” at RHIT, In. The study
was suggested by the manufacturer of the Nexys2 FPGA
platforms, DigilentInc. Estimating the reliability of various
blocks of the FPGA platforms help the designer to make the
necessary changes, designing more robust products.
13. REFERENCES
[1] A. Tiwari, Karen Tomko “Enhanced Reliability of Finite
State Machines
in FPGA Through efficient Fault Detection and Correction”,
IEEE
Transaction on Reliability, vol. 54, nr.3, pp. 459-467,
September 2005.
[2] M. Normand “Single event upset at ground level”, IEEE
Trans. On
Nuclear Science , NY, vol.43, p.2742-2750, December 1996.
[3] M. Wirthlin, N. Rollins, M. Caffrey, P. Graham, “Hardness
By Design
Techniques for Field Programmable Gate Arrays,” 11th NASA
Symposium on VLSI Design, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, 2003.
[4] F. Lima Kastensmidt, G. Neuberger, L Carro, R. Reis
”Designing and
Testing Fault-Tolerant Techniques for SRAM based FPGA”,
ACM
International Conference on Computing Frontiers Ischia, Italy,
2004.
[5] B. Pratt, M. Caffrey, “ Improving FPGA Design Robustness
with Partial
TMR”, MAPLD Conference 2005, Washington Dc.
[6] www.digilentinc.com
[7] I. Koren, C. Mani Krishna, “Fault-Tolerant Systems”,
Morgan
Kaufmann Publisher, 2007.
[8] E. Dubrova, “Fault-Tolerant Design: An Introduction”
14. course notes,
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2013.
[9] http://www.sre.org/pubs/Mil-Hdbk-217F.pdf
[10] BQR, CARE-8-RBD-V8.8 User Manual, 2012.
[11] D. Siewiorek, R Swarz, “ Reliable Computer Systems,
Design And
Evaluation”, AK Peters Ltd, 1998
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