The document describes a redundant power supply system for Allen-Bradley PLCs consisting of a baseplate that holds two standard power supplies, and an adapter module. The baseplate provides status LEDs and connects to the adapter module. The adapter plugs into the PLC and provides the serial port, backup battery, and connects to the baseplate. With two power supplies, if one fails the other automatically takes over to provide continuous power to the PLC.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel seven-level inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The inverter uses a hybrid cascaded configuration with a novel pulse width modulation technique to generate seven output voltage levels from the DC supply. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink are presented to validate the operation of the proposed inverter. The inverter is capable of improving power quality by reducing harmonic distortion compared to traditional two-level inverters.
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Single Switch Sepic Converter for Sup...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a single switch SEPIC converter for an LED driver circuit with power factor correction and an automation system. The system uses a boost PFC converter operating in discontinuous mode to achieve a high power factor. A SEPIC converter is then used to supply a continuous current to the LED driver circuit. A snubber circuit clamps peak voltages and recycles leakage inductor energy. Experimental results showed the system could supply 48V and 2A to the LED load while achieving power factor correction and high efficiency. The system also includes an automation feature to power emergency lamps during a power failure using energy stored in a battery.
Fuzzy Logic Controller based Bridgeless (BL) Isolated Interleaved Zeta Conver...IJPEDS-IAES
In recent times, high-brightness light emitting diodes (HB-LEDs) are
developing rapidly and it is confirmed to be the future development in
lighting not only because of their high efficiency and high reliability,
however also because of their other exceptional features: chromatic variety,
shock and vibration resistance, etc. In this paper, a bridgeless (BL) Isolated
Interleaved Zeta Converter is proposed for the purpose of reducing the diode
failures or losses; the value of output ripples also gets decreased. The
proposed BL isolated interleaved zeta converter operating in discontinuous
conduction mode (DCM) is used for controlling the brightness of LED
Driver with inherent PFC at ac mains using single voltage sensor. The fuzzy
logic controller (FLC) is used to adjust the Modulation Index of the voltage
controller in order to improve the dynamic response of LED Lamp driver.
Based on the error of converter output voltage, FLC is designed to select the
optimum Modulation Index of the voltage controller. The proposed LED
driver is simulated to achieve a unity power factor at ac mains for a wide
range of voltage control and supply voltage fluctuations.
This paper presents the optimization of PFC Cuk converter parameter design for the minimization of THD and voltage ripple. In this study, the PFC Cuk converter is designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) in order to achieve almost unity power factor. The passive components, i.e., inductor and capacitor are designed based on switching frequency and resonant frequency. Nevertheless, the ranges of duty cycle for buck and boost operations are 0<D<0.5 and 0.5<D<1, respectively for the output voltage variation of the converter. The principle of the parameters design optimization is based on the balancing energy compensation between the input capacitor and output inductor for minimization of THD current. In addition, the selection of high output capacitance will minimize the output voltage ripple significantly. A 65 W PFC Cuk converter prototype is developed and experimentally tested to confirm the parameters design optimization principle. The experimental results show that the THD current is reduced to 4.5% from 61.3% and the output voltage ripple is reduced to 7 V from 18 V after parameters optimization are realized. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the output voltage ripple frequency is always double of the input line frequency, 50 Hz and the output voltage ripple is always lower than the maximum input voltage ripple.
The document provides product descriptions for various components of the RPS (Remote Power Supply) system, including:
1) The central office (CO) unit which enables power transfer of up to 100W via twisted pair channels at a source voltage of ±190V.
2) Remote power (RP) units like the MRODx shelf that houses DC/DC converters and control units to provide up to 900W of output power.
3) DC/DC converter modules like the PDL that combine three converters to supply 45-75W per twisted pair at input voltages from 230-380V.
This document describes the design and construction of an active antenna called the AA-7 that can amplify radio signals from 3 to 3000 MHz. It contains two independent preamplifiers that can be selected using a switch. One preamplifier is optimized for HF signals using a MOSFET and the other is for VHF/UHF using an NPN transistor. The circuit board layout and assembly instructions are provided to allow homemade construction. The active antenna requires minimal external components and can be built on a small printed circuit board, making it compact and portable. It is powered by a single 9V battery and does not require an enclosure, though one can be added.
IRJET- Bridgeless Boost PFC Rectifier with High EfficiencyIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed flexible mode bridgeless boost power factor correction (PFC) rectifier that can improve efficiency over a wide input voltage range. It begins with background on traditional PFC rectifiers and their limitations, including decreased efficiency at low input voltages. It then introduces the proposed rectifier, which can operate in either a back-to-back bridgeless boost PFC mode at high line voltages or a three-level bridgeless boost PFC mode at low line voltages. Simulation results are presented to validate the operation and effectiveness of the proposed rectifier in improving efficiency compared to conventional designs.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel seven-level inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The inverter uses a hybrid cascaded configuration with a novel pulse width modulation technique to generate seven output voltage levels from the DC supply. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink are presented to validate the operation of the proposed inverter. The inverter is capable of improving power quality by reducing harmonic distortion compared to traditional two-level inverters.
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Single Switch Sepic Converter for Sup...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a single switch SEPIC converter for an LED driver circuit with power factor correction and an automation system. The system uses a boost PFC converter operating in discontinuous mode to achieve a high power factor. A SEPIC converter is then used to supply a continuous current to the LED driver circuit. A snubber circuit clamps peak voltages and recycles leakage inductor energy. Experimental results showed the system could supply 48V and 2A to the LED load while achieving power factor correction and high efficiency. The system also includes an automation feature to power emergency lamps during a power failure using energy stored in a battery.
Fuzzy Logic Controller based Bridgeless (BL) Isolated Interleaved Zeta Conver...IJPEDS-IAES
In recent times, high-brightness light emitting diodes (HB-LEDs) are
developing rapidly and it is confirmed to be the future development in
lighting not only because of their high efficiency and high reliability,
however also because of their other exceptional features: chromatic variety,
shock and vibration resistance, etc. In this paper, a bridgeless (BL) Isolated
Interleaved Zeta Converter is proposed for the purpose of reducing the diode
failures or losses; the value of output ripples also gets decreased. The
proposed BL isolated interleaved zeta converter operating in discontinuous
conduction mode (DCM) is used for controlling the brightness of LED
Driver with inherent PFC at ac mains using single voltage sensor. The fuzzy
logic controller (FLC) is used to adjust the Modulation Index of the voltage
controller in order to improve the dynamic response of LED Lamp driver.
Based on the error of converter output voltage, FLC is designed to select the
optimum Modulation Index of the voltage controller. The proposed LED
driver is simulated to achieve a unity power factor at ac mains for a wide
range of voltage control and supply voltage fluctuations.
This paper presents the optimization of PFC Cuk converter parameter design for the minimization of THD and voltage ripple. In this study, the PFC Cuk converter is designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) in order to achieve almost unity power factor. The passive components, i.e., inductor and capacitor are designed based on switching frequency and resonant frequency. Nevertheless, the ranges of duty cycle for buck and boost operations are 0<D<0.5 and 0.5<D<1, respectively for the output voltage variation of the converter. The principle of the parameters design optimization is based on the balancing energy compensation between the input capacitor and output inductor for minimization of THD current. In addition, the selection of high output capacitance will minimize the output voltage ripple significantly. A 65 W PFC Cuk converter prototype is developed and experimentally tested to confirm the parameters design optimization principle. The experimental results show that the THD current is reduced to 4.5% from 61.3% and the output voltage ripple is reduced to 7 V from 18 V after parameters optimization are realized. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the output voltage ripple frequency is always double of the input line frequency, 50 Hz and the output voltage ripple is always lower than the maximum input voltage ripple.
The document provides product descriptions for various components of the RPS (Remote Power Supply) system, including:
1) The central office (CO) unit which enables power transfer of up to 100W via twisted pair channels at a source voltage of ±190V.
2) Remote power (RP) units like the MRODx shelf that houses DC/DC converters and control units to provide up to 900W of output power.
3) DC/DC converter modules like the PDL that combine three converters to supply 45-75W per twisted pair at input voltages from 230-380V.
This document describes the design and construction of an active antenna called the AA-7 that can amplify radio signals from 3 to 3000 MHz. It contains two independent preamplifiers that can be selected using a switch. One preamplifier is optimized for HF signals using a MOSFET and the other is for VHF/UHF using an NPN transistor. The circuit board layout and assembly instructions are provided to allow homemade construction. The active antenna requires minimal external components and can be built on a small printed circuit board, making it compact and portable. It is powered by a single 9V battery and does not require an enclosure, though one can be added.
IRJET- Bridgeless Boost PFC Rectifier with High EfficiencyIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed flexible mode bridgeless boost power factor correction (PFC) rectifier that can improve efficiency over a wide input voltage range. It begins with background on traditional PFC rectifiers and their limitations, including decreased efficiency at low input voltages. It then introduces the proposed rectifier, which can operate in either a back-to-back bridgeless boost PFC mode at high line voltages or a three-level bridgeless boost PFC mode at low line voltages. Simulation results are presented to validate the operation and effectiveness of the proposed rectifier in improving efficiency compared to conventional designs.
Timer with audible warning with circuit Diagram Team Kuk
From detectors to automobiles, audible alarms (also known to be called buzzers) have become a part of our everyday life. Some of the uses of these alarms are innocuous such as in a microwave oven. However, in some applications such as in a smoke detector or medical equipment, a person’s life may depend upon the audible warning sound. In all cases, the equipment designer should consider the desired characteristics of the audible alarm at the initial design-planning phase to obtain satisfactory performance and avoid costly redesign. The first characteristic for a designer to consider is the type of sound such as a continuous, intermittent or specialty sound. Other critical criteria include sound level, frequency, current draw, quality, mounting configuration, cost, and availability
This document discusses different power converter topologies that can be used for LED lighting applications. It begins by introducing LEDs and their advantages over traditional lighting. It then categorizes power converter topologies as either non-isolated or isolated. For non-isolated topologies, it describes the buck, boost, and buck-boost converters in detail, including their operating principles and voltage gain equations. It also discusses isolated topologies like flyback converters and notes their use of a transformer to provide isolation between input and output. In concluding, the document provides a classification of isolated converters as either asymmetric or symmetric based on their magnetic operating cycle.
This document describes the design of an enhancement mode GaAs PHEMT LNA with a linearity-controllable and phase-matched mitigated bypass switch, as well as a differential active mixer. The LNA operates in three modes - high linearity, low linearity, and bypass - to optimize performance based on signal strength. A novel phase shift element in the bypass switch maintains phase matching between LNA modes. The low-power differential mixer incorporates an active balun and buffer amplifier. Measurements show the LNA and mixer meet specifications for wireless applications.
Improved power quality buck boost converter for SMPSIJECEIAES
In this paper, a Neural Network (NN) controlled Buck-Boost Converter (BBC) based Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) for a PC application is proposed. The proposed BBC is analyzed, modeled and designed for the rated load. Generally, the utilization of Multiple Output SMPS (MOSMPS) for PC application introduces Power Quality (PQ) issues in the power system network. Unlike conventional SMPS the proposed NN controlled BBC can accomplish improvement of power quality. The NN controller reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of source current below 5%, maintains input side Power Factor (PF) to be nearly unity and improves the output voltage regulation. In the proposed system, NN controller replaces the conventional PI controller and overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional system. The proposed BBC is validated adopting MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation analysis validate that the proposed NN controlled BBC performs better than conventional converter in terms of PQ indices under fluctuating conditions.
Bridgeless CUK Rectifier with Output Voltage Regulation using Fuzzy controllerIOSR Journals
This document describes a bridgeless CUK rectifier for power factor correction with output voltage regulation using a fuzzy controller. The bridgeless CUK rectifier lacks an input diode bridge to reduce conduction losses. It is operated in discontinuous conduction mode for near unity power factor and zero voltage switching. Simulation results show the input current tracks the voltage with a power factor of 0.998 and total harmonic distortion of 2%. A fuzzy logic controller is used to regulate the output voltage to a reference value of 40V and maintains the voltage even with changes in input voltage or load.
Design and Performance Analysis of 400Hz Static Frequency Converterijtsrd
Nowadays solid state technology, engine driven generators, as an aircraft power system, supply 400Hz elecctrical loads for more efficient and effectiveness. The system produces stable and constant 400Hz from variable input frequency of DC link converter. Constant speed drive was momentously replaced by means of providing a constant frequency power supply of static frequency converter. Furthermore, easiness of repair and replacement, reduction in servicing needs, and the ability to locate the components of the electrical system are extended effectiveness of static frequency converter. Research demonstrates design consideration process of the 400Hz converter control system with relaible output power effectively. Soe Winn | Hla Yin Htwe | Hla Hla Naing "Design and Performance Analysis of 400Hz Static Frequency Converter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26701.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26701/design-and-performance-analysis-of-400hz-static-frequency-converter/soe-winn
This document investigates electromagnetic interference from the power supply of a pulsed solid state laser. The power supply charges a 300 microfarad capacitor bank to 3 kilovolts then discharges the energy through a flash lamp. Measurements were taken of radiated electromagnetic noise using antennas up to 1 GHz as well as near field probes and conducted line noise. The results show that while a coaxial cable provides better shielding at some frequencies, it also has resonance points where interference increases compared to a single core cable. Overall, the coaxial cable achieved approximately 2-3 decibel reduction in electromagnetic emissions.
The document describes point-of-care computing solutions from Metro, focusing on their fully integrated workstations. Key advantages include using more efficient DC power architecture to maximize battery life and uptime. Their solutions are engineered for reliability and optimized workflow. Metro workstations arrive ready to use with software pre-installed, unlike competitors where components must be assembled.
L-Z Source Based 11 Level Diode-Clamped Multi Level InverterIJMTST Journal
Multilevel inverters (MLI) have the capability of producing less distorted ac voltages across its output terminals. The output available across any MLI is a stepped sine wave. Among the available configurations diode clamped topology has the ability of providing reverse recovery ability for the switches. So in this project a new converter topology based on Z-Source configuration combined with a diode clamped multilevel is proposed. Usually classical Z-Source inverters contain a diode, capacitors and inductors for boosting the voltage. The Z-Source inverters suffer with inrush currents and resonance. The disadvantages of these capacitors are eliminated with the help of a new circuit comprising of inductors and diodes. The Z-Source of the network contains only inductors. The Z-Source acts like a current source and is cascaded with a diode clamped multilevel inverter. The main advantage of this configuration is that size of the filter is minimized and has the ability of producing least distortion in output current when the system is operated with lagging power factor loads. The proposed circuit is modeled and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Switching pulse generation for DC-DC boost converter using Xilinx-ISE with FP...IJECEIAES
This paper explains steps to generate switching pulse using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA processor for DC-DC boost converter. The switching pulse generated using Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) with Xilinx-ISE. VHDL is a programming language, which is used to model and design any complex circuits in a dynamic environment. This paper gives the course of action for generation of switching pulses for dc-dc boost converter using Xilinx-ISE and matlab simulink. The switching pulse generated using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA-Spartan 6 processor compared with switching pulse generated using matlab.
EPCOS is a leading manufacturer of electronic components including capacitors, inductors, EMC filters, sensors and sensor systems, nonlinear resistors, and arresters. It focuses on technologically demanding markets in areas like information technology, automotive, industrial, and consumer electronics. EPCOS offers both standard components and application-specific solutions. It has global design, manufacturing and marketing facilities and is continually improving processes and quality management. EPCOS provides a broad portfolio of power factor correction capacitor series and components for optimizing power quality and factor.
The long established battery chargers are having many drawbacks such as prominent ripple charging current, less efficiency and bulky in size. To overcome these drawbacks of conventional battery charger, several charging circuits have been proposed and inevitability force to design a high-performance battery charger with small in size and improved efficiency. In this paper solar photovoltaic system based half-bridge series–parallel resonant converter (HBSPRC) charger is proposed for battery interface. The converter is designed to abolish low and high-frequency ripple currents and thus take full advantage of the life of secondary battery circuit. This is achieved by designing converter switches turn on at zero current and zero voltage with switching frequency greater than that of resonance frequency which leads to freewheeling diodes need not have very fast reverse-recovery characteristics. The performance of the power converters depends upon the control method adopted; in this work fuzzy logic controller is used for controlling the output voltage of HBSPRC. The fuzzy control scheme for the HBSPR converter has been designed and validated in hardware implementation of HBSPRC switching technique. From the results, it is found that the proposed battery charging system which reduces the switching loss and voltage stress across the power switches which increases the efficiency of the converter.
This document summarizes a novel proposed single-phase bridgeless AC/DC power factor correction (PFC) converter topology. The proposed topology aims to improve power factor and reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) compared to conventional PFC converters. By removing the input bridge, the proposed topology simplifies control circuitry. Simulation and experimental results show the proposed topology achieves a power factor of 0.998 and THD of 2.83%, compared to 0.8397 and 5.72% for a conventional SEPIC PFC converter. The proposed topology provides better performance than conventional designs for low power applications requiring high power quality input.
This document discusses powering telecom networks in rural areas. It notes several challenges for rural networks including lack of access to reliable grid power, poor power quality, and difficulty accessing unmanned sites for maintenance. High efficiency is especially important for rural networks where power is more expensive to deliver. The document outlines strategies for improving efficiency, such as new high-efficiency rectifiers, active rectifier management, and innovative power system architectures. It presents data showing the potential cost savings from efficiency gains.
Abstract: AC-DC soft-switching resonant converter with interleaved boost power factor corrector (PFC) is presented. In this converter, an interleaved boost PFC circuit is integrated with a soft-switching resonant converter. High power factor is achieved by the interleaved boost PFC circuit. The input current can be shared among the inductors so that high reliability, power factor and efficiency in power system can be obtained and ripples are also reduced. Another advantage of interleaved technique is reduction of THD. Thus the converter performance can be improved. The voltage across the main switches is confined to the dc-link voltage. Soft-switching operation of main switches and output diodes is achieved. Hence the switching losses are reduced significantly. Therefore, the overall efficiency is improved. Circuit is simulated with 110V AC input voltage and 45V DC output voltage is verified. Performance parameters such as voltage stress and output ripple are also analyzed. The simulation is done in PSIM. Power factor of 0.96 is achieved with this converter. For the hardware, dsPIC30F2010 is used for generating PWM pulse with switching frequency 90 kHz.
Keywords: Power factor correction (PFC), Soft switching, Resonant converter, Interleaved Boost converter.
Title: Resonant AC-DC Converter with Interleaved Boost PFC
Author: Aqulin Ouseph, Prof. Kiran Boby, Prof. Neena Mani
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement by Harmonic Reduction using Compact Desi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new multilevel inverter design with reduced number of switches to improve power quality by reducing harmonic distortion. The proposed design is a 21-level cascaded H-bridge inverter topology that uses only 24 switches compared to other multilevel inverter designs. The performance of the proposed inverter is validated through MATLAB simulation, which shows it can generate a 21-level output voltage waveform with 10.65% total harmonic distortion under no load conditions.
1) The document discusses operational amplifiers (Op-Amps), including their history, characteristics, and various configurations.
2) Op-Amps have very high gain, high input impedance, and low output impedance. They are often used in amplifier, filter, and instrumentation circuits.
3) There are two main Op-Amp configurations - open loop and closed loop. Open loop has stability issues while closed loop with negative feedback is more commonly used and has advantages like stabilized gain and reduced distortion.
4) Common closed loop Op-Amp circuits include the inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, voltage follower, integrator, and differential amplifier. These are built using negative feedback techniques.
A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output...LeMeniz Infotech
The document proposes a new three-level quasi-two-stage single-phase power factor correction (PFC) converter that provides flexible output voltage and improved conversion efficiency. It aims to address issues with existing PFC converter topologies like high voltage/current stresses on components. The proposed design features sinusoidal input current, a three-level output characteristic, and can output flexible DC voltages. It is intended for applications like plug-in electric vehicle charging and vehicle-to-grid systems.
New Topology for Transformer less Single Stage -Single Switch AC/DC ConverterIJMER
This paper presents a transformer less single-stage single-switch ac/dc converter suitable for universal line applications (90–270 Vrms). The topology consists of a buck-type power-factor correction (PFC) cell with a buck–boost dc/dc cell and part of the input power is directly coupled to the output after the first power processing. With this direct power transfer and sharing capacitor voltages, the converter is able to achieve efficient power conversion, high power factor, low voltage stress on intermediate bus (less than 120 V) and low output voltage without a high step-down transformer. The absence of transformer reduces the size of the circuit , component counts and cost of the converter. Unlike most of the boost-type PFC cell, the main switch of the proposed converter only handles the peak inductor current of dc/dc cell rather than the superposition of both inductor currents. Tight voltage regulation is provided by using PID controller. Detailed analysis and design procedures and simulation of the proposed circuit are given .
Loss free resistor-based power factor correction using a semi-bridgeless boos...LeMeniz Infotech
Loss free resistor-based power factor correction using a semi-bridgeless boost rectifier in sliding-mode control
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Visit : www.lemenizinfotech.com / www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
1. The document describes uranium and thorium mineralization hosted in granitic pegmatites and leucogranites in the Fraser Lakes area of northern Saskatchewan.
2. The mineralized pegmatites intrude the contact between Wollaston Group metasedimentary rocks and underlying Archean orthogneisses and show evidence of igneous assimilation-fractional crystallization processes.
3. Pegmatites on the northern limb of a fold nose are enriched in thorium and light rare earth elements, becoming enriched in uranium and heavy rare earth elements on the western side. Mineralogy indicates the pegmatites formed from partial melting of metasedimentary rocks in the middle-lower crust
The document describes various engine parts, including their composition, function, and construction. It discusses cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshafts, camshafts, valves, bearings, and propeller gearing. The key components work together to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotating motion that drives the propeller.
Timer with audible warning with circuit Diagram Team Kuk
From detectors to automobiles, audible alarms (also known to be called buzzers) have become a part of our everyday life. Some of the uses of these alarms are innocuous such as in a microwave oven. However, in some applications such as in a smoke detector or medical equipment, a person’s life may depend upon the audible warning sound. In all cases, the equipment designer should consider the desired characteristics of the audible alarm at the initial design-planning phase to obtain satisfactory performance and avoid costly redesign. The first characteristic for a designer to consider is the type of sound such as a continuous, intermittent or specialty sound. Other critical criteria include sound level, frequency, current draw, quality, mounting configuration, cost, and availability
This document discusses different power converter topologies that can be used for LED lighting applications. It begins by introducing LEDs and their advantages over traditional lighting. It then categorizes power converter topologies as either non-isolated or isolated. For non-isolated topologies, it describes the buck, boost, and buck-boost converters in detail, including their operating principles and voltage gain equations. It also discusses isolated topologies like flyback converters and notes their use of a transformer to provide isolation between input and output. In concluding, the document provides a classification of isolated converters as either asymmetric or symmetric based on their magnetic operating cycle.
This document describes the design of an enhancement mode GaAs PHEMT LNA with a linearity-controllable and phase-matched mitigated bypass switch, as well as a differential active mixer. The LNA operates in three modes - high linearity, low linearity, and bypass - to optimize performance based on signal strength. A novel phase shift element in the bypass switch maintains phase matching between LNA modes. The low-power differential mixer incorporates an active balun and buffer amplifier. Measurements show the LNA and mixer meet specifications for wireless applications.
Improved power quality buck boost converter for SMPSIJECEIAES
In this paper, a Neural Network (NN) controlled Buck-Boost Converter (BBC) based Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) for a PC application is proposed. The proposed BBC is analyzed, modeled and designed for the rated load. Generally, the utilization of Multiple Output SMPS (MOSMPS) for PC application introduces Power Quality (PQ) issues in the power system network. Unlike conventional SMPS the proposed NN controlled BBC can accomplish improvement of power quality. The NN controller reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of source current below 5%, maintains input side Power Factor (PF) to be nearly unity and improves the output voltage regulation. In the proposed system, NN controller replaces the conventional PI controller and overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional system. The proposed BBC is validated adopting MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation analysis validate that the proposed NN controlled BBC performs better than conventional converter in terms of PQ indices under fluctuating conditions.
Bridgeless CUK Rectifier with Output Voltage Regulation using Fuzzy controllerIOSR Journals
This document describes a bridgeless CUK rectifier for power factor correction with output voltage regulation using a fuzzy controller. The bridgeless CUK rectifier lacks an input diode bridge to reduce conduction losses. It is operated in discontinuous conduction mode for near unity power factor and zero voltage switching. Simulation results show the input current tracks the voltage with a power factor of 0.998 and total harmonic distortion of 2%. A fuzzy logic controller is used to regulate the output voltage to a reference value of 40V and maintains the voltage even with changes in input voltage or load.
Design and Performance Analysis of 400Hz Static Frequency Converterijtsrd
Nowadays solid state technology, engine driven generators, as an aircraft power system, supply 400Hz elecctrical loads for more efficient and effectiveness. The system produces stable and constant 400Hz from variable input frequency of DC link converter. Constant speed drive was momentously replaced by means of providing a constant frequency power supply of static frequency converter. Furthermore, easiness of repair and replacement, reduction in servicing needs, and the ability to locate the components of the electrical system are extended effectiveness of static frequency converter. Research demonstrates design consideration process of the 400Hz converter control system with relaible output power effectively. Soe Winn | Hla Yin Htwe | Hla Hla Naing "Design and Performance Analysis of 400Hz Static Frequency Converter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26701.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26701/design-and-performance-analysis-of-400hz-static-frequency-converter/soe-winn
This document investigates electromagnetic interference from the power supply of a pulsed solid state laser. The power supply charges a 300 microfarad capacitor bank to 3 kilovolts then discharges the energy through a flash lamp. Measurements were taken of radiated electromagnetic noise using antennas up to 1 GHz as well as near field probes and conducted line noise. The results show that while a coaxial cable provides better shielding at some frequencies, it also has resonance points where interference increases compared to a single core cable. Overall, the coaxial cable achieved approximately 2-3 decibel reduction in electromagnetic emissions.
The document describes point-of-care computing solutions from Metro, focusing on their fully integrated workstations. Key advantages include using more efficient DC power architecture to maximize battery life and uptime. Their solutions are engineered for reliability and optimized workflow. Metro workstations arrive ready to use with software pre-installed, unlike competitors where components must be assembled.
L-Z Source Based 11 Level Diode-Clamped Multi Level InverterIJMTST Journal
Multilevel inverters (MLI) have the capability of producing less distorted ac voltages across its output terminals. The output available across any MLI is a stepped sine wave. Among the available configurations diode clamped topology has the ability of providing reverse recovery ability for the switches. So in this project a new converter topology based on Z-Source configuration combined with a diode clamped multilevel is proposed. Usually classical Z-Source inverters contain a diode, capacitors and inductors for boosting the voltage. The Z-Source inverters suffer with inrush currents and resonance. The disadvantages of these capacitors are eliminated with the help of a new circuit comprising of inductors and diodes. The Z-Source of the network contains only inductors. The Z-Source acts like a current source and is cascaded with a diode clamped multilevel inverter. The main advantage of this configuration is that size of the filter is minimized and has the ability of producing least distortion in output current when the system is operated with lagging power factor loads. The proposed circuit is modeled and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Switching pulse generation for DC-DC boost converter using Xilinx-ISE with FP...IJECEIAES
This paper explains steps to generate switching pulse using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA processor for DC-DC boost converter. The switching pulse generated using Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) with Xilinx-ISE. VHDL is a programming language, which is used to model and design any complex circuits in a dynamic environment. This paper gives the course of action for generation of switching pulses for dc-dc boost converter using Xilinx-ISE and matlab simulink. The switching pulse generated using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA-Spartan 6 processor compared with switching pulse generated using matlab.
EPCOS is a leading manufacturer of electronic components including capacitors, inductors, EMC filters, sensors and sensor systems, nonlinear resistors, and arresters. It focuses on technologically demanding markets in areas like information technology, automotive, industrial, and consumer electronics. EPCOS offers both standard components and application-specific solutions. It has global design, manufacturing and marketing facilities and is continually improving processes and quality management. EPCOS provides a broad portfolio of power factor correction capacitor series and components for optimizing power quality and factor.
The long established battery chargers are having many drawbacks such as prominent ripple charging current, less efficiency and bulky in size. To overcome these drawbacks of conventional battery charger, several charging circuits have been proposed and inevitability force to design a high-performance battery charger with small in size and improved efficiency. In this paper solar photovoltaic system based half-bridge series–parallel resonant converter (HBSPRC) charger is proposed for battery interface. The converter is designed to abolish low and high-frequency ripple currents and thus take full advantage of the life of secondary battery circuit. This is achieved by designing converter switches turn on at zero current and zero voltage with switching frequency greater than that of resonance frequency which leads to freewheeling diodes need not have very fast reverse-recovery characteristics. The performance of the power converters depends upon the control method adopted; in this work fuzzy logic controller is used for controlling the output voltage of HBSPRC. The fuzzy control scheme for the HBSPR converter has been designed and validated in hardware implementation of HBSPRC switching technique. From the results, it is found that the proposed battery charging system which reduces the switching loss and voltage stress across the power switches which increases the efficiency of the converter.
This document summarizes a novel proposed single-phase bridgeless AC/DC power factor correction (PFC) converter topology. The proposed topology aims to improve power factor and reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) compared to conventional PFC converters. By removing the input bridge, the proposed topology simplifies control circuitry. Simulation and experimental results show the proposed topology achieves a power factor of 0.998 and THD of 2.83%, compared to 0.8397 and 5.72% for a conventional SEPIC PFC converter. The proposed topology provides better performance than conventional designs for low power applications requiring high power quality input.
This document discusses powering telecom networks in rural areas. It notes several challenges for rural networks including lack of access to reliable grid power, poor power quality, and difficulty accessing unmanned sites for maintenance. High efficiency is especially important for rural networks where power is more expensive to deliver. The document outlines strategies for improving efficiency, such as new high-efficiency rectifiers, active rectifier management, and innovative power system architectures. It presents data showing the potential cost savings from efficiency gains.
Abstract: AC-DC soft-switching resonant converter with interleaved boost power factor corrector (PFC) is presented. In this converter, an interleaved boost PFC circuit is integrated with a soft-switching resonant converter. High power factor is achieved by the interleaved boost PFC circuit. The input current can be shared among the inductors so that high reliability, power factor and efficiency in power system can be obtained and ripples are also reduced. Another advantage of interleaved technique is reduction of THD. Thus the converter performance can be improved. The voltage across the main switches is confined to the dc-link voltage. Soft-switching operation of main switches and output diodes is achieved. Hence the switching losses are reduced significantly. Therefore, the overall efficiency is improved. Circuit is simulated with 110V AC input voltage and 45V DC output voltage is verified. Performance parameters such as voltage stress and output ripple are also analyzed. The simulation is done in PSIM. Power factor of 0.96 is achieved with this converter. For the hardware, dsPIC30F2010 is used for generating PWM pulse with switching frequency 90 kHz.
Keywords: Power factor correction (PFC), Soft switching, Resonant converter, Interleaved Boost converter.
Title: Resonant AC-DC Converter with Interleaved Boost PFC
Author: Aqulin Ouseph, Prof. Kiran Boby, Prof. Neena Mani
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement by Harmonic Reduction using Compact Desi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new multilevel inverter design with reduced number of switches to improve power quality by reducing harmonic distortion. The proposed design is a 21-level cascaded H-bridge inverter topology that uses only 24 switches compared to other multilevel inverter designs. The performance of the proposed inverter is validated through MATLAB simulation, which shows it can generate a 21-level output voltage waveform with 10.65% total harmonic distortion under no load conditions.
1) The document discusses operational amplifiers (Op-Amps), including their history, characteristics, and various configurations.
2) Op-Amps have very high gain, high input impedance, and low output impedance. They are often used in amplifier, filter, and instrumentation circuits.
3) There are two main Op-Amp configurations - open loop and closed loop. Open loop has stability issues while closed loop with negative feedback is more commonly used and has advantages like stabilized gain and reduced distortion.
4) Common closed loop Op-Amp circuits include the inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, voltage follower, integrator, and differential amplifier. These are built using negative feedback techniques.
A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output...LeMeniz Infotech
The document proposes a new three-level quasi-two-stage single-phase power factor correction (PFC) converter that provides flexible output voltage and improved conversion efficiency. It aims to address issues with existing PFC converter topologies like high voltage/current stresses on components. The proposed design features sinusoidal input current, a three-level output characteristic, and can output flexible DC voltages. It is intended for applications like plug-in electric vehicle charging and vehicle-to-grid systems.
New Topology for Transformer less Single Stage -Single Switch AC/DC ConverterIJMER
This paper presents a transformer less single-stage single-switch ac/dc converter suitable for universal line applications (90–270 Vrms). The topology consists of a buck-type power-factor correction (PFC) cell with a buck–boost dc/dc cell and part of the input power is directly coupled to the output after the first power processing. With this direct power transfer and sharing capacitor voltages, the converter is able to achieve efficient power conversion, high power factor, low voltage stress on intermediate bus (less than 120 V) and low output voltage without a high step-down transformer. The absence of transformer reduces the size of the circuit , component counts and cost of the converter. Unlike most of the boost-type PFC cell, the main switch of the proposed converter only handles the peak inductor current of dc/dc cell rather than the superposition of both inductor currents. Tight voltage regulation is provided by using PID controller. Detailed analysis and design procedures and simulation of the proposed circuit are given .
Loss free resistor-based power factor correction using a semi-bridgeless boos...LeMeniz Infotech
Loss free resistor-based power factor correction using a semi-bridgeless boost rectifier in sliding-mode control
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
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Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
1. The document describes uranium and thorium mineralization hosted in granitic pegmatites and leucogranites in the Fraser Lakes area of northern Saskatchewan.
2. The mineralized pegmatites intrude the contact between Wollaston Group metasedimentary rocks and underlying Archean orthogneisses and show evidence of igneous assimilation-fractional crystallization processes.
3. Pegmatites on the northern limb of a fold nose are enriched in thorium and light rare earth elements, becoming enriched in uranium and heavy rare earth elements on the western side. Mineralogy indicates the pegmatites formed from partial melting of metasedimentary rocks in the middle-lower crust
The document describes various engine parts, including their composition, function, and construction. It discusses cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshafts, camshafts, valves, bearings, and propeller gearing. The key components work together to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotating motion that drives the propeller.
The document discusses the selection and use of bearings. It describes the functions of bearings as supporting loads on shafts and locating the shaft position. It outlines types of bearings as sliding contact or rolling contact. Rolling contact bearings include ball bearings and roller bearings. When selecting a bearing, factors to consider include load type (radial, thrust, or combined), load capacity, dimensions, intended use conditions, and desired service life. Installation of ball bearings requires proper shaft and housing design, lubrication provision, and sealing.
1) The document provides specifications and part replacement guidelines for engines.
2) Key specifications include valve timing, compression ratio, piston dimensions, and valve guide clearances.
3) It instructs only to replace certain parts like seals, gaskets, and pins when reassembling engines, and to apply specified oils and greases to locations.
Kinetrol Series 180 - 189 Actuator Spring Removal Replacement InstructionsKinetrol USA
The document provides instructions for removing and replacing the spring pack in 180/189 spring return actuators. It warns that the wound springs store a large amount of energy that can be dangerous if suddenly released. The removal process involves securely supporting the actuator, using a keeper plate to remove spring tension, lifting the spring pack out of the actuator, and protecting the springs during storage. Reassembly involves replacing parts like the base plate gasket if needed, lowering the spring pack back onto the actuator square end and baseplate register, and using air pressure to allow bolts to be fitted and retain the spring pack.
The document provides information on standard service procedures for engines, including form-in-place gaskets, honing cylinder bores, measuring crankshaft and connecting rod bearing clearances using Plastigage, repairing damaged or worn threads using a Heli-Coil tap, and servicing a 4.0L engine assembly (short block). It includes diagrams and step-by-step instructions for compression testing, measuring bearing clearance, and honing cylinder bores. Tables of contents and indexes provide page references for additional information on specific engines and procedures.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for replacing the clutch basket on a motorcycle. It involves draining the oil and coolant, removing parts like fairings and footpegs, taking off the clutch cover and pressure plate to access the clutch basket, installing the new basket along with related gaskets and seals, and reassembling the bike by reversing the removal steps. Proper torque specifications from the service manual and bleeding air from the coolant system are emphasized.
Bearings are used to support rotating shafts and allow frictionless rotation. Plain or sliding contact bearings include journal, footstep, and thrust bearings which have direct sliding contact between the shaft and bearing material. Journal bearings support radial loads on a shaft running through the bearing. Footstep bearings support vertical shafts with axial loads. Thrust bearings support axial loads on a shaft passing through the bearing. Common bearing materials include brass, bronze, and babbitt metal which can be replaced if worn.
The crankcase supports and encloses the crankshaft and provides an oil reservoir. It holds the engine parts in alignment and supports the cylinders and crankshaft. The crankshaft rotates within the crankcase and is supported by main bearing journals, with throws that account for the reciprocating motion of the pistons. The camshaft opens and closes the valves using lobes timed to the crankshaft.
This is a presentation about ball bearing manufacturing manufacturing process. There are mainly 6 parts of knowledge included in this presentation. Please visit
(1) The document provides calculations to determine the required base plate thickness for a column base connection according to Eurocode standards. It includes input parameters such as column forces, material properties, bolt sizes and locations.
(2) Three equations are solved simultaneously to determine the maximum pressure under the base plate, tension in the hold down bolts, and active concrete area.
(3) The calculated pressure and bolt tension exceed design values, requiring a redesign of the base plate length/width or use of higher strength concrete.
(4) The minimum required base plate thickness is then calculated based on the design bending moment and material yield strength.
An actuator is a motor that converts energy into motion. Hydraulic actuators use pressurized fluid to move a piston inside a cylinder. This provides precise linear motion. Common types include single-acting cylinders, which move in one direction, and double-acting cylinders, which can move in both directions. Hydraulic actuators are used widely in industrial and vehicular applications due to their strength, precision of movement, and ability to produce high torque.
Actuators are devices that produce motion or action in response to an input signal. Common types of actuators include solenoids, hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, motors, and piezoelectric actuators. Actuators convert various energy sources like electrical, fluid, or mechanical energy into motion or force. Common applications include industrial machinery, vehicles, and automation equipment.
Bearing Description about basic, types, failure causesPankaj
This document discusses different types of bearings. It begins by defining a bearing as a device that allows constrained relative motion between two parts, typically rotation or linear movement. It then classifies bearings based on the motions they allow and their principle of operation. The document goes on to describe various types of bearings in detail, including ball bearings, roller bearings, thrust bearings, tapered roller bearings, and cylindrical roller bearings. It provides information on the characteristics, advantages, applications, and physical features of each bearing type.
SMPS (switching mode power supply) converts unregulated AC or DC input to regulated DC output. It first rectifies and filters the input using a capacitor, then feeds the unregulated DC to a high frequency DC-DC converter using a transformer. SMPS are more efficient than linear power supplies due to using switching components instead of dissipative components. Common SMPS topologies include flyback, forward, half-bridge, and full-bridge converters, with flyback being commonly used for power levels below 100W. SMPS provide benefits like multiple isolated outputs, high efficiency, small size, and low cost.
Switching DC power supplies (SMPS) convert unregulated AC or DC input voltage to a regulated DC output voltage using a high frequency DC-to-DC converter and transformer. SMPS are more efficient than linear power supplies due to using switching components that result in lower losses. SMPS can provide multiple isolated output voltages and have smaller size due to the high frequency transformer. The output is regulated using pulse-width modulation (PWM) control of the switching converter to maintain a constant output voltage despite input variations. Common converter circuit topologies in SMPS include flyback, forward, half-bridge, and full-bridge converters.
The InnoSwitch3-CP family of ICs dramatically simplifies the design and manufacture of flyback power converters. The ICs integrate primary and secondary controllers and safety-rated feedback into a single chip. Key features include high efficiency up to 94%, constant power profile to minimize charging time, accurate constant voltage/current control, and advanced protection features. Applications include high efficiency flyback designs up to 100W and USB PD/QC/proprietary protocol chargers.
The document describes the InnoSwitch3-CE family of integrated circuit devices that simplify the design of flyback power converters up to 65W. The ICs incorporate primary and secondary controllers, safety-rated feedback, and protection features into a single package. Key features include high efficiency up to 94%, compact size, constant voltage/current output accuracy, and advanced safety protections. The ICs can be used to design efficient chargers, adapters, and other consumer electronics applications.
This document discusses different types of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems, including standby, line interactive, standby-ferro, and double conversion online UPS types. It defines each type, discusses their practical applications, and lists advantages and disadvantages. The goal is to provide information to help choose the appropriate UPS topology for different needs.
EPCOS is a leading manufacturer of electronic components and modules that offers power quality solutions. Their broad portfolio includes capacitors, inductors, filters, sensors, and other components. EPCOS focuses on technologically demanding markets like communications, automotive, industrial, and consumer electronics. The document provides an overview of EPCOS' power factor correction product line, including capacitor series, controllers, switching devices, and reactors that can improve power quality by reducing reactive power and improving voltage stability. It also includes fundamentals of power factor correction and component selection guides.
This document provides an overview of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system. It describes the key parts of a UPS including the charger card, battery, inverter card, and display card. It also includes block diagrams that show how the different components work together. The document discusses the different types of UPS systems, common output waveforms, applications of UPS systems, and key differences between UPS and inverter systems.
This document provides an overview of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system. It describes the key parts of a UPS including the charger card, battery, inverter card, and display card. It also includes block diagrams that show how power flows through the UPS from the main AC supply to the inverter and loads. The document discusses different types of UPS systems, common UPS waveforms, applications of UPS systems, and key differences between UPS systems and inverters.
Automatic street light using ldr and relayShivam Raidas
The document describes an automatic street light controller circuit that uses relays and an LDR (light dependent resistor). The circuit uses an LDR, which has a resistance that changes based on light levels, along with some other components connected to an operational amplifier IC. The circuit is able to automatically turn on street lights or household lights when it gets dark based on the changing resistance of the LDR. It provides light when needed using very few, low power components, requiring no manual operation or maintenance.
This document provides a technical comparison of two types of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) designs: line-interactive and double-conversion online. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of each, noting they are best suited for different power ranges. The document also discusses considerations for determining which UPS topology best suits the needs of specific IT equipment and environments.
1. The document describes the VIPer22A, a low power offline SMPS primary switcher integrated circuit that combines a current mode PWM controller with a high voltage power MOSFET.
2. The VIPer22A has a wide input voltage range of 85-265V, output power capabilities of 7-20W, and a fixed switching frequency of 60kHz.
3. It features current mode control, undervoltage lockout, overtemperature protection, and can accommodate supply voltages from 9-38V on its VDD pin.
Reactive Power Compensation in 132kv & 33kv Grid of Narsinghpur Areaijceronline
Power Sector is considered to be very important and priority sector as it leads to overall development of country. The cost of installation of new generating units is rising; hence generated electrical energy has to be utilized carefully and efficiently, which changes through each AC cycle. It is proposed to study the effect of group shunt compensation provided for the mix of rural and urban loads, catered from grid sub-stations in the district of Narsinghpur, to assess its adequacy and saving in transmission losses. An optimum combination of compensators which yields maximum benefits in the system shall be worked out. Load Flow Study for the effect of group shunt compensation provided on 132KV bus of 220KV sub-station Narsinghpur and on 33KV buses of 132KV sub stations Srinagar, Narsinghpur, Gadarwara and Burman sub-stations for the mix of rural and urban loads, catered from partial grid network in Narsinghpur district. If reactive power is supplied near the load, the line current can be reduced or minimized, reducing power losses and improving voltage regulation at the load terminals. The leading current drawn by the shunt capacitors compensates the lagging current drawn by the load. The selection of shunt capacitors depends on many factors, the most important of which is the amount of lagging reactive power taken by the load. Objective was to study the effect of group shunt compensation provided for the mix of rural and urban loads, catered from grid sub-stations in the district of Narsinghpur and to assess the adequacy and saving in transmission losses & to work out an optimum combination of compensators which yields maximum benefits in the system. Depending on the stages of 'ON' and 'OFF', operations to be carried out in various permutations and combinations of shunt compensators i.e. switchable capacitor banks provided on 132 KV bus of 220KV substation Narsinghpur and on 33KV buses of 132 KV substations
Original Power Supply IC LNK362PN DIP-7 New Power IntegrationsAUTHELECTRONIC
This document provides information on the LinkSwitch-XT family of energy efficient, low power off-line switcher ICs. It highlights the key features and benefits of LinkSwitch-XT ICs, including their optimized and low cost design, integrated protection features, high efficiency, and ability to meet global energy efficiency regulations. Example applications and a typical circuit design are also provided to illustrate use of the LinkSwitch-XT ICs.
This is Solar Array Simulator to test the solar inverters for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) with dynamic simulation of Voc, Isc (I-V curves), Irradiation, Temperature coefficients, diff daly light conditions including cloudy, rainy dark conditions.
About 7 installations already in India in research & educational institutions
The document describes a multiple output power supply design for a DVD player with the following key points:
1. It provides 7.5W of continuous output power and 13W of peak power with outputs of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and -12V regulated using a TinySwitch-PK controller in a flyback topology.
2. It achieves good cross-regulation between the 5V and 3.3V outputs through minimizing leakage and sum regulating the feedback.
3. It includes features for EMI filtering, surge protection, clamping, and a unique peak mode for boosting current limit during peaks loads.
This document describes a wireless switch circuit control system that uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) to detect hand gestures and switch electronic appliances on and off. When a hand is placed over the LDR, it causes the circuit to toggle a JK flip-flop, changing the output and switching the appliance. The circuit provides contactless switching to reduce electric shocks while allowing children to safely operate devices. It uses common electronic components like an LDR, capacitor, resistor, transistor, diode and operational amplifier.
This document describes a practical low-cost pulse width modulation (PWM) battery charger for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications using fuzzy logic control. The charger utilizes the power transistors in the PWM inverter to charge the battery, reducing components and improving efficiency compared to separate battery chargers. Fuzzy logic control provides easier implementation and better dynamic performance than traditional feedback control methods. The charger functions as either an inverter or battery charger depending on operational mode, transferring energy stored in an inductor to charge the battery through four charging modes controlled by transistors.
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Isolated Multi-Output Flyback ConverterIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of an isolated multi-output flyback converter. A flyback converter uses a single switch and transformer to provide isolated output voltages from an input source. The designed converter uses a toroidal transformer with multiple secondary windings to generate multiple isolated output voltages at fixed levels. Simulation results and specifications for the transformer, switch, and outputs are provided. The flyback converter provides an efficient and low-cost solution for applications requiring multiple isolated low-power DC outputs.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes combining a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) with a photovoltaic (PV) array. The UPQC uses series and shunt inverters connected back-to-back to compensate for both voltage and current-related power quality issues in both grid-connected and islanding modes. By connecting the PV array to the UPQC's DC link, the system can inject active power from the PV to the grid during voltage interruptions or islanding events. Control strategies are described for operating the shunt and series inverters to compensate for harmonics, reactive power, and voltage disturbances while also injecting PV power as needed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the
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Unlock the full potential of the MECE (Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive) Principle with this comprehensive PowerPoint deck. Designed to enhance your analytical skills and strategic decision-making, this presentation guides you through the fundamental concepts, advanced techniques, and practical applications of the MECE framework, ensuring you can apply it effectively in various business contexts.
The MECE Principle, developed by Barbara Minto, an ex-consultant at McKinsey, is a foundational tool for structured thinking. Minto is also renowned for the Minto Pyramid Principle, which emphasizes the importance of logical structuring in writing and presenting ideas. This presentation includes a clear explanation of the MECE principle and its significance. It offers a detailed exploration of MECE concepts and categories, highlighting how to create mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive segments. You will learn to combine MECE with other powerful business frameworks like SWOT, Porter's Five Forces, and BCG Matrix. Discover sophisticated methods for applying MECE in complex scenarios and enhancing your problem-solving abilities. The deck also provides a step-by-step guide to performing thorough and structured MECE analyses, ensuring no aspect is overlooked. Insider tips are included to help you avoid common mistakes and optimize your MECE applications.
The presentation features illustrative examples from various industries to show MECE in action, providing practical insights and inspiration. It includes engaging group activities designed for the practice of the MECE principle, fostering collaborative learning and application. Key takeaways and success factors for mastering the MECE principle and applying it in your professional work are also covered.
The MECE Principle presentation is meticulously designed to provide you with all the tools and knowledge you need to master the MECE principle. Whether you're a business analyst, manager, or strategist, this presentation will empower you to deliver insightful and actionable analysis, drive better decision-making, and achieve outstanding results.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Understand the MECE Principle
2. Improve Analytical Skills
3. Apply MECE Framework
4. Enhance Decision-Making
5. Optimize Resource Allocation
6. Facilitate Strategic Planning
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L'indice de performance des ports à conteneurs de l'année 2023SPATPortToamasina
Une évaluation comparable de la performance basée sur le temps d'escale des navires
L'objectif de l'ICPP est d'identifier les domaines d'amélioration qui peuvent en fin de compte bénéficier à toutes les parties concernées, des compagnies maritimes aux gouvernements nationaux en passant par les consommateurs. Il est conçu pour servir de point de référence aux principaux acteurs de l'économie mondiale, notamment les autorités et les opérateurs portuaires, les gouvernements nationaux, les organisations supranationales, les agences de développement, les divers intérêts maritimes et d'autres acteurs publics et privés du commerce, de la logistique et des services de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.
Le développement de l'ICPP repose sur le temps total passé par les porte-conteneurs dans les ports, de la manière expliquée dans les sections suivantes du rapport, et comme dans les itérations précédentes de l'ICPP. Cette quatrième itération utilise des données pour l'année civile complète 2023. Elle poursuit le changement introduit l'année dernière en n'incluant que les ports qui ont eu un minimum de 24 escales valides au cours de la période de 12 mois de l'étude. Le nombre de ports inclus dans l'ICPP 2023 est de 405.
Comme dans les éditions précédentes de l'ICPP, la production du classement fait appel à deux approches méthodologiques différentes : une approche administrative, ou technique, une méthodologie pragmatique reflétant les connaissances et le jugement des experts ; et une approche statistique, utilisant l'analyse factorielle (AF), ou plus précisément la factorisation matricielle. L'utilisation de ces deux approches vise à garantir que le classement des performances des ports à conteneurs reflète le plus fidèlement possible les performances réelles des ports, tout en étant statistiquement robuste.
Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: IntroductionCor Verdouw
Introduction to the Panel on: Pathways and Challenges: AI-Driven Technology in Agri-Food, AI4Food, University of Guelph
“Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: a Path Forward”, 18 June 2024
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Unlocking WhatsApp Marketing with HubSpot: Integrating Messaging into Your Ma...Niswey
50 million companies worldwide leverage WhatsApp as a key marketing channel. You may have considered adding it to your marketing mix, or probably already driving impressive conversions with WhatsApp.
But wait. What happens when you fully integrate your WhatsApp campaigns with HubSpot?
That's exactly what we explored in this session.
We take a look at everything that you need to know in order to deploy effective WhatsApp marketing strategies, and integrate it with your buyer journey in HubSpot. From technical requirements to innovative campaign strategies, to advanced campaign reporting - we discuss all that and more, to leverage WhatsApp for maximum impact. Check out more details about the event here https://events.hubspot.com/events/details/hubspot-new-delhi-presents-unlocking-whatsapp-marketing-with-hubspot-integrating-messaging-into-your-marketing-strategy/
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Adani Group's Active Interest In Increasing Its Presence in the Cement Manufa...Adani case
Time and again, the business group has taken up new business ventures, each of which has allowed it to expand its horizons further and reach new heights. Even amidst the Adani CBI Investigation, the firm has always focused on improving its cement business.
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9030 rps datasheet_gfk1920
1. IC693 PLC
IC693ACC350, IC693ACC340/341
GFK-1920 Redundant Power Supply System
March 29, 2001
PWR
The IC693 Redundant Power Supply System consists of a OK
RUN
Baseplate and an Adapter, described below. BATT
REDUNDANT POWER
Redundant Power Supply (RPS) Baseplate SUPPLY ADAPTER
PROGRAMMABLE
The Redundant Power Supply Baseplate has slots for two CONTROLLER
standard IC693 power supplies, an attached adapter
connection cable that connects to the Power Supply
Adapter, status LED lights, a 24VDC user output, and
status relay outputs. There are two models of RPS ACTIVE
COMM
Baseplates, which are identical except for the length of PORT
the adapter connection cable. The IC693ACC340 has a
0.125-meter cable, and the IC693ACC341 has a 0.6-meter
cable.
B
Redundant Power Supply Adapter A
T
T
The Redundant Power Supply Adapter plugs into a E
R
standard IC693 PLC baseplate’s power supply slot. It has Y
a connector that mates to the RPS Baseplate’s adapter
connection cable. It also contains the backup battery and
serial port connector for the PLC (backup battery and IC693ACC350 Redundant Power Supply Adapter
serial port connector are not functional on the individual
power supplies).
REDUNDANT POWER SUPPLY
BASEPLATE
PS1 OK PS2 OK
PS1 PS2 Redundant
ACTIVE ACTIVE Power Cable
PS1
PS2
NOTE: COMMUNICATIONS PORTS AND
BATTERIES ON PS1 AND PS2 ARE
INACTIVE. USE THE COMMUNICATIONS
PORT AND BATTERY LOCATED ON THE
REDUNDANT POWER SUPPLY ADAPTER.
OUTPUT RELAYS REDUNDANT
12/24VDC 24VDC USER
SUPPLY
120/240VAC 0.5a
6 + OUTPUT
PS1 ACTIVE
4 PS1 ACTIVE
24VDC
MAX
0.8A
5 COMMON
PS1 OK
PS2 OK
7 −
1
2
3
IC693ACC340/341 Redundant Power Supply Baseplate
2. 2 Redundant Power Supply System
GFK-1920
Redundant Power Supply Baseplate Mounting Positions
The RPS Baseplate can mount in one of three basic positions on an enclosure panel:
• Above the IC693 PLC baseplate. Use the IC693ACC341 Redundant Baseplate model (with 0.6-
meter cable).
• To the left of the IC693 PLC baseplate. Use the IC693ACC340 Redundant Baseplate model (with
0.125-meter cable).
• Below the IC693 PLC baseplate. Use the IC693ACC341 Redundant Baseplate model (with 0.6-meter
cable).
These three positions are illustrated below.
REDUNDANT BASEPLATE
B
A B
A
T
T T
T
E
R E
R
Y Y
REDUNDANT BASEPLATE
IC693 PLC BASEPLATE
.
B
A B
A
T
T T
T
E
R E
R
Y Y
REDUNDANT BASEPLATE
B
A B
A
T
T T
T
E
R E
R
Y Y
RPS Baseplate Mounting Specifications
Mounting Hardware
Tap four 8#-32 (4mm) holes in the mounting panel using the hole spacing shown in the following figure.
Use four #8-32 (4mm) machine screws with flat washers and lock washers in the baseplate mounting
holes. Mounting hardware should be a high quality, corrosion-resistant type. As shown in the following
figure, two baseplate holes are slotted in order to facilitate a ground wire connection (see “Grounding the
RPS System” on the following page).
Ventilation Clearance
As shown in the following figure, a minimum clearance allowance (open area) on all sides of the
baseplate is required to provide adequate ventilation.
Mounting Orientation
The baseplate is rated for full load output at 60°C (140°F) when mounted to a vertical surface and with its
long dimension oriented horizontally. This orientation provides best ventilation for the power supplies.
Mounting the baseplate in a different orientation results in the following load derating:
• For 25°C (77°F) temperature – full load
• For 60°C (140°F) temperature – 50% of full load
3. Redundant Power Supply System 3
GFK-1920
Dimensions are in Inches (Millimeters are in Parentheses)
4.00
(102)
4.00
(102)
Side View with Power
7.87 (200.0)
Supplies Installed
Power Supply
Baseplate
3.54 5.12
(90) (130)
4.00 *See 5.59 (142)
8.46 (215.0)
(102) Note
CLEARANCE ALLOWANCE FOR COOLING
*Note: Recommended Right Side Clearance Allowance for an IC693ACC340 is 2.5 (63) and for an IC693ACC341 is 4.00 (102)
Grounding the RPS System
The RPS Baseplate should be grounded in the same manner as any IC693 PLC baseplate. Each ground
wire should consist of a size 12 AWG or larger wire with a ring terminal crimped to each end. One end
of each ground wire should be securely fastened to a conductive surface on the mounting panel (this often
requires removing the paint from the panel at the spot where the ground wire is fastened). If all ground
wires are connected to one point, ensure that the method (typically using a stud, nuts, and lock washers) is
approved by applicable electrical codes. The next figure shows an example ground connection for each
of the following components:
• RPS Baseplate and PLC Baseplate. One end of the ground wire should be mounted under the
head of the mounting bolt (with star lock washer and flat washer) in one of the baseplate’s
slotted mounting holes; the other end should connect to the grounding point on the panel.
• RPS Adapter Module. The RPS Adapter’s ground wire is supplied as part of the RPS cable.
See the section “IC693ACC350 Redundant Power Supply Adapter” for details and a picture of
this wire. Connect it to the grounding point on the panel.
RPS Baseplate IC693 10-Slot Baseplate
RPS Adapter
Paint Removed From Panel
Around Ground Connection
4. 4 Redundant Power Supply System
GFK-1920
Installing Power Supplies on the Redundant Power Supply (RPS) Baseplates
The two models of Redundant Power Supply Baseplate have mounting slots for two standard IC693 PLC
power supplies. The two power supplies may be the same catalog number type or different types. They
install on the RPS baseplates in the same manner as on a standard IC693 PLC baseplate. If you are not
familiar with installing IC693 modules, please see the IC693 Hardware and Installation Manual for
details. The following figure shows an RPS Baseplate with both power supplies installed.
PWR
REDUNDANT POWER SUPPLY PWR
BASEPLATE
OK OK
PS1 OK PS2 OK
RUN RUN
B AT T
PS1 PS2 B A TT
Redundant
ACTIVE ACTIVE
Power Cable
STANDARD STANDARD
POWER SUPPLY PS2 POWER SUPPLY
PROGR AMMAB LE CON TRO LLER NOTE: COMMUNICATIONS PORTS AND PROGRAMMAB LE CON TRO LLER
BATTERIES ON PS1 AND PS2 ARE
INPUT INACTIVE. USE THE COMMUNICATIONS INPUT
PORT AND BATTERY LOCATED ON THE
100-240 VAC REDUNDANT POWER ADAPTER. 100-240 VAC
50/60HZ 90VA 50/60HZ 90VA
125 VDC, 50W 125 VDC, 50W
OUTPUT RELAYS REDUNDANT
12/24VDC 24VDC USER
120/240VAC 0.5a SUPPLY
+ +
6 + OUTPUT
4 PS1 ACTIVE
PS1 ACTIVE
24VDC 24VDC
24VDC
MAX
0.8A
5 COMMON
OUTPUT O UTPUT
PS1 OK
PS2 OK
0.8AMAX. 0.8AMAX.
7 −
1
2
3
B B
A A
T T
T T
E E
R R
Y Y
IC693ACC350 Redundant Power Supply (RPS) Adapter
The IC693ACC350 RPS Adapter mounts in the same manner as a standard IC693 power supply in the
left-most slot of an IC693 baseplate. The RPS Adapter’s physical features are shown below. The PLC
LED status indicators, RAM memory backup battery, and serial port connector function in the same
manner as those of a standard PLC power supply. The serial port connector and backup battery do not
work on the power supplies mounted in the RPS Baseplate, and the only LED functional on those power
supplies is the PWR LED. The RPS Adapter’s connectors mate to those on the RPS Baseplate’s power
output cable, which splits out to two connectors at the RPS Adapter end. Also, a short ground wire is
provided for grounding the RPS Adapter (see the section “Grounding the RPS System” for details).
5. Redundant Power Supply System 5
GFK-1920
PWR
GE Fanuc OK
SYSTEM
STATUS
SERIES 90-30 RUN INDIC ATORS
BATT
REDUNDANT POWER COMM PORT DOOR
ADAPTER CONNECTORS SUPPLY ADAPTER
REDUNDANT POWER CABLE
PROGRAMMABLE
GROUND WIRE (#12 AWG, GREEN)
ACTIVE
COMM
PORT
.
BATTERY COVER
RS-485
B COMPATIBLE
A
SERIAL PORT
T
T
E BATTERY
R CONNECTION
LITH IUM
Y
BACK-UP
BA TTER Y
MOUNTING LATCH
Basic Operation
Circuitry in the RPS Baseplate arbitrates (decides which will be on-line) between the two power supplies.
Normally, Power Supply 1 (PS1), on the left, is the Primary supply and Power Supply 2 (PS2), on the
right, is the Secondary supply, operating in hot standby mode. Each power supply provides a discrete
signal, PSOK (1 or 2), to the arbitration circuit that indicates whether the power supply is functioning
correctly (logic 1 = OK, logic 0 = invalid). As long as the PSOK1 signal from PS1 stays at logic 1, it will
continue to stay on-line, and PS2 will be on hot standby. However, if PS1 fails to maintain proper power
output levels, its PSOK1 signal will go to logic 0 and PS2 will quickly be switched on-line. Note that the
power supplies are able to hold their outputs for a short time after PSOK goes to logic zero. Later, if PS1
begins functioning correctly again, its PSOK1 signal will go to logic 1, and the arbitration circuit, after a
five-second delay, will place PS1 on-line and return PS2 to a hot standby status. The five-second delay
helps ensure the stability of PS1. The automatic switching by the arbitration circuit from one supply to
the other is designed to be fast enough to provide uninterrupted output power to the PLC.
Configuration
Configuration requires VersaPro 2.00 or later. The RPS products are not currently supported by any
other PLC software. Configuration consists of selecting the IC693ACC350 RPS Adapter module for the
power supply slot, and filling in the information on the IC693ACC350 configuration screen. See
VersaPro’s on-line help for details.
Memory Backup Battery
The PLC’s RAM memory backup battery must be mounted in the RPS Adapter. The standard IC693
memory backup battery, catalog number 44A724534-001 (this is not an orderable number), is used. A kit
of two replacement batteries can be ordered by specifying catalog number IC693ACC301.
NOTE
A memory backup battery will not be functional if mounted in either of the RPS
Baseplate’s power supplies. To protect PLC memory, the backup battery must be
mounted in the Redundant Power Supply Adapter.
6. 6 Redundant Power Supply System
GFK-1920
Serial Communications Port Connector
The 15-pin D-shell, serial communications port connector on the RPS Adapter provides standard PLC
serial port functionality. The serial communications port connectors are not functional on the RPS
Baseplate’s power supplies.
LED Indicator Lights
Power Supply LED Indicator Lights
The only LED indicator light that functions on the RPS Baseplate power supplies is the PWR LED,
which turns ON to indicate that its 5VDC output is valid.
RPS Adapter LED Indicator Lights
All of the RPS Adapter’s LED indicator lights function as in a normal PLC-mounted power supply. This
normal operation is summarized in the following list:
• PWR – ON when its power supply has a correct source of power and is operating properly. This
LED will be OFF if there is an input power or power supply fault.
• OK – ON if the PLC is operating correctly, and OFF if a problem is detected by the PLC.
• RUN – ON if the PLC is in the RUN mode, and OFF if the PLC is in the STOP mode.
• BATT – the ON state is a warning that the RAM memory backup battery is too low to maintain
memory data upon loss of power. Otherwise, this LED remains OFF.
RPS Baseplate LED Indicators
For normal operation, PS1 OK, PS1 ACTIVE, and PS2 OK should be ON, and PS2 ACTIVE should be
OFF. Note that PS1 ACTIVE and PS2 ACTIVE should not be ON at the same time since only one power
supply can be on-line at a time.
• PS1 OK LED (Green) – ON when PS1 has a correct source of power and is operating properly.
This LED will be OFF if there is an input power fault or power supply fault.
• PS1 ACTIVE LED (Green) – ON when PS1 is on-line (supplying power to the PLC). OFF
when PS1 is off-line (which means that its output is invalid).
• PS2 OK LED (Green) – ON when PS2 has a correct source of power and is operating properly.
This LED will be OFF if there is an input power fault or power supply fault.
• PS2 ACTIVE LED (Green) – ON when PS2 is on-line (supplying power to the PLC). OFF
when PS2 is off-line (in hot standby mode). This LED should only be ON if the PS1 output is
invalid.
7. Redundant Power Supply System 7
GFK-1920
RPS Relay/24VDC Output Terminal Strip
As shown in the following figures, this terminal strip provides connections for Output Relay contacts and
Redundant 24VDC User Power Supply output. The picture on the left shows the terminal strip label on
the RPS Baseplate. The picture on the right shows the internal connection diagram for the same terminal
strip.
Terminal Strip Internal Connections
OUTPUT RELAYS REDUNDANT
12/24VDC 24VDC USER
SUPPLY
120/240VAC 0.5a 24VDC
+ −
6 + OUTPUT
4 PS1 ACTIVE
PS1 ACTIVE
24VDC
MAX
0.8A
5 COMMON
PS1 ACTIVE
PS2 ACTIVE
PS1 OK
PS2 OK
COMMON
PS1 OK
PS2 OK
7 −
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Output Relay Terminal Connections
These four Normally Open output relay contacts reflect the conditions indicated by their corresponding
LED indicator lights. If an LED, such as PS1 OK, is ON, its corresponding PS1 OK output contact will
be Closed; if an LED is OFF, its corresponding output contact will be Open. These four output contacts
are available on terminals 1 – 4 of the Output Relays terminal strip. All share a common terminal,
labeled “COMMON,” which is terminal 5 on the Output Relays terminal strip. These contacts are rated
for 12/24 VDC and 120/240 VAC at 0.5A. This terminal strip has box-style terminals that provide
protection against accidental touching. Each terminal allows connection of a maximum of two stranded
14 AWG copper wires.
• PS1 OK Contact (terminal 1) – Closed when PS1 has a correct source of power and is
operating properly. Open if there is a PS1 input power or power supply fault.
• PS1 ACTIVE Contact (terminal 2) – Closed when PS1 is on-line (supplying power to the
PLC). Open when PS1 is off-line (which means that it is faulted).
• PS2 OK Contact (terminal 3) – Closed when PS2 has a correct source of power and is
operating properly. Open if there is a PS2 input power or power supply fault.
• PS2 ACTIVE Contact (terminal 4) – Closed when PS2 is on-line (supplying power to the
PLC). Open when PS2 is off-line (in hot standby mode).
• COMMON (Terminal 5) – One end of each of the above contacts is tied to this terminal.
Redundant 24VDC User Supply Output
These terminals (terminals 6 and 7) provide an arbitrated, redundant, isolated 24VDC output for use by
the user. Maximum output current available from this supply is 0.83 Amps. Like the other outputs from
this system, this output is arbitrated from the redundant power supplies and is designed to maintain
uninterrupted power even through the failure of one of the power supplies. This output voltage terminal
strip has box-style terminals that provide protection against accidental touching. Each terminal allows
connection of a maximum of two stranded 14 AWG copper wires.
8. 8 Redundant Power Supply System
GFK-1920
System Reliability and Testing
The following are some possible steps you can take to help ensure the reliability of your RPS System:
• If applicable safety codes allow, you might consider supplying the two power supply inputs from
different power sources. For example, since you can mix power supply models in the RPS
Baseplate, one could have a 120 VAC input and the other a 12 or 24 VDC input. Or, both might
have 120 VAC inputs but be supplied from two different lines (read WARNING below). Note:
Ensure that both power supplies can provide the necessary output current for your application; if a
High Capacity power supply is required for your application, both must be High Capacity power
supplies.
WARNING
Use of two different input power sources can create a potential
hazard to personnel maintaining the system and may be subject to
special electrical codes and regulations. Only qualified personnel
who are trained in all applicable electrical safety standards and
practices should work on this system. Failure to heed this warning
could result in personal injury or death.
• Use the RPS Baseplate’s Output Contacts as inputs to a PLC or other device to monitor the condition
of the RPS system. For example, in normal operation, PS1 stays on-line, and PS2 stays in hot-
standby mode. But, if PS2 failed while serving in the hot standby mode, it might go unnoticed until
a PS1 failure occurred, at which time the system would go down. However, by using the PS2 OK
contact, the condition of PS2 can be continually monitored and problems can be reported and
corrected to ensure PS2 will be ready if needed.
• If PS1 failed and PS2 came on-line automatically, the defective condition of PS1 might go
unnoticed. Then, if PS2 failed, the system would go down. By using the PS1 OK contact, the
condition of PS1 can be continually monitored and problems can be reported and corrected to ensure
both power supplies will be ready if needed.
• If you cannot use the RPS Baseplate’s Output Contacts to automatically monitor the system, make
frequent visual inspections of the RPS Baseplate’s LED status lights to ensure that the system is
functioning normally. Since this must be performed with power applied, it should only be done by
trained, qualified personnel who know how to SAFELY perform this check with power applied (see
previous WARNING note).
• Test the functionality of the RPS System during non-critical times (off-hours, plant shut downs, etc.)
by turning off incoming power only to PS1 and observing whether PS2 comes on-line. Then, restore
power to PS1 and observe whether it comes back on-line after the five-second delay. If the system
fails to perform as expected, it can be repaired before the next period of critical operation begins.
• Keep spare RPS System parts on hand to help ensure that problems can be corrected promptly.
• Make a periodic visual inspection of the RPS System. During off-hours, turn off all power to the
system and ensure that (1) baseplate ground connections are secure, (2) terminal strip connections
are secure, (2) modules and connectors are seated securely, and (3) nothing is hindering the free flow
of ventilation air through the power supplies.
Environmental and Agency Requirements
CE, UL, and CUL listings are pending, but have not been received at the time of this writing. For
environmental specifications, please see data sheet GFK-0867.
9. Redundant Power Supply System 9
GFK-1920
Pin-Out for RPS Baseplate Cable Connectors
The following pin-out information is included for troubleshooting purposes. This information applies to
the connectors on the end of the RPS Baseplate cable. Do not unplug this connector when power is
applied. To test the voltages shown below, first turn off power, unplug the connector, then turn on
power to the RPS baseplate power supplies.
WARNING
Only qualified personnel who are trained in all applicable electrical
safety standards and practices should work on this system. Failure
to heed this warning could result in personal injury or death.
• The 5V (+5 VDC) and P24V (+24 VDC Relay Power) voltages should be measured to the 0V
terminals.
• The P24I Isolated +24 VDC terminal should measure +24 VDC with reference to the N24I (Isolated
24 VDC Common) terminal.
• The PSOK signal should measure +5 VDC with reference to the 0V terminals.
• The Earth Ground terminal is capacitor-coupled to internal noise suppression components and should
not be used as a reference for measuring DC voltages.
0V 0V
0V 0V
Connector
Locking Tab 0V 0V
5V 5V
5V 5V
5V 5V
P24V (+24 VDC
Connector PSOK (+5 VDC Power Supply OK Signal)
Relay Power)
Locking Tab
N24I (Isolated 24 Volts Common)
No Connection
Earth Ground P24I (Isolated 24 Volts Positive)
NOTE: These views are looking into the end of the cable connectors
with the locking tabs on the left side as shown. Specified voltages are
nominal values for a properly working system.