This document describes a practical low-cost pulse width modulation (PWM) battery charger for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications using fuzzy logic control. The charger utilizes the power transistors in the PWM inverter to charge the battery, reducing components and improving efficiency compared to separate battery chargers. Fuzzy logic control provides easier implementation and better dynamic performance than traditional feedback control methods. The charger functions as either an inverter or battery charger depending on operational mode, transferring energy stored in an inductor to charge the battery through four charging modes controlled by transistors.
Simulation of Five Level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverterrahulmonikasharma
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. The voltage source inverters produce an output voltage or a current with levels either 0 or +ve or-ve V dc. They are known as two-level inverters. Multilevel inverter is to synthesize a near sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc voltages. Multilevel inverter has advantage like minimum harmonic distortion. Multi-level inverters are emerging as the new breed of power converter options for high power applications. They typically synthesize the stair-case voltage waveform (from several dc sources) which has reduced harmonic content. Multi-level inverters have many attractive features, high voltage capability, reduced common mode voltages near sinusoidal outputs, low dv/dt, and smaller or even no output filter; sometimes no transformer is required at the input side, called the transformer-less solution, making them suitable for high power applications In this paper a 5-level Diode clamped multilevel inverter is developed by IGBTS using Simulink. Gating signals for these IGBTS have been generated by designing comparators. In order to maintain the different voltage levels at appropriate intervals, the conduction time intervals of IGBT have been maintained by controlling the pulse width of gating pulses[6] (by varying the reference signals magnitude of the comparator). The simulation results for 5-level and THD for the output have been identified by MATLAB/SIMULINK.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
For the up-coming generations of power-supply systems, the load located area power-supply sources are an effective one, in terms of our requirements: simplicity, integrity, battery-backup, etc. This could follow the Normalization of power factor & Reducing THD% values on input current, which makes us to add an essential to include a power-factor correction unit at supply side in these new typical topologies. This Proposed architecture presents an integrated battery manage system which can also offers PF correction along with Galvanic-Isolation of battery in a humble single structure. [3] The proposed scheme has the reliable characters like increased efficiency, compact circuit and reduced costs associated with a traditional standalone multiple-stages UPS with PFC. This paper addresses the UPS action, the analysis and simulation results of Proposed UPS scheme.
Modeling & analysis of standalone photovoltaic systemeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper represents the three phase Photovoltaic system connected with variable load in a standalone mode’s mathematical modeling using MATLAB/ Simulink environment. The system consist of a PV Array, Boost converter, three phase inverter and its control to maintain load in standalone mode. The 40 kW systems at the college site is under the study with a variable inductive load of 30kW which has to be fed by PV system in continuous mode .This paper gives analysis of each components of system while maintaining the load. The constant and boosted DC voltage is obtained with the help of boost converter from PV Array. The three phase IGBT inverter PWM control scheme is proposed here to normalize the voltage imbalance during variable load. Keywords: Photovoltaic System, Boost Converter, IGBT Inverter, and PI Controller etc…
In this paper the multicarrier pulse width modulation (MCPWM) with multi value DC voltage source multilevel inverter is presented. These MLI’s are suitable in high voltage & high power application due to their ability to synthesize waveforms with better harmonic spectrum. Seven level inverter is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The use of Photovoltaic Cell as a DC source for the multilevel Inverter is proposed here.
Simulation of Five Level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverterrahulmonikasharma
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. The voltage source inverters produce an output voltage or a current with levels either 0 or +ve or-ve V dc. They are known as two-level inverters. Multilevel inverter is to synthesize a near sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc voltages. Multilevel inverter has advantage like minimum harmonic distortion. Multi-level inverters are emerging as the new breed of power converter options for high power applications. They typically synthesize the stair-case voltage waveform (from several dc sources) which has reduced harmonic content. Multi-level inverters have many attractive features, high voltage capability, reduced common mode voltages near sinusoidal outputs, low dv/dt, and smaller or even no output filter; sometimes no transformer is required at the input side, called the transformer-less solution, making them suitable for high power applications In this paper a 5-level Diode clamped multilevel inverter is developed by IGBTS using Simulink. Gating signals for these IGBTS have been generated by designing comparators. In order to maintain the different voltage levels at appropriate intervals, the conduction time intervals of IGBT have been maintained by controlling the pulse width of gating pulses[6] (by varying the reference signals magnitude of the comparator). The simulation results for 5-level and THD for the output have been identified by MATLAB/SIMULINK.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
For the up-coming generations of power-supply systems, the load located area power-supply sources are an effective one, in terms of our requirements: simplicity, integrity, battery-backup, etc. This could follow the Normalization of power factor & Reducing THD% values on input current, which makes us to add an essential to include a power-factor correction unit at supply side in these new typical topologies. This Proposed architecture presents an integrated battery manage system which can also offers PF correction along with Galvanic-Isolation of battery in a humble single structure. [3] The proposed scheme has the reliable characters like increased efficiency, compact circuit and reduced costs associated with a traditional standalone multiple-stages UPS with PFC. This paper addresses the UPS action, the analysis and simulation results of Proposed UPS scheme.
Modeling & analysis of standalone photovoltaic systemeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper represents the three phase Photovoltaic system connected with variable load in a standalone mode’s mathematical modeling using MATLAB/ Simulink environment. The system consist of a PV Array, Boost converter, three phase inverter and its control to maintain load in standalone mode. The 40 kW systems at the college site is under the study with a variable inductive load of 30kW which has to be fed by PV system in continuous mode .This paper gives analysis of each components of system while maintaining the load. The constant and boosted DC voltage is obtained with the help of boost converter from PV Array. The three phase IGBT inverter PWM control scheme is proposed here to normalize the voltage imbalance during variable load. Keywords: Photovoltaic System, Boost Converter, IGBT Inverter, and PI Controller etc…
In this paper the multicarrier pulse width modulation (MCPWM) with multi value DC voltage source multilevel inverter is presented. These MLI’s are suitable in high voltage & high power application due to their ability to synthesize waveforms with better harmonic spectrum. Seven level inverter is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The use of Photovoltaic Cell as a DC source for the multilevel Inverter is proposed here.
Design and Analysis of Adaptive Neural Controller for Voltage Source Converte...IDES Editor
Usually a STATCOM is installed to support power
system networks that have a poor power factor and often poor
voltage regulation. It is based on a power electronics voltagesource
converter. Various PWM techniques make selective
harmonic elimination possible, which effectively control the
harmonic content of voltage source converters. The distribution
systems have to supply unbalanced nonlinear loads transferring
oscillations to the DC-side of the converter in a realistic
operating condition. Thus, additional harmonics are modulated
through the STATCOM at the point of common coupling
(PCC). This requires more attention when switching angles are
calculated offline using the optimal PWM technique. This
paper, therefore, presents the artificial neural network model
for defining the switching criterion of the VSC for the
STATCOM in order to reduce the total harmonic distortion
(THD) of the injected line current at the PCC. The model takes
into the account the dc capacitor effect, effects of other possible
varying parameters such as voltage unbalance as well as
network harmonics. A reference is developed for offline
prediction and then implemented with the help of back
propagation technique.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Modern trend in power generation is the use of two-stage configuration i.e., allocating a single PV cell
to a converter to produce grid voltage of adequate requirement and then to convert DC to AC voltage for grid
cnnection. Usually, the first stage is a DC-DC boost type converter which is responsible for extracting maximum
power from panel and boosting PV voltage to a value higher than peak of grid voltage. A converter is proposed,
which is derived from an active network based converter, is chosen as the first stage and a five level inverter is
used as the second stage of the configuration. Thus, in overall, the converter used is having high gain and reduced
switching stress. The Inverter used is having the advantage of low filter requirement, reduced stress, EMI and
reduced THD level. A closed loop control of the converter is done to maintain constant output voltage under
varying input voltage. MATLAB R2014a version software is used to simulate the model. The prototype of the
two stage configuration was developed and tested in the laboratory and results were verified using PIC 16F877A.
Modular Multilevel Converters Part-I: A Review on Topologies, Modulation, Mod...IJPEDS-IAES
This article is devoted to the Multi-level inverters review and in particular to the form and function of modular multilevel inverters (MMI), with their different topologies, modulation, modeling and control schemes Detailed analysis with their functions of MMI has been made in comprehensive manner with existing literature available till date. All existing methods are compared in detail with proposal for the best methods available. The article has made strategic conclusions on MMI to make the system more robust in operation with less complexity in design and control.
Soft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage DoublerIJPEDS-IAES
A novel multi-output voltage doubler circuit with resonant switching
technique is proposed in this paper. The resonant topology in the primary
side of the flyback transformer switches the device either at zero voltage or
current thus optimizing the switching devices by mitigating the losses. The
voltage doubler circuit introduced in the load side increases the voltage by
twice the value thereby increasing the load power and density. The proposed
Multi-output Isolated Converter removes the need for mutiple SMPS units
for a particular application. This reduces the size and weight of the
converters considerably leading to a greater payload. This paper aims at
optimizing the proposed converter with some design changes. The results
obtained from the hardware prototype are given in a comprehensive manner
for a 3.5W converter operating at output voltages of 5V and 3.3V at 50 kHz
switching frequency. The converter output is regulated with the PI controller
designed with SG3523 IC. The effects of load and line regulation for ±20%
variations are analyzed in detail.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Design and Performance Analysis of 400Hz Static Frequency Converterijtsrd
Nowadays solid state technology, engine driven generators, as an aircraft power system, supply 400Hz elecctrical loads for more efficient and effectiveness. The system produces stable and constant 400Hz from variable input frequency of DC link converter. Constant speed drive was momentously replaced by means of providing a constant frequency power supply of static frequency converter. Furthermore, easiness of repair and replacement, reduction in servicing needs, and the ability to locate the components of the electrical system are extended effectiveness of static frequency converter. Research demonstrates design consideration process of the 400Hz converter control system with relaible output power effectively. Soe Winn | Hla Yin Htwe | Hla Hla Naing "Design and Performance Analysis of 400Hz Static Frequency Converter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26701.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26701/design-and-performance-analysis-of-400hz-static-frequency-converter/soe-winn
discusses about the reduction of commutation torque ripple in BLDC motor and various convention methods and the proposed method for 2 level inverter and 3 level inverter
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Design and Analysis of Adaptive Neural Controller for Voltage Source Converte...IDES Editor
Usually a STATCOM is installed to support power
system networks that have a poor power factor and often poor
voltage regulation. It is based on a power electronics voltagesource
converter. Various PWM techniques make selective
harmonic elimination possible, which effectively control the
harmonic content of voltage source converters. The distribution
systems have to supply unbalanced nonlinear loads transferring
oscillations to the DC-side of the converter in a realistic
operating condition. Thus, additional harmonics are modulated
through the STATCOM at the point of common coupling
(PCC). This requires more attention when switching angles are
calculated offline using the optimal PWM technique. This
paper, therefore, presents the artificial neural network model
for defining the switching criterion of the VSC for the
STATCOM in order to reduce the total harmonic distortion
(THD) of the injected line current at the PCC. The model takes
into the account the dc capacitor effect, effects of other possible
varying parameters such as voltage unbalance as well as
network harmonics. A reference is developed for offline
prediction and then implemented with the help of back
propagation technique.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Modern trend in power generation is the use of two-stage configuration i.e., allocating a single PV cell
to a converter to produce grid voltage of adequate requirement and then to convert DC to AC voltage for grid
cnnection. Usually, the first stage is a DC-DC boost type converter which is responsible for extracting maximum
power from panel and boosting PV voltage to a value higher than peak of grid voltage. A converter is proposed,
which is derived from an active network based converter, is chosen as the first stage and a five level inverter is
used as the second stage of the configuration. Thus, in overall, the converter used is having high gain and reduced
switching stress. The Inverter used is having the advantage of low filter requirement, reduced stress, EMI and
reduced THD level. A closed loop control of the converter is done to maintain constant output voltage under
varying input voltage. MATLAB R2014a version software is used to simulate the model. The prototype of the
two stage configuration was developed and tested in the laboratory and results were verified using PIC 16F877A.
Modular Multilevel Converters Part-I: A Review on Topologies, Modulation, Mod...IJPEDS-IAES
This article is devoted to the Multi-level inverters review and in particular to the form and function of modular multilevel inverters (MMI), with their different topologies, modulation, modeling and control schemes Detailed analysis with their functions of MMI has been made in comprehensive manner with existing literature available till date. All existing methods are compared in detail with proposal for the best methods available. The article has made strategic conclusions on MMI to make the system more robust in operation with less complexity in design and control.
Soft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage DoublerIJPEDS-IAES
A novel multi-output voltage doubler circuit with resonant switching
technique is proposed in this paper. The resonant topology in the primary
side of the flyback transformer switches the device either at zero voltage or
current thus optimizing the switching devices by mitigating the losses. The
voltage doubler circuit introduced in the load side increases the voltage by
twice the value thereby increasing the load power and density. The proposed
Multi-output Isolated Converter removes the need for mutiple SMPS units
for a particular application. This reduces the size and weight of the
converters considerably leading to a greater payload. This paper aims at
optimizing the proposed converter with some design changes. The results
obtained from the hardware prototype are given in a comprehensive manner
for a 3.5W converter operating at output voltages of 5V and 3.3V at 50 kHz
switching frequency. The converter output is regulated with the PI controller
designed with SG3523 IC. The effects of load and line regulation for ±20%
variations are analyzed in detail.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Design and Performance Analysis of 400Hz Static Frequency Converterijtsrd
Nowadays solid state technology, engine driven generators, as an aircraft power system, supply 400Hz elecctrical loads for more efficient and effectiveness. The system produces stable and constant 400Hz from variable input frequency of DC link converter. Constant speed drive was momentously replaced by means of providing a constant frequency power supply of static frequency converter. Furthermore, easiness of repair and replacement, reduction in servicing needs, and the ability to locate the components of the electrical system are extended effectiveness of static frequency converter. Research demonstrates design consideration process of the 400Hz converter control system with relaible output power effectively. Soe Winn | Hla Yin Htwe | Hla Hla Naing "Design and Performance Analysis of 400Hz Static Frequency Converter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26701.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26701/design-and-performance-analysis-of-400hz-static-frequency-converter/soe-winn
discusses about the reduction of commutation torque ripple in BLDC motor and various convention methods and the proposed method for 2 level inverter and 3 level inverter
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Power Quality Enhancement in Power Distribution system using Artificial intel...sundar balan
Dynamic voltage Restorer
Artificial intelligence based Dynamic voltage restorer
DVR
Artificial neural network based DVR dynamic voltage restorer
Harmonics voltage harmonics voltage sag voltage swell
Power Quality Enhancement in Power Distribution system using Artificial intelligence based Dynamic Voltage Restorer
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Integration of Unified Power Quality Controller with DGIJRST Journal
This paper gives an insight into the analytical results of the intergration of Unified power quality controller (conditioner) with distribution generation system. The intergration is achieved by connecting the DClink throught rectifier to the distribution generatoion along with thwe connection of the series and shunt inverter to the same dc link. This type of connection can account for the voltage sag, voltage swell, along with the reduction of harmonics and also compensation of reactive power. The analysis is supported with the simulation which will are discussed in detail in the paper.
Simulation of a 13-Level Inverter with Facts Capability for Distributed Energ...IJMTST Journal
This Paper Presents A whole New resonant twin active bridge(DAB) topology, that uses a tuned inductor-capacitor-inductor(LCL) network. As compared to ancient DAB topologies, the planned topologies significantly reduced the bridge current, lowering every physical phenomenon and alter losses and conjointly VA rating associated with the bridges. The performance of the DAB is investigated using a mathematical model at a lower place varied operational conditions. Experiment results of a model is reduced the outflow current of the circuit. are presented with discussion to demonstrate the improved performance of the LCL DAB topology. Result clearly that the planned DAB Topology provide higher efficiency over an oversized vary of every input voltage and as compared to ancient DAB topology
In the modern power system the reactive power compensation is one of the main issues, the transmission of active power requires a difference in angular phase between voltages at the sending and receiving points (which is feasible within wide limits), whereas the transmission of reactive power requires a difference in magnitude of these same voltages (which is feasible only within very narrow limits). The reactive power is consumed not only by most of the network elements, but also by most of the consumer loads, so it must be supplied somewhere. If we can't transmit it very easily, then it ought to be generated where it is needed." (Reference Edited by T. J. E. Miller, Forward Page ix).Thus we need to work on the efficient methods by which VAR compensation can be applied easily and we can optimize the modern power system. VAR control technique can provides appropriate placement of compensation devices by which a desirable voltage profile can be achieved and at the same time minimizing the power losses in the system. This report discusses the transmission line requirements for reactive power compensation. In this report thyristor switched capacitor is explained which is a static VAR compensator used for reactive power management in electrical systems.
Seminar Topic For Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
A Simplified Design and Modeling of Boost Converter for Photovoltaic Sytem IJECEIAES
The Photovoltaic standalone system is gaining its high importance mostly for rural application like pv water pumping, solar lighting, battery charging etc.Considering environmental effects and scarcity of fossil fuel the trend has developed towards the use of more and more renewable energy.In this paper a basic circuit of boost converter is designed in MATLAB/Simulink with constant dc source voltage. However a comparative study has also been done for the converter connected with pv system directly with the converter connected with mppt tracking technique. Perturb and Observance (P&O) algorithm is implemented for providing the necessary duty pulse and makes the system operate at maximum power point.The boost converter connected with PV system without mppt operates at any other point other then the maximum power point and hence the output voltage decreases.But with mppt the proposed system performs better.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Enhancement of Reactive Power Compensation in PV Grid System To Increase The ...IJSRD
This project existing models force limits on the allowable feeder voltage variety in a disseminate environment. These stipulations must be regarded by the disseminated power generators (suppliers), which put a top on the entrance level. This project proposes a novel plan, where an assistant circuit (including an inverter and responsive force bank, RPB), in conjunction with a PV-lattice framework, builds the framework’s receptive force pay limit up to 300% contrasted with the first or devoted VAR limit of the primary PV inverter. In resentment of utilizing just the routine discrete type of capaci-tor/inductor bank, the whole VAR reach can be controlled.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Power control by fuzzy logic
1. 16-4
A PRACTlCAL AND LOW COST PWM BAlTERY CHARGER USING
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL FOR UPS APPLICATION
YU QIN AND SHANSHAN DU
MEMBER, IEEE
CONTROLLED POWER COMPANY
7955 STEPHENSON HWY
TROY, MICHIGAN 48083
(810) 528-3700
ABSTRACT
One successful approach for the
In this paper a practical and low cost realization of a single phase low cost
PWM battery charger for UPS UPS systems can be shown in Fig.1.
application is proposed. For this type of
PWM battery charger system, the power
transistors used for PWM inverter are
utilized to charge the battery in battery
charger mode, thus fewer system
components are required for the UPS
system and higher overall system
efficiency is achieved. By using
Fig. 1 FERRORESONANTTRANSFORMER UPS
advanced FUZZY LOGIC technique for
the battery system feedback control, the
battery charger system is able to This is a stand-by UPS using a
achieve a better dynamic performance FERRORESONANT transformer, where
and easier implementation. the transformer is used as a constant
voltage regulator. Normally the
1. INTRODUCTION commercial line voltage is regulated in
amplitude by the FERRORESONANT
The growing sophistication in modern transformer, and the battery and PWM
technologies in the fields of inverter is in stand-by mode. On
communication, computer, networks, identifying failure of the AC input line,
process control systems and automatic the line side static switch will be opened
production lines have increased the and the inverter and battery will be
demand for Uninterruptible power brought on the system, continuously
system (UPS). Recently in particular, supplying the UPS'S load. The batteries
demand for single phase small capacity, that are used to supply DC power to the
high efficiency, high performance, low PWM inverter during power failure must
cost UPS is increasing incidental to be recharged at regular time
decrease in size and sophistication in intervals(1). In order to charge the
performance of data processing battery, normally a separate battery
equipment. charger system has to be provided, as
seen in Fig.1. Note that the addition of
a power conversion stage (the battery
charger) results in lower over-all system
443 W8'33-2U344W $4.00 1994 IEEE
2. 16-4
efficiency and more system component source, VB is the battery power source,
counts. However, it is possible to use L is the inductor added to the system,
inverter for this purpose. When (note that in a practical system, this
configureated as push-pull system inductor L is embedded in the power
shown in Fig.2, an inverter of the pulse transformer, for instance, it could be
width modulation (PWM) type can leakage inductance between windings
function as an AC to DC converter, of the transformer), power transistors
transferring power from the utility to the Q1 and Q2 along with their antiparallel
battery. body diodes are used in either a inverter
mode or a battery charger mode. the
system is configurated as a push-pull
circuit where a transformer winding with
a center tap is connected to the power
transistors Q1 and Q2 as well as the
battery power VB, the polarities of the
transformer are shown in the figure.
When in a inverter mode, switches Q1
Fig. 2 BIDIRECTIONAL PWM CONVERTER and Q2 are alternately turned on and off
every half cycle of the fundamental
frequency and the width of the pulses is
Instead of using classical output dependent on a battery voltage and a
feedback control technique to design output voltage. When in a battery
the control section for the battery charger mode, a train of high frequency
charger, which normally employs PI PWM signals are applied to switches Q1
control technique, a advanced FUZZY and Q2, so that the circuit now acts as a
LOGIC technique is adopted to boost AC to DC converter. The inductor
implement feedback control. By using L in the circuit is used as a energy
FUZZY LOGIC technique, it is possible exchange element to transmit the
to design the control system using energy to the battery.
human experience without going
through tedious control design method, 2.2 BASIC THEORY FOR BATTERY
such as model battery charger as a CHARGING MODE
time-invariant linear plant and based on
approximation of the linearized model to Fig.3 is a simplified circuit for the battery
determine all the control parameters, so charger mode. The circuit now looks
a easier implementation is obtained and very much like a DC-DC boost
a better dynamic performance is converter. The switch S is in position A
achieved. during period DT and in position B
during period (1-D)T. During period DT
2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND the battery VB and the utility voltage
BASIC THEORY VSA are connected so the voltage drop
acrossed the inductor L is given by:
2.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION VL=VSA+VB. The current in the
inductor L is then derived as:
Fig. 2 shows a bi-directional PWM
converter used in a UPS proposed in
this paper. Here VSA is the utility power
444
3. 16-4
In practical system as shown in Fig.2,
the battery charger system transmits the
energy which is stored in inductor L by
cycling through the four modes listed in
Table 1, to the battery VB. When the
current flowing through the inductor L,
11, is positive, Q1 is tumed on, the
I I antiparallel body diode D2 is forward
biased, L is directly applied with AC
input voltage, therefore the inductor
current I1 is increased linearly. In this
mode, the inductor L is charged through
Q1 and D2 by AC input voltage VSA
(this is referred as a charge mode).
When Q1 is turned off, the energy
stored in the inductor L is released
through diode 0 2 to charge the battery
VB (This is referred as a transfer mode).
Fig 3 (a) SIMPLIFIED CIRCUIT FOR BAlTERY Furthermore, when inductor current I1 is
MODE negative, Q2 is turned on so that the
(b) VOLTAGE WAVEFORM OF VL inductor L is charged through Q2 and
(c) CURRENT WAVEFORM OF 1I
the antiparalled body diode D1 by AC
At time t = DT, the switch S reverses the input voltage VSA. When Q2 is turned
battery connection. Since VB > VSA, off, the energy stored in the inductor L is
the peak inductor current is reached at transferred to the battery VB.
this point, and it will now begin to Therefore, by proper adjusting time ratio
decline. During the remainder of the between the charge and transfer
cycle, the inductor current is given by: modes, the charging current to the
battery is controlled.
3. CONTROL METHOD FOR THE
BAlTERY CHARGER
The current I1 (t) from (1) and (2) forms There are number of ways to charge a
the charging current ID. The charge battery. It is most popular in the
into battery VB is the time integral o the
f industry to use a constant-voltage
current ID over the whole period. charge with current limited method.
Fig.4 shows the operating principle of
this method.
Table 1 FOUR MODES OF BAlTERY CHARGER
445
4. 16-4
t
Vr *a
-
I
Fig 5 CONVENTIONAL CONTROL FOR BATTERY
CHARGER
In this paper, a advanced FUZZY
LOGIC technique is employed. With the
FUZZY LOGIC control design, it is not
required to model a battery charger
Fig. 4 CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGE WITH system as a linear time-invariant
CURRENT LIMITED
system, instead, only design parameters
are specified such as charging rate,
It is essential to provide feedback
charging current, charging time and so
control for the battery charger system so
on. Fig.6 shows a excellent alternative
that the battery won't be overcharged
method of controlling battery charger
and a optimum charging rate is
system. It is clear to see that a PI
obtained. Furthermore, the feedback
controller along with MAX circuit are
control system provides a appropriate
replaced by a FUZZY LOGIC controller.
gain for the battery charger system so
that it will operate in a stable condition
for all situations. Traditionally, a
classical feedback control technique is
employed such as proportional integral
(PI) control. For this, a battery charger
system is first modeled as a linear time-
invariant systems for it's operating
Fig. 6 FUZZY INFERENCE CONTROLLER FOR
region, then a classical control design BATTERY CHARGER
method such as BODE plot is used to
determine the system parameters such 4. FUZZY LOGIC IMPLEMENTATION
as gain margin and phase margin and
so on (2), based on all these information
To design a FUZZY LOGIC controller for
along with design specifications, the
battery charger system, a input
gains for the PI controller are
membership function relating to battery
determined. Fig.5 shows a typical
voltage (VB), a input membership
battery charger control system
function relating to battery charging
employing a PI controller. In the
current (ID), a output membership
system, the MAX function is used to
function of a value relating to
accommodate two feedback inputs, modulation index (M) are constructed in
namely, battery voltage (VB) and battery
the way that they are in trapezoidal
charging current (ID) in order to perform
shape and between two membership
a constant voltage charge with current
functions there i a overlap region.
s
limited.
Fig.7 shows input membership functions
for this application. Note that unlike
446
5. 16-4
conventional BOOLEAN LOGIC, the
boundaries of these ranges are not Examples of FUZZY inference rules set
cutoff points where the label applied in the FUZZY LOGIC controller are as
fully on one side of the cutoff and does follows:
not apply at all on the other side of the
cutoff. Instead, there is a region where Rule (1): If VB is VERY-LARGE
input values gradually change from and ID is VERY-HIGH
being fully applicable to completely then M is VERY-LOW-M
inapplicable. These input membership
functions have several labels, for Rule (2): If VB is VERY-LARGE
example, VERY-SMALL, SMALL, and ID is HIGH then M is
VERY-LARGE, for battery voltage (VB) LOW-M
and VERY-LOW, LOW, VERY-HIGH
for battery charging current (ID). Also The FUZZY LOGIC inference involves
output membership functions have three primary processes:
several labels VERY-LOW-M, LOW-M. FUZZIFICATION, RULE EVALUATION,
VERY-HI-M and so on for modulation and DEFUZZIFlCATlON. Fuzzification
index (M). Membership functions are takes battery voltage (VB) and battery
provided for microcontroller which charging current (ID) values and
performs FUZZY LOGIC inference to combines them with stored membership
have numerical meaning to each label. function information to produce the
Each membership function identifies the grade of membership. Once grade of
range of battery voltage (VB), battery membership is produced, The FUZZY
charging current (ID) and modulation LOGIC controller will evaluate rules. All
index (M) that correspond to a label. fuzzy outputs are cleared before rule
Also a set of rules using battery voltage evaluation. The truth value for each rule
(VB), battery charging current (ID) as is the minimum of the fuzzy inputs for
inputs and modulation index (M) as a that rule, and this truth value is stored to
output are generated based on design each fuzzy output for that rule unless a
specifications and past design larger value is already stored in the
experience. fuzzy output. When all fuzzy outputs
are derived, the DEFUZZIFICATION is
performed. DEFUZZlFlCATlON is the
process of combining all fuzzy outputs
into a specific composite result
(modulation index M) to the UPS
system. The CENTER - 0F-GRAVITY
method is used in the
DEFUZZ1FICAT1ON process. The
whole FUZZY LOGIC control algorithm
is carried out by software using
A I 2 3 4 5 6 7 R 9 Io
microcontroller. The same
microcontroller is also used for other
system control functions such as:
Fig. 7 (a) INPUT MEMBERSHIP FUNCTION FOR
VB
(b) INPUT MEMBERSHIP FUNCTION FOR
ID
447
6. 16-4
1. Inverter PWM Control
2. Digital filter function
3. True RMS calculation for system --
parameters
4. RS-232communication for status
,.Am .O.¶S.Y
report and system configuration
5. Adaptive line voltage control
6. Display and key interface function
7. Dynamically modify input switching
point based on characteristic of
FERRORESONANTtransformer and
output load of UPS using FUZZY
LOGIC technique (3).
and so on. all functions are under the
control of a REAL-TIME KERNEL. -m.
~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~
0 0 0 9
5. SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL Fig. 8 (a) INSTANTANEAOUSBAlTERY VOLTAGE
(b) INSTANTANEAOUSCHARGING
RESULTS CURRENT
The proposed battery charger system Fig.9 shows simulation result for the
was simulated by EMTP simulation average battery voltage and average
software. Table 2 shows the circuit battery charging current.
parameters used for the simulation.
>- ____... ...... ................. ... ..... .............. ............. . ..........................................................
_....
Table 2 CIRCUIT PARAMETERS FOR SIMULATION
Fig.8 shows simulation result for the
instantaneous battery charging current
and battery voltage waveforms.
Fig. 9 (a) AVERAGE BAlTERY VOLTAGE
7. 16-4
U..
I
I
i
-_
Fig. 11 WAVEFORM OF VOLTAGE ACROSS
POWER DEVICES
Fig. 9 (b) AVERAGE EATERY CHARGING
CURRENT
The proposed battery charger system
was tested in a 3KVA UPS system.
Fig. 10 shows the waveform of inductor
current taken from a operating battery
charger system. and Fig.11 is the
waveform of the voltage acrossed power
devices, Fig. 12 is the waveform of the
battery charging current.
Fig. 12 WAVEFORM OF EATERY CHARGING
CURRENT
6. CONCLUSION
A practical and low cost battery charger
Fig. 10 WAVEFORM OF INDUCTOR CURRENT using advanced FUZZY LOGIC for UPS
application is proposed in this paper.
This type of battery charger employs the
same power devices used for PWM
inverter to charge the battery, so that
higher system efficiency and lower
system components count is achieved.
Instead of using a classical control
technique, this type of battery charger
uses FUZZY LOGIC control technique
to control battery charging process,
easier implementation and better
449
8. 16-4
dynamic system performance are
obtained.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to express their
appreciation to Mr. James Rigney and
Mr. Gordon Middler for their valuable
advises and support effort.
REFERENCES
Mohan, Undeland and Robbin,
Power Electronic: Converters,
Application and Design. JOHN
WILEY & SONS, 1989
Kuo, Digital Control System,
second edition, SANDERS
COLLEGE PUBLISHING, 1992
Yu Qin, S. S. Du, "How FUZZY
LOGIC can improve the
performance of Uninterruptible
power system", IEEE APEC
Conference in San Diego, CA
March 6-12, 1993, p.p 540-542
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