This document provides an introduction to microcontrollers and embedded systems. It defines embedded systems as specialized electronic devices that perform dedicated functions. Microcontrollers are described as computer systems on a single chip that contain a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals. Popular microcontroller examples include the 8051, PIC, and 68HC05. The document outlines the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, noting that microcontrollers have integrated memory and peripherals, require less external hardware, and have specialized instruction sets.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
MICROCONTROLLERS
AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Created By: Sachin Bhalavat
(Elect. & Comm.
Engg.)

2. AGENDA
 What are embedded systems? How do
we implement them?
 What is a microcontroller?
 Developing embedded applications
using MCU’s.

3. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
 An embedded system
is a special purpose
system that is used
to perform one or few
dedicated functions.
 Simply, we can call
any electronic device
that has a computer
system embedded
inside it an embedded
system.

4. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (CONT.)
 Embedded systems
are made to perform
few tasks only, after
implementation you
can’t use them for
another purposes.
 Ex. You can’t watch
movies using the
microprocessor of
your microwave
oven!!

5. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
EXAMPLES
 Digital and analog televisions
 Set-top boxes (DVDs, VCRs, Cable boxes)
 Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
 MP3’s and iPod's
 Kitchen appliances (refrigerators ,microwave
ovens)
 Telephones/cell phones
 Cameras
 Global Positioning Systems And many others.

6. WHAT IS A
MICROCONTROLLER?
 It’s a full computer
system on a chip,
even if its resources
are far more limited
than of a desktop
personal computer.
 Designed for stand
alone operations.

7. WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER?
(CONT.)
 A microcontroller has a processor and many
peripherals integrated with it on the same chip, like
a flash memory, RAM, I/O ports, serial
communication ports, ADC …Etc.
 A Timer Module to allow the MCU to perform tasks
for certain time periods.
 A Serial I/O Port to allow data to flow between the
MC and other devices such as a PC or another
MCU.
 An ADC to allow the MCU to accept analog inputs
for processing.
 But a microprocessor can’t do all the functions of a
computer system on its own, and needs another
circuits to support it like:
I/O devices, RAM, ROM, DMA controllers, Timers,

8. So.. What’s the difference between
a microcontroller and a
microprocessor system?

9. COMPARISON :
Sr.
NO Microprocessor Microcontroller
.
1. A microprocessor is a chip that A microcontroller is a single chip micro
dependent on the chip of many computer that has everything in-built
function.
2. A mp contain ALU register and A contains the circuitry of a MP and
control circuit has built in RAM, ROM, I/O devices,
timers and counter
3. It has few bit manipulation It has many bit manipulation instruction
instruction.
4. It has less number of It has more number of multifunctional
multifunctional pins pins.
5. They have large memory address They have small memory address
space. space.
6. Design is very flexible. Design is less flexible.
7. MP based system required more MC based system required less
hardware hardware

10. POPULAR
MICROCONTROLLERS
 8051 (Intel and
others)
 80386 EX (Intel)
 PIC (Microchip)
 68HC05 (Motorola)
 Z8 (Zilog)