VOLUME-7 ISSUE-8, AUGUST 2019 , International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT) , ISSN: 2321-9637 (Online) Published By: MG Aricent Pvt Ltd
Experimental Investigation of a Household Refrigerator Using Evaporative-Cool...inventy
The objective of this paper was to investigate experimentally the effect of Evaporative-cooled condenser in a household refrigerator. The experiment was done using HCF134a as the refrigerant. The performance of the household refrigerator with air-cooled and Evaporative-cooled condenser was compared for different load conditions. The results indicate that the refrigerator performance had improved when evaporative-cooled condenser was used instead of air-cooled condenser on all load conditions. Evaporativecooled condenser reduced the energy consumption when compared with the air-cooled condenser. There was also an enhancement in coefficient of performance (COP) when evaporative-cooled condenser was used instead of air-cooled condenser. The Evaporative cooled heat exchanger was designed and the system was modified by retrofitting it, instead of the conventional air-cooled condenser by making drop wise condensation using water and forced circulation over the condenser. From the experimental analysis it is observed that the COP of evaporative cooled system increased by 13.44% compared to that of air cooled system. So the overall efficiency and refrigerating effect is increased. In minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, the system is much useful for domestic purpose. This study also revealed that combining a evaporative cooled system along with conventional water cooled system under the condition that the defrost water obtained from the freezer is used for drop wise condensation over condenser and water cooled condensation of the condenser at the bottom using remaining defrost water would reduce the power consumption, work done and hence further increase in refrigerating effect of the system. The study has shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable
A REVIEW PAPER ON ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOBILE RADIATORijsrd.com
An Automotive engine cooling system takes out of excess heat produced during engine operation. An automobile cooling system regulates engine surface temperature for engine optimum efficiency. Recent advancement and development in engine for power forced engine cooling system to develop new strategies to improve its performance efficiency. Also to reduce fuel consumption along with controlling engine emission to mitigate environmental pollution norms. This paper throws light on parameters which influence radiator performance along with reviews some of the conventional and modern approaches to enhance radiator performance. This review paper Focus on the various research papers regarding experimental, CFD and Numerical analysis to improving automobile radiator efficiency.
ammonia water (NH3-H2o) diffusion vapor absorption refrigeration systemJagannath1234
1.Vapor absorption refrigeration system based on ammonia-water is one of the oldest refrigeration systems.
2.An absorption refrigeration system uses a heat source (e.g., geothermal energy, solar energy, and waste heat from steam plants, and even natural gas when it is at a relatively low price.) to provide the energy needed for the cooling process.
3.Quite similar to a vapor compression system.
4.The compressor is replaced by a generator and absorber.
5.Ammonia is used as a refrigerant i.e. R-717 and Water as an absorber.
6.Condensation, expansion and evaporation processes are the same as the VCR system.
Automobile air-conditioning is a necessity of present life. vapour compression refrigeration cycle used in modern automobile and refrigerant 134a are available in automobile. The compressor of automobile air-conditioning is run by engine crankshaft, which reduces the mileage of the
automobile. Waste heat recovery of internal combustion engine are two type, one is direct type or thermal energy or waste heat direct converted into electrical energy by see back effect and other is indirect type waste heat is used for rankine cycle ,sterling cycle or refrigeration cycle.
Cooling of a truck cabin by vapour absorption refrigeration system using engi...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental Investigation of a Household Refrigerator Using Evaporative-Cool...inventy
The objective of this paper was to investigate experimentally the effect of Evaporative-cooled condenser in a household refrigerator. The experiment was done using HCF134a as the refrigerant. The performance of the household refrigerator with air-cooled and Evaporative-cooled condenser was compared for different load conditions. The results indicate that the refrigerator performance had improved when evaporative-cooled condenser was used instead of air-cooled condenser on all load conditions. Evaporativecooled condenser reduced the energy consumption when compared with the air-cooled condenser. There was also an enhancement in coefficient of performance (COP) when evaporative-cooled condenser was used instead of air-cooled condenser. The Evaporative cooled heat exchanger was designed and the system was modified by retrofitting it, instead of the conventional air-cooled condenser by making drop wise condensation using water and forced circulation over the condenser. From the experimental analysis it is observed that the COP of evaporative cooled system increased by 13.44% compared to that of air cooled system. So the overall efficiency and refrigerating effect is increased. In minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, the system is much useful for domestic purpose. This study also revealed that combining a evaporative cooled system along with conventional water cooled system under the condition that the defrost water obtained from the freezer is used for drop wise condensation over condenser and water cooled condensation of the condenser at the bottom using remaining defrost water would reduce the power consumption, work done and hence further increase in refrigerating effect of the system. The study has shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable
A REVIEW PAPER ON ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOBILE RADIATORijsrd.com
An Automotive engine cooling system takes out of excess heat produced during engine operation. An automobile cooling system regulates engine surface temperature for engine optimum efficiency. Recent advancement and development in engine for power forced engine cooling system to develop new strategies to improve its performance efficiency. Also to reduce fuel consumption along with controlling engine emission to mitigate environmental pollution norms. This paper throws light on parameters which influence radiator performance along with reviews some of the conventional and modern approaches to enhance radiator performance. This review paper Focus on the various research papers regarding experimental, CFD and Numerical analysis to improving automobile radiator efficiency.
ammonia water (NH3-H2o) diffusion vapor absorption refrigeration systemJagannath1234
1.Vapor absorption refrigeration system based on ammonia-water is one of the oldest refrigeration systems.
2.An absorption refrigeration system uses a heat source (e.g., geothermal energy, solar energy, and waste heat from steam plants, and even natural gas when it is at a relatively low price.) to provide the energy needed for the cooling process.
3.Quite similar to a vapor compression system.
4.The compressor is replaced by a generator and absorber.
5.Ammonia is used as a refrigerant i.e. R-717 and Water as an absorber.
6.Condensation, expansion and evaporation processes are the same as the VCR system.
Automobile air-conditioning is a necessity of present life. vapour compression refrigeration cycle used in modern automobile and refrigerant 134a are available in automobile. The compressor of automobile air-conditioning is run by engine crankshaft, which reduces the mileage of the
automobile. Waste heat recovery of internal combustion engine are two type, one is direct type or thermal energy or waste heat direct converted into electrical energy by see back effect and other is indirect type waste heat is used for rankine cycle ,sterling cycle or refrigeration cycle.
Cooling of a truck cabin by vapour absorption refrigeration system using engi...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Boiler Efficiency Improvement through Analysis of Lossesijsrd.com
Thermal is the main source for power generation in India. The percentage of thermal power generation as compare to other sources is 65 %. The main objective of thermal power plant is to fulfill the energy demands of the market and to achieve these demands; plant requires technical availability with the parts reliability and maintenance strategy. This paper deals with the determination of current operating efficiency of Boiler and calculates major losses for Vindhyachal Super thermal power plant (India) of 210 MW units. Then identify the causes of performance degradation. Also find the major causes of heat losses by Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and recommends its appropriate strategy to reduce major losses. The aim of performance monitoring is continuous evaluation of degradation i.e. decrease in performance of the steam boiler. These data enable additional information which is helpful in problem identification, improvement of boiler performance and making economic decisions about maintenance schedule.
cfd analysis on ejector cooling system with variable throat geometryIjripublishers Ijri
The vapor jet ejector cooling cycle driven by waste heat. It is a very auspicious approach of producing ‘free cooling’ by utilizing low-grade energy sources. The mechanism behind the ejector-based on waste heat cooling is very unique, when compared to absorption or adsorption cooling technologies. They are also aimed at producing heat driven cooling. This type of ejector cooling system is actually more closely related to vapor compression technology.
In this paper simulations of a vapor-jet ejector operating with refregerent R134a as the working fluid by using CFD (computational fluid dynamics). The impact of varying geometry parameters on ejector performance will be considered. Different mixing section radii will be considered for the analysis.
3D modeling is done by using Catia V5 and analysis is done by Ansys fluent14.5.
Modeling and Fluid Flow Analysis of Wavy Fin Based Automotive RadiatorIJERA Editor
In continuous technological development, an automotive industry has increased the demand for high efficiency engines. A high efficiency engines in not only based on its performance but also for better fuel economy and less emission rate. Radiator is one of the important parts of the internal combustion engine cooling system. The manufacturing cost of the radiator is 20 percent of the whole cost of the engine. So improving the performance and reducing cost of radiators are necessary research. For higher cooling capacity of radiator, addition of fins is one of the approaches to increase the cooling rate of the radiator. In addition, heat transfer fluids at air and fluid side such as water and ethylene glycol exhibit very low thermal conductivity. As a result there is a need for new and innovative heat transfer fluids, known as “Nano fluid” for improving heat transfer rate in an automotive radiator. Recently there have been considerable research findings highlighting superior heat transfer performances of nanofluids about 15-25% of heat transfer enhancement can be achieved by using types of nanofluids. With these specific characteristics, the size and weight of an automotive car radiator can be reduced without affecting its heat transfer performance. An automotive radiator (Wavy fin type) model is modeled on modeling software CATIA V5 and performance evaluation is done on pre-processing software ANSYS 14.0. The temperature and velocity distribution of coolant and air are analyzed by using Computational fluid dynamics environment software CFX. Results have shown that the rate of heat transfer is better when nano fluid (Si C + water) is used as coolant, than the conventional coolant.
An Investigative and Concise Review on Evaporation and Condensation Processes...IJERA Editor
The vapour adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. The towering fossil fuel price and the responsiveness of environmental problems offer many potential applications to thermal powered adsorption cooling. However, the adsorption cooling machines still have some disadvantages that hinder their wide application. The patents surveyed are classified into four main groups: adsorption system development, adsorbent bed innovation, adsorbent/adsorbate material development and novel application of adsorption cooling system. The adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. Important targets are to reach a high efficiency through optimization measures at various components and the control system. On the other hand measures are to verify to simplify the construction with regard to a low-cost manufacturing, as well as to reach long periods with maintenance-free operation. This review paper gives a comprehensive review on the work carried out on vapour adsorption refrigeration for cryogenic applications.
REVIEW OF CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT REFRIGERANT PAIRSijiert bestjournal
A Comparative assessment of a cascade refrigeration cycle with different refrigerant pair is presented in this paper. R744 is used in Low-temper ature (LT) cycle whereas R134a,R290,R717 and R404A (R125(44%)/R143a(52%) /R134a(4%)) are use d in the High-temperature (HT) cycle. The effects of the thermodynamic parameters on the cascade system are evaluated with an objective to find the best working fluid pair based on COP. R 744-717 is selected based on thermodynamic and environmental performance. A parametric evaluation is also presented for R744-R717 working pair by varying parameters like sub cooling,superheatin g,evaporating,condensing temperature and temperature difference in the cascade condenser of the system.
IJREI_A thermodynamic analysis of ejector type vapour refrigeration system us...Husain Mehdi
A thermodynamic analysis on Ejector Refrigeration Cycle (ERC), have been performed using eco-friendly refrigerants (i.e.R-404A, R-410A, R-407C, R-423A, R-500, R-502 and R-507C ) A numerical computation is carried out for finding COP, Second Law Efficiency (ηII) , Refrigeration Effect (RE) and Heat Input (Qin) of the ERC along with the variation in boiler temperature (Tb) , condenser temperature (Tc) and evaporator temperature (Te) for ecofriendly refrigerants for the ranges of the temperatures where the evaporator temperature is varying from 253K to 273K, with varying condenser temperature from 313K to 328K and with varying boiling temperature from 320 K to 345K. The maximum first Law Efficiency (ηI) is found in the range of 1.5-1.8 with fluid R-404A and condenser temperature 328K. At 253K evaporator temperature R-404A is working with maximum Second Law Efficiency (ηII) 37%. For the entire range of boiling temperature R-410A is having maximum Second Law Efficiency (ηII) except at 345K where R-404A is highest. The refrigeration effect is the maximum and is in the range of 200kW to 220kW for R-410A for all the ranges of temperatures. The highest COP is associated with R-404A with temperature variations
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Cascade Refrigeration System Based On Carbon Diox...IJERA Editor
Thermodynamic analysis of a cascade refrigeration system that uses carbon dioxide-ammonia (R744-R717) as refrigerant is presented in this paper to determine the optimum condensing temperature of the cascade condenser at given design parameters, to maximize the COP of the system. The design and operating parameters considered in this study include (1) condensing, sub cooling, evaporating and super heating temperatures in the ammonia (R717) high-temperature circuit, (2) temperature difference in the cascade heat exchanger, and (3) evaporating, superheating, condensing and sub cooling in the carbon dioxide (R744) low-temperature circuit. A multilinear regression analysis was employed in order to develop two useful correlations for maximum COP, and optimum condensing temperature.
Experimental Investigation on Adsorption Capacity of a Variety of Activated C...IJERA Editor
This study aims to develop a device with minimum heat and mass transfer limitations between adsorbent and
adsorbate, and subsequently to obtain practically applicable adsorption capacity data. Also, 5 kW adsorption
chillers (evaporators, condensers and adsorbers) are designed based on the experimental output data of the whole
tested pairs. A finned-tube heat exchanger was employed and installed at the center adsorber, and each employed
adsorbent was immobilized on its surfaces by using an adhesive agent. A variety of pairs: are activated carbon
powder (ACP)/R-134a, ACP/R-407c, ACP/R-507A, activated carbon granules (ACG)/R-507A, ACG /R-407c
and ACG /R-134a, were examined at different adsorption temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 50°C. It was found that,
at the adsorption temperature of 25°C the maximum adsorption capacity was 0.8352 kg kg-1 for ACP/R-134a,
while at the adsorption temperature of 50°C the maximum adsorption capacity was 0.3207 kg kg-1 for ACP/R-
134a. Therefore, the ACP/R-134a pair is highly recommended to be employed as adsorption refrigeration
working pair because of its higher maximum adsorption capacity higher than the other examined pairs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The air conditioning system of automobiles in today’s world uses “Vapour Compression
Refrigerant System” (VCRS) which absorbs and removes heat from the interior of the vehicle. The
system utilizes power from engine shaft as the input power to drive the compressor of the refrigerant
system. The loss of power of the engine to run the VCR system can be neglected by utilizing another
refrigeration system i.e. a “Vapour Absorption Refrigerant System”. In a Vapour Absorption
Refrigerant System, a physicochemical process replaces the mechanical process of the Vapour
Compression Refrigerant System by using energy in the form of heat rather than mechanical work.
The experimental work to utilize the waste heat from exhaust gases from an engine for the vapour
absorption refrigerant system with R-134a as refrigerant and DMF as absorbent. The experimental
results indicated that vehicle performance enhances, noise reduces, maintenance becomes easier, and
highly reliable. The data obtained from experimentation is presented analyzed in this paper.
5 heat exchanger thermal design of oil system for turbo centrifugal compresso...IJCMESJOURNAL
A thermal management is vital issues of all energy equipment such as compressor, gas turbine, and boilers etc. The compressor is generally used in power, oil & gas, air separation, and chemical plant. It is consist of air or gas compression part, gear, bearing, cooling, sealing, lube oil, and control system. In this study focused on heat exchanger for oil supply systems. Lube oil is very important to supply oil and protect bearing. Lube oil’s temperature control is vital issue to prevent system broken. Shell and tube heat exchanger is used as a cooler. In this study, HTRI Xist used to thermal design of oil cooler, with water and nanofluid. The thermal conductivity is ~9.3% higher than water. The tube side overall heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid is increased by ~9% compared to that of water.
Paper Statistics:
Boiler Efficiency Improvement through Analysis of Lossesijsrd.com
Thermal is the main source for power generation in India. The percentage of thermal power generation as compare to other sources is 65 %. The main objective of thermal power plant is to fulfill the energy demands of the market and to achieve these demands; plant requires technical availability with the parts reliability and maintenance strategy. This paper deals with the determination of current operating efficiency of Boiler and calculates major losses for Vindhyachal Super thermal power plant (India) of 210 MW units. Then identify the causes of performance degradation. Also find the major causes of heat losses by Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and recommends its appropriate strategy to reduce major losses. The aim of performance monitoring is continuous evaluation of degradation i.e. decrease in performance of the steam boiler. These data enable additional information which is helpful in problem identification, improvement of boiler performance and making economic decisions about maintenance schedule.
cfd analysis on ejector cooling system with variable throat geometryIjripublishers Ijri
The vapor jet ejector cooling cycle driven by waste heat. It is a very auspicious approach of producing ‘free cooling’ by utilizing low-grade energy sources. The mechanism behind the ejector-based on waste heat cooling is very unique, when compared to absorption or adsorption cooling technologies. They are also aimed at producing heat driven cooling. This type of ejector cooling system is actually more closely related to vapor compression technology.
In this paper simulations of a vapor-jet ejector operating with refregerent R134a as the working fluid by using CFD (computational fluid dynamics). The impact of varying geometry parameters on ejector performance will be considered. Different mixing section radii will be considered for the analysis.
3D modeling is done by using Catia V5 and analysis is done by Ansys fluent14.5.
Modeling and Fluid Flow Analysis of Wavy Fin Based Automotive RadiatorIJERA Editor
In continuous technological development, an automotive industry has increased the demand for high efficiency engines. A high efficiency engines in not only based on its performance but also for better fuel economy and less emission rate. Radiator is one of the important parts of the internal combustion engine cooling system. The manufacturing cost of the radiator is 20 percent of the whole cost of the engine. So improving the performance and reducing cost of radiators are necessary research. For higher cooling capacity of radiator, addition of fins is one of the approaches to increase the cooling rate of the radiator. In addition, heat transfer fluids at air and fluid side such as water and ethylene glycol exhibit very low thermal conductivity. As a result there is a need for new and innovative heat transfer fluids, known as “Nano fluid” for improving heat transfer rate in an automotive radiator. Recently there have been considerable research findings highlighting superior heat transfer performances of nanofluids about 15-25% of heat transfer enhancement can be achieved by using types of nanofluids. With these specific characteristics, the size and weight of an automotive car radiator can be reduced without affecting its heat transfer performance. An automotive radiator (Wavy fin type) model is modeled on modeling software CATIA V5 and performance evaluation is done on pre-processing software ANSYS 14.0. The temperature and velocity distribution of coolant and air are analyzed by using Computational fluid dynamics environment software CFX. Results have shown that the rate of heat transfer is better when nano fluid (Si C + water) is used as coolant, than the conventional coolant.
An Investigative and Concise Review on Evaporation and Condensation Processes...IJERA Editor
The vapour adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. The towering fossil fuel price and the responsiveness of environmental problems offer many potential applications to thermal powered adsorption cooling. However, the adsorption cooling machines still have some disadvantages that hinder their wide application. The patents surveyed are classified into four main groups: adsorption system development, adsorbent bed innovation, adsorbent/adsorbate material development and novel application of adsorption cooling system. The adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. Important targets are to reach a high efficiency through optimization measures at various components and the control system. On the other hand measures are to verify to simplify the construction with regard to a low-cost manufacturing, as well as to reach long periods with maintenance-free operation. This review paper gives a comprehensive review on the work carried out on vapour adsorption refrigeration for cryogenic applications.
REVIEW OF CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT REFRIGERANT PAIRSijiert bestjournal
A Comparative assessment of a cascade refrigeration cycle with different refrigerant pair is presented in this paper. R744 is used in Low-temper ature (LT) cycle whereas R134a,R290,R717 and R404A (R125(44%)/R143a(52%) /R134a(4%)) are use d in the High-temperature (HT) cycle. The effects of the thermodynamic parameters on the cascade system are evaluated with an objective to find the best working fluid pair based on COP. R 744-717 is selected based on thermodynamic and environmental performance. A parametric evaluation is also presented for R744-R717 working pair by varying parameters like sub cooling,superheatin g,evaporating,condensing temperature and temperature difference in the cascade condenser of the system.
IJREI_A thermodynamic analysis of ejector type vapour refrigeration system us...Husain Mehdi
A thermodynamic analysis on Ejector Refrigeration Cycle (ERC), have been performed using eco-friendly refrigerants (i.e.R-404A, R-410A, R-407C, R-423A, R-500, R-502 and R-507C ) A numerical computation is carried out for finding COP, Second Law Efficiency (ηII) , Refrigeration Effect (RE) and Heat Input (Qin) of the ERC along with the variation in boiler temperature (Tb) , condenser temperature (Tc) and evaporator temperature (Te) for ecofriendly refrigerants for the ranges of the temperatures where the evaporator temperature is varying from 253K to 273K, with varying condenser temperature from 313K to 328K and with varying boiling temperature from 320 K to 345K. The maximum first Law Efficiency (ηI) is found in the range of 1.5-1.8 with fluid R-404A and condenser temperature 328K. At 253K evaporator temperature R-404A is working with maximum Second Law Efficiency (ηII) 37%. For the entire range of boiling temperature R-410A is having maximum Second Law Efficiency (ηII) except at 345K where R-404A is highest. The refrigeration effect is the maximum and is in the range of 200kW to 220kW for R-410A for all the ranges of temperatures. The highest COP is associated with R-404A with temperature variations
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Cascade Refrigeration System Based On Carbon Diox...IJERA Editor
Thermodynamic analysis of a cascade refrigeration system that uses carbon dioxide-ammonia (R744-R717) as refrigerant is presented in this paper to determine the optimum condensing temperature of the cascade condenser at given design parameters, to maximize the COP of the system. The design and operating parameters considered in this study include (1) condensing, sub cooling, evaporating and super heating temperatures in the ammonia (R717) high-temperature circuit, (2) temperature difference in the cascade heat exchanger, and (3) evaporating, superheating, condensing and sub cooling in the carbon dioxide (R744) low-temperature circuit. A multilinear regression analysis was employed in order to develop two useful correlations for maximum COP, and optimum condensing temperature.
Experimental Investigation on Adsorption Capacity of a Variety of Activated C...IJERA Editor
This study aims to develop a device with minimum heat and mass transfer limitations between adsorbent and
adsorbate, and subsequently to obtain practically applicable adsorption capacity data. Also, 5 kW adsorption
chillers (evaporators, condensers and adsorbers) are designed based on the experimental output data of the whole
tested pairs. A finned-tube heat exchanger was employed and installed at the center adsorber, and each employed
adsorbent was immobilized on its surfaces by using an adhesive agent. A variety of pairs: are activated carbon
powder (ACP)/R-134a, ACP/R-407c, ACP/R-507A, activated carbon granules (ACG)/R-507A, ACG /R-407c
and ACG /R-134a, were examined at different adsorption temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 50°C. It was found that,
at the adsorption temperature of 25°C the maximum adsorption capacity was 0.8352 kg kg-1 for ACP/R-134a,
while at the adsorption temperature of 50°C the maximum adsorption capacity was 0.3207 kg kg-1 for ACP/R-
134a. Therefore, the ACP/R-134a pair is highly recommended to be employed as adsorption refrigeration
working pair because of its higher maximum adsorption capacity higher than the other examined pairs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The air conditioning system of automobiles in today’s world uses “Vapour Compression
Refrigerant System” (VCRS) which absorbs and removes heat from the interior of the vehicle. The
system utilizes power from engine shaft as the input power to drive the compressor of the refrigerant
system. The loss of power of the engine to run the VCR system can be neglected by utilizing another
refrigeration system i.e. a “Vapour Absorption Refrigerant System”. In a Vapour Absorption
Refrigerant System, a physicochemical process replaces the mechanical process of the Vapour
Compression Refrigerant System by using energy in the form of heat rather than mechanical work.
The experimental work to utilize the waste heat from exhaust gases from an engine for the vapour
absorption refrigerant system with R-134a as refrigerant and DMF as absorbent. The experimental
results indicated that vehicle performance enhances, noise reduces, maintenance becomes easier, and
highly reliable. The data obtained from experimentation is presented analyzed in this paper.
5 heat exchanger thermal design of oil system for turbo centrifugal compresso...IJCMESJOURNAL
A thermal management is vital issues of all energy equipment such as compressor, gas turbine, and boilers etc. The compressor is generally used in power, oil & gas, air separation, and chemical plant. It is consist of air or gas compression part, gear, bearing, cooling, sealing, lube oil, and control system. In this study focused on heat exchanger for oil supply systems. Lube oil is very important to supply oil and protect bearing. Lube oil’s temperature control is vital issue to prevent system broken. Shell and tube heat exchanger is used as a cooler. In this study, HTRI Xist used to thermal design of oil cooler, with water and nanofluid. The thermal conductivity is ~9.3% higher than water. The tube side overall heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid is increased by ~9% compared to that of water.
Paper Statistics:
Design of waste heat driven vapour adsorption cooling system for vehicle air ...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this present era more & more focus is to be given on energy conservation. Refrigeration & air conditioning is one of the growing field of engineering, the existing system are hampering the environment as they are suffering from various environmental problems such as depletion of ozone layer & global warming due to emission of harmful gases such as HFC’s ,CFC’s & CO2 as they were using traditional refrigerants. Waste heat driven Vapour adsorption cooling system is eco-friendly, efficient, & reliable in nature. But on the other hand this system having lowers COP as compare to existing systems which is Due to the lack of research and advancement in the system. By considering the environmental aspects & need of energy conservation it is necessary to design and developed the VAR’s system which will successfully compete the existing systems. This paper will give the idea about the Design of waste heat driven vapour adsorption system of 2KW capacity for vehicle air-conditioning & refrigeration application. The adsorber bed is the heart of the cooling system and it can affect the performance of the system to the greater extent. So that while designing the VAR cooling system more focused is given on design and selection of adsorber bed. This article mainly focused on the various and important design parameters of the vapour adsorption cooling system Such as Adsorber bed design, adsorber and adsorbate mass, design of evaporator & condenser, Coefficient of performance(COP), Specific cooling power (SCP) and the other performance affecting parameters. Keywords: Vapour Adsorption, Design Parameters, Low Grade Thermal Energy, Adsorbate & Adsorbent.
Low charge ammonia vapour compression refrigeration system for residential ai...RAJESHKUMAR4616
Ammonia is widely used as a refrigerant in industrial systems for food refrigeration, distribution warehousing and process cooling. It has more recently been proposed for use in applications such as water chilling for air-conditioning systems but has not yet received widespread acceptance for this application. This project was envisaged to develop an ammonia vapour compression refrigeration system of 3 TR capacity for residential air conditioning and to analyze the minimum possible charge in order to reduce leakage hazards associated with the system. This would increase the use of ammonia in a more efficient way. It has Zero ODP and GWP which makes it to be environment friendly. Even though Ammonia is a cost effective and energy efficient alternative to conventional refrigerants like HCFCs and HFCs, etc., it is toxic. So, toxicity of ammonia needs to be addressed. This calls for low inventory of refrigerant in individual system. The present work aims at reducing the specific charge of ammonia for residential air conditioning system with air cooled condenser.
Design Calculation of Lab Based Vapour Compression Systemijtsrd
This paper deals with experimental investigation to calculate the value of main components of vapor compression refrigeration system and experimental results by using three different length of the capillary tube. At present, there are many types of refrigeration systems but the most widely used is vapor compression refrigeration system. This system is mainly used in air conditioning in buildings, electronic materials, automobile air conditioners, freezers, household refrigerators and even in supermarkets. This lab based refrigeration system is used R 134a because it can be replaced successfully for R 12 refrigerant and useful for many applications now. Moreover, it can be handling safely and has no damage effect to ozone layer. Ko Ko | Khin Maung Than | Aye Aye San "Design Calculation of Lab Based Vapour Compression System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29213.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29213/design-calculation-of-lab-based-vapour-compression-system/ko-ko
Coefficient of Performance Enhancement of Refrigeration CyclesIJERA Editor
Refrigerator is one of the home appliance utilizing mechanical vapor compression cycle in its process. Performance of the systems become the main issue and many researches are still ongoing to evaluate and improve the efficiency of any used system. Therefore, this paper presents an experimental investigation of the performance of the refrigeration cycles. A small rrefrigerator is used as the test rig. The Coefficient of Performance (COP) is studied by using different condenser designs and under varying evaporator loads. Three condenser designs are used in present work. These condensers are regular condenser of domestic refrigerator, condenser with copper plain tubes (Cond.1) and condenser with copper tubes welded with stainless steel flat plate (Cond.2). pressures and temperatures measurements of each point in the refrigeration cycle are collected in order to evaluate the refrigerator performance. The results showed that the average COP of Cond.1 and Cond.2 are increased up to 20 % and 14% respectively more than regular condenser design under no load. The evaporator load effects on the machine performance, where the COP of the machine increases with the increase of the evaporator load.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Ash Cooler Heat Recovery Under Energy Conservation SchemeIJAPEJOURNAL
A healthy fluidization state in circulating fluidized-bed combustion (CFBC) combustor is attributed to proper quantity of hot bed material (ash), which acts as a thermal fly-wheel. It receives & stores thermal energy from the burning of fuel (lignite) & distributes uniformly throughout the combustor & helps in maintaining a sustained combustion. The quantity of bed ash inside the combustor or size of the bed, depends upon boiler load & subsequently upon combustor temperature, lignite feed rate and ash % in lignite. As these parameters varies during process continuously, sometimes it becomes necessary to drain out the ash from the combustor. As & when differential pressure across the bed is increased from a justified level, draining of hot bed ash starts into Ash Coolers. Bed ash is drained at very high temperature of 850 oC & it also contains burning particles of lignite. This paper describes the heat recovery from bed ash, unloaded from the combustor into ash cooler, by pre-heating the condensate water of turbine cycle in a 125 MW CFB boiler of Surat Lignite Power Plant in India. The thermal performance of ash cooler was derived by doing a heat balance calculation based on the measured temperature of ash and cooling water with different load. From the heat balance calculation influence of ash temperature and ash amount on heat transfer coefficient is determined. Simulation is carried out around main turbine cycle indicates improved thermal economy of the unit, higher plant thermal efficiency, lower plant heat rate and reduce fuel consumption rate. Also simulation result shows that the heat transfer coefficient increase with ash amount and decreases with increase in ash temperature.
an experiment on a co2 air conditioning system with copper heat exchangersINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This paper presented an experiment on a CO2 air conditioning system with copper heat exchangers. In this study, the compressor and cooler were tested with hydraulic method to determine the deformed and torn temperatures. The results show that conventional compressor is not suitable for using high pressure, due to the COP of cycle is very low (0.5 only). With CO2 compressor, the cycle can be achieved COP of 3.07 at the evaporative temperature of 10C. This value equals with COP of commercial air conditioning system presently.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
78201906
1. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.8, August 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
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doi: 10.32622/ijrat. 78201906
Abstract— Presented system delivers improvement with
investigation adsorption cooling framework controlled by
fumes heat with just two governor valves. The refrigeration
limit with respect to a truck lodge is evaluated as 1 TR a size
of 3.5:1 is chosen and a model of 1 kW has been proposed
and experimentation has been confirmed in the laboratory. A
cooling impact between 1 to 1.2 kW has been acquired. The
COP of the framework is in the scope of 0 4 to 0.45. The
components of the proposed framework are minimal which
makes the system compact and portable. Proposed system
shows effectually adjustable to become reconcile in transport
truck. The all over weight of the structure for a cooling limit
of 1 kW is 30 kg. The warming time required to accomplish
the cooling impact is around 10 minutes. Proposed
framework challenges the issue of lodge and or compartment
cooling of truck without influencing fuel utilization. The
adsorber utilized are inventive two fold pipe mechanism for
exchanging the heat providing improved transmission of
along with fewer value of back pressure.
Index Terms— Adsorption cooling; Fumes heat;
Reconcile in transport truck; Refrigeration; Truck
compartment.
I. INTRODUCTION
In India highway transport is a noteworthy method of
vehicle for merchandise over huge distances. In summer
time, the air temperature in certain portions of India
associates up to 45oC. In such condition the temperature
inside the lodge and or compartment of transport truck even
surpasses 55o
C [1]. So there is a need of cooling framework
to keep the temperature of the lodge in control. For vehicle
cooling system, ordinarily vapor pressure based refrigeration
cycle is utilized. The cycle keeps running over locomotive
power and spends about 10 % of the all out power delivered
by the engine and in this manner builds the fuel utilization
[2]. It influences overall transportation cost and hence not a
worthy solution for cooling the truck cabinet. From
temperature balance computations, it is evident that big
amount of input heat measures contribution of around 30 %
of the complete heat provided goes away with exhaust gasses.
Also, around 30 % is leaving with cooling water. Among this,
nearby 60 % a section can be utilized to create the required
refrigerating impact for lodge cooling. 1 TR of coolant is
Manuscript revised August 19, 2019 and published on September 10,
2019
Dr. Harish Tiwari, Department of Mechanical engineering, PCCOER,
Ravet, Pune, Maharashtra, India
required to for cooling the cabinet of truck. As the capacity of
the automobile engine is at least 100 KW, considering the
heat balance and the required measure of amount for driving
a heat worked cycle, it is seen that fuel savings are
approximately 10 %. The accessible heat-generated cooling
alternatives were assessed fundamentally. The refrigeration
based on adsorption cycle is observed to be appropriate for
vehicular trucks. Carbon and ammonia are chosen as the
reasonable adsorbent- coolant pair. The fundamental
downside of the present frameworks examined in the
Literature is countless control valves, which builds spillage
issues and hence diminishes dependability of the framework.
In the present work an imaginative adsorption refrigeration
framework for lodge cooling of truck utilizing engine
exhaust-fumes is exhibited.
The implication of the proposed system is to provide
refrigeration without any impact on the working efficiency of
the vehicular engine. Further the proposed framework
utilizes non CFC coolant and in this way it has minimal
impact on atmosphere. In the proposed work the structural of
a model of 1 KW limit is proposed. It is chosen to build up the
model first to check the viable possibility of the proposed
framework. The model is verified by means of
experimentations in the research facility under simulated
variable conditions of road.
The principal car cooling framework depended on Vapour
Compression Refrigeration framework (VCR) and was
presented by Packer in 1939. Over the most recent 70 years,
vehicle cooling framework has experienced steady and
constant enhancements in execution and proficiency because
of upgrades in the individual segments of components. A
portion of the elective advancements which may be changes
engine-driven schemes can be Solid adsorption cooling
frameworks, Absorption cooling, Stirling cycle cooling,
Thermo acoustic refrigeration, dynamic attractive
regenerator framework, thermo electric gadgets [3]. These
schemes are still in phases of development. Vapour
absorption framework and adsorption framework are
observed to be most encouraging for vehicles, but all intents
and purposes, there are certain weaknesses for vapor
absorption frameworks for versatile applications and it is
likewise troublesome with littler capacities. At present no
VAR framework is accessible in market for limits up to 10
kW [4].
A solid vapour adsorption is same as like fluid vapour
absorption scheme, where the refrigerant is adsorbed at the
outside of another solid known as adsorbent. The
introductory report of Metrons Transportation focus proposes
Dr. Harish Tiwari
Investigation of Adsorption based Air-condition System
Committed for Colling of Truck Compartment
2. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.8, August 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
11
doi: 10.32622/ijrat. 78201906
the reasonableness of Adsorption scheme for vehicles [5].
The report exhibits the comparison of VCR framework and
VAR framework.
Large number of experimentations conveyed test results
proposes about the attainability of adsorption frameworks.
NH3 - enacted carbon has been recommended as refrigerant -
adsorbent pair.
Saha et al [6] in the exhibited work have shown double mode
silica gel water adsorption chillers plan alongside different
temperature goes and got ideal outcomes for temperature
scope of 50 o
C and 55 o
C. Correlation of COP has been
introduced for three phase mode and single stage numerous
modes. Reenactment has been displayed and the COP is in
the scope of 0.2 and 0.45 separately. [5] have exhibited the
accomplishments in strong sorption refrigeration models,
acquired since the enthusiasm for sorption framework was
reestablished toward the part of the bargain. The applications
included ice making and cooling [6] in his work professed to
get COP of 0.15 for sun based application.
This paper shows a comprehensive survey on the past
endeavors in the field of adsorption cooling frameworks for
truck. Further the frameworks examined in literature are not
exceptionally straightforward in operation. The more number
of valves and spillages are serious issues.
Due to these issues the adsorption refrigeration framework
couldn't turn into a down to earth arrangement. These issues
are proposed to be comprehended in the present work.
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM AND ADOPTED METHODOLOGY
The test mechanical assembly would used supply those
fundamental heat of the adsorber for IC engine. The
schematic framework of the skeleton may be provided for in
figure 1. Those set up comprises for two adsorber, two
condensers Also person evaporator. The condensers are
connected with evaporator through control valves. Two
adsorber beds are suggested person over warming mode
another On cooling mode. A standout amongst those adsorber
will be blamed for refrigerant soluble base. Two condensers,
particular case evaporator. Two control valves What's more
particular case evaporator need aid connected Likewise
showed up over fig. 2. The condensers more evaporator is
fitted for a fan for compelled wind engine debilitate gasses
enter those adsorber stacked up for ammodytidae with warm
the adsorber couch toward reliable impostor. Adsorber
rejects those refrigerant for those adsorption for warmth
Similarly as the adsorptivity may be a part from climb in
temperature. Those refrigerant gets compacted in perspective
for warming In reliable impostor. Those stuffed refrigerant
dives will condenser through control valve.
Fig.1. Layout of proposed system
Rfrigerant which may be done vaporous state may be thick
in the condenser In secondary weight dependent upon the
barometrical temperature. Ahead you quit offering on that
one side for control valve those weight may be helter skelter
Also on the inverse side of control valve the weight will be
low. The control valve outlet may be connected with alternate
adsorber. All heat development coefficients, Uo depends
inside and outside heat development coefficients and the
conductance through steel tubes and adsorbing material. It
will be decided using large heat exchange through compound
chamber the zone required for high temperature move should
supply the heat of 2 KW of the adsorber that will be dictated
as Aad = 0. 6 m2
. Previously, cooling mode through
evaporator and other condenser. Adsorber are chosen shown
in table 1.
TABLE I: Adsorber Parameters
Adsorber temperatures 160 oC
refrigerating impact 1 KW
warmth of dissipation of alkali (L) 1035 kJ kg-1.
idle heat as 0.45 kg
Thickness of adsorbing material 680 kg m-3
It is provided for Eventually described in (1) and condition
(2).
[( ) ( )]
(1)
[ ( ) ( )]
(2)
(3)
The temperature needed should high temperature or cool the
adsorber (Qad,heating) will be ascertained. Qad,heating = 2
kw to getting An cooling impact about 1 kw.
The heat exchange region may be computed from the
Emulating (3).
(4)
3. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.8, August 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
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doi: 10.32622/ijrat. 78201906
Fig. 2. Adsorber.
The zone approachable for heat move to this circumstance
is 0. 45 m2
. Balances would provided for on the focus shell
and inside those central barrel stretches the zone will around
0. 8 m2
. This locale ought on make sufficient for warmth
move. The most recent estimations and standard highlights of
the adsorber of the schema need aid provided for clinched
alongside table 2.
Condenser will make uncovered with climatic air striking
with truck couch speed. Temperature distinction may be
expected will make 7 o
C. Qc = 2 KW. The standard condenser
utilized within automobiles need been utilized to the
experimentation.
Fig. 3. Condenser.
TABLE II: Main feature of the Adsorption refrigeration
system
Parameter Values of Observations
Refrigerant used Ammonia
Adsorbing material (coconut shell) Charcoal 4 mm granule size
Mass of adsorbing material in adsorber 1.8 kg
Mass of refrigerant 0.6 kg
Weight of each adsorber 10.5 kg
Length and Diameter of adsorber 1.1 m and 110 mm.
Weight of condenser with fan 2.4 kg
Weight of evaporator 2.4 kg
Overall weight of the system 30 kg
Number of control valves 2
Control valve size 10 mm
Fig. 4. Experimental set up
A fan may be fitted of the condenser to consolidating the
refrigerant in the condenser. Condensers would two done
amount Furthermore need aid associated with every adsorber.
The outlet of the condenser may be associated with control
valves. The condenser will be demonstrated to fig. 3.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A progression of analyses has been completed on the
created trial set up in the research facility. The fumes gases
are gone through adsorber I which is in heating mode.
Adsorber II is in cooling mode and is cooled by water flow.
Both the control valves are in shut position. The weight
begins expanding. The readings are recorded according to the
method clarified in past area of framework working. The
outcomes are shown with the assistance of the accompanying
Figures (Figure 5 to Figure 8). Chart 1 is called an isotherm is
a diagram drawn between mass of the refrigerant ingested at
different weight in the adsorber at consistent temperature. It
is as appeared in Graph 1.
Thus different charts have been shown for investigation
purpose about the refrigerating impact, COP at different
fumes gas temperatures. Heating time which is a significant
parameter in adsorption refrigeration has additionally been
recorded and plotted at different fumes gas temperatures.
Fig. 5. Isotherm (pressure Vs X at constant T)
Concentration
Pressure in bar
4. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.8, August 2019
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doi: 10.32622/ijrat. 78201906
Fig. 6. Graph between Tex Vs. COP
Fig. 7. Graph between Δt Vs Tex.
Fig. 8. Graph between COP Vs. Δt
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The engine power required to run a cooling framework can
be saved by utilizing waste heat controlled cooling
framework. The proposed cooling structure ran by
frameworks with incited carbon and NH3. Similarly as
adsorbent refrigerant sets may be picked and used. In the
recommended plan sloid material will be used as adsorber
which makes framework sensible to versant provisions. The
cop of the skeleton will be around 0. 45 to a cooling farthest
point of 1 kw. Those all load of the framework to cooling
breaking point of 1 TR is 30 kg. Proposed framework may be
altogether preservationist and could make presented for a
truck couch. It reduced number about valves makes those
schema progressively dependable furthermore spillage spare.
The novel heat exchanger as adsorber exchanges for warming
and cooling.
REFERENCES
[1] Alam, S, ―A proposed model for utilizing exhaust heat to run
automobile air-conditioner‖, The 2nd Joint International Conference
on Sustainable Energy and Environment, Bangkok, Thailand , pp.
21-23, November 2006,.
[2] Harish Tiwari, Dr. G. V. Parishwa, ―Adsorption Refrigeration System
for Cabin Cooling of Trucks‖, International Journal of Emerging
Technology and Advanced Engineering, ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2,
Issue 10, October 2012
Aprachi, V., Kao S. H., Selamet A., Introduction to heat transfer, 1999,
Prentice Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ, U.S.A.
[3] Furzanchy, A., Ali, A. and Tootoonchi, ―Controlling automobile
thermal comfort using optimized fuzzy controller‖, Applied Thermal
Engineering, pp. 1267 – 1270, May 2008.
[4] Kong, X., Wang, R., Wu, J., Hung, X., Huang, Y., Wu, D. and Yu, Y.,
―Experimental investigation of a macro combined cooling, heating and
power system by a gas engine‖, International journal of refrigeration,
pp. 77 – 87, September 2005.
[5] Tumainot, Z., Metacolf, S. and R. Critoph, ―Novel compact sorption
generators for car air conditioning‖, International journal of
Refrigeration, pp. 727 – 733, May 2009.
[6] Wang R. and Oliveira, R., ― Absorption refrigeration an efficient way
to make good use of waste heat and solar energy‖, International
sorption Heat Pump Conference, Denver, June 22, 2005.
AUTHORS PROFILE
Dr. Harish U. Tiwari currently working as
Principal at Pimpri Chinchwad College of
Engineering & Research, Ravet, Pune-412101. I
have personally filled 19 patents in field of
refrigeration, electronics, mechanics, etc., and
assisted around 200 patents, and wishing to
commercialize those patents.
COP
Exhaust Gas Temperature
HeatingTime(S)
Exhaust Gas Temperature
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
800 1000 1200 1400
COP
Heating Time in s