3. PLAN QUALITY
Plan Quality is the process of identifying quality
requirements and/ or standards for the project and product,
and documenting how the project will demonstrate
compliance.
4. PLAN QUALITY
Quality Planning should be performed in parallel
with the other project planning processes. For,
example, proposed changes in the product to meet
identified quality standards may require cost or
schedule adjustments and a detailed risk analysis
of the impact to plans.
6. Quality is “the degree to which a set of inherent
characteristics fulfill requirements”
Two aspects of quality management:
Project quality – general
Product quality – outcome specific
Concepts
Quality: the degree to which a set of inherent
characteristics fulfill requirements”(no obvious defects)
Grade: is a category assigned to products or services having
the same functional use but different technical characteristics
(numerous features)
Precision: means the values of repeated measurements are
clustered and have little scatter (consistent-measures clustered
and have little scatter)
Accuracy: means that the measured value is very close to the true
value (correctness-measured value very close to true value)
6
What is Quality?
13. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
Cost- Benefit Analysis
Quality planning must consider cost-benefit trade-offs. The primary benefit of
meeting quality requirements is less rework, which means higher productivity,
lower costs, and increased stakeholder satisfaction. The primary cost of meeting
quality requirements is the expense associated with Project Quality Management
activities.
Benchmarking
Is the process of comparing previous similar activities to the current project activities
to provide a standard to measure performance against.
Design of Experiments
Is a statistical technique that identifies the elements-or variables-that will have the
greatest effect on overall project outcome.
Cost of Quality
The total cost to produce the product or service of the project according to the
quality standards. The costs include all work necessary to meet the products for
conformance to requirement whether the work was planned or unplanned
(including rework). It also includes the costs of work performed due to
nonconforming quality requirement
other Tools
Other tools are used to better define the situation and help plan effectively and
these include affinity diagram, force field analysis, nominal group techniques,
matrix diagrams, flowcharts, and prioritization matrix
14. HINT
Philip Crosby
Devised the zero defect practice (do it right the first time (costs will increase when
quality planning isn't performed upfront, you will have to engage rework)
Joseph M. Juran
Noted for fitness for use premise. This means the stakeholders’ and customers’
expectation are met or exceeded. This says that conformance to specifications-
product meets expectation
W. Edward Deming
Father of quality and 85% cost of quality is a management problem. Once quality
issue has hit the floor, or the worker level, the workers have little control. Example
if a highway project is using inferior grade asphalt for a job, the worker has no
control. They are at the mercy of management. Founder of TQM. Like TQM, he
says the process is the problem not the people. Six Sigma is a TQM concept.
Kaizen Approach
Concept from Japan which means Continuous Improvement. Project team must be
constantly watching for quality improvement opportunities. It says you should
improve the quality of your people first
15. PLAN QUALITY-OUTPUTS
Quality Management Plan
Quality Metrics
Quality Checklists
Process Improvement Plan
Project Document Update
16. PLAN QUALITY-OUTPUTS
Quality Management Plan
The quality management plan describes how the project management team will
enact (perform) the quality policy. It should document
the resources needed to carry out the quality plan,
the responsibilities of the project team in implementing quality, and
all the processes and procedures the project team and organization should
use to satisfy quality requirements, including quality control, quality
assurance techniques, and continuous improvement processes
17. PLAN QUALITY-OUTPUTS
Quality Metrics
Also known as operational definition, describes what is being measured and how it will be measured by the Perform
Quality Control process.
E.g. Deliverable-Procuring 50 packets of roofing sheet for a project. Date it must be delivered, counting or inventory
process to ensure you received the number you ordered. Measurement consist of actual values not Yes or No
Quality Checklists
A checklist is a structured tool, usually component-specific, used to verify that a set of
required steps has been followed. They are used to determine whether the right steps
have been followed
Quality Baseline
This records the quality objectives of the project. The quality baseline is the basis for
measuring and reporting quality performance as part of the performance
measurement baseline.
Process Improvement Plan
It details the steps for analyzing processes that will facilitate the identification of
waste and non-value added activity, thus increasing customer satisfaction
Project Document Update
21. PERFORM QUALITY
ASSURANCE
Quality assurance is the process of auditing the
quality requirements and the results from quality
control measurements to ensure appropriate
quality standards and operational definitions are
used. It is about process improvement.
Too often, people think of quality as simply
measuring, testing, and inspecting the final
product; however, quality management should be
about improving the process as well as the
product.
22. PERFORM QUALITY
ASSURANCE
The process is performed as an ongoing activity in the
project management lifecycle.
It typically begins early and continues throughout the life
of the project. Because Perform Quality Assurance uses
many of the outputs of the Quality Planning, it is not
undertaken until after Quality Planning has been
performed.
23. Transformation
• Quality Planning and Quality Control
Tools & Techniques
• Quality Audits
• Process Analysis
Outputs
• Organizational
Process Assets
update
•Change Requests
• Project
Management Plan
• Project document
update
Inputs
• Quality Management Plan
• Process Improvement Plan
• Quality Metrics
• Work Performance data
• Approved Change Requests
• Quality Control Measurements
Quality
Planning
Jubilee House
Project
Perform
Quality
Control
Perform Quality Assurance
24. INPUTS-PERFORM QUALITY ASSURANCE
Quality Management Plan
Process Improvement Plan
Quality Metrics
Work Performance data
Approved Change Requests
Quality Control Measurements
25. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES-
PERFORM QUALITY ASSURANCE
Quality Planning and Quality Tools & Techniques
Quality Audits
Process Analysis
29. PERFORM QUALITY CONTROL (QC)
This process involves monitoring specific project
results to determine whether they comply with
relevant quality standards and identifying ways to
eliminate causes of unsatisfactory results.
It should be performed throughout the project.
Quality standards include project processes and
product goals
30. TERMINOLOGY
Prevention (keeping errors out of the process) and
inspection (keeping errors out of the hands of the
customer)
Attribute sampling (the result conforms, or it does
not) and variables sampling (the result is rated on a
continuous scale that measures the degree of
conformity)
31. TERMINOLOGY
Special causes (unusual events) and common
(normal process variation). Common causes are
also called random causes.
Tolerances (the result is acceptable if it falls within
the range specified by the tolerance) and control
limits (the process is in control if the result falls
within the control limits).
33. PERFORM QUALITY CONTROL (QC)
The project results include deliverables and
project management results, such as cost
and schedule performance
QC is often performed by quality control
department or similar titled unit.
QC can include taking action to eliminate
causes of unsatisfactory project
performance
The project management team should have
a working knowledge of statistical quality
control, especially sampling and probability
to help evaluate QC outputs.
34. Transformation
• Cause and Effect Diagram
•Control Charts
•Flowcharting
•Histogram
•Pareto Chart
•Run Chart
•Scatter Diagram
•Statistical Sampling
•Inspection
•Defect Repair Review
Outputs
• Quality Control
measurements
•Validated defect repair
•Quality Baseline (U)
•Recommended Corrective
Actions
•Recommended Preventive
Actions
• Requested Changes
• Recommended Defect
Repairs
• OPA (U)
•Validated deliverable
•Project Management Plan
(U)
Inputs
• Quality Management Plan
•Quality Metrics
• Quality Checklists
•Organizational Process Assets
•Work Performance Information
•Approved Change Requests
•Deliverables
Perform Quality Control
CAN 2008
Direct and
Manage Project
Work
Close Project
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