1. To Study Basic Agriculture Sciences for Mainly Class 6th & 7th Students 2. Introduction to Status of Punjab Agriculture System 3. Introduction to Punjab Agri-Economy Concepts 4. Introduction to Green Revolution & White Revolution 5. Introduction to Agricultural Subsidiary Occupations 6. Problems related to Punjab Agriculture 7. Agricultural Marketing Aids

1. STATUS OF PUNJAB
AGRICULTURE
CLASS – 6 AGRICULTURE SCIENCE
CHAPTER – 1
By :
Pushpinder Singh
B.Sc. (Hons.) Botany

2. Introduction
Punjab Is a Agrarian State / Society
• From Latin agrarius (“of the land”)
• Agrarian : Any community whose economy is based on producing and
maintaining crops and farmland.

3. Punjab Economy
• 2/3rd or 35.5% of Punjab Population is
Based on Agriculture & Ailled
Activities, directly or indirectly.
• Punjab Economy’s Backbone is
Agriculture
• Agriculture Sector contribute 21% to
State Economy or Income of State or
State GDP.
• 70% Population of India is dependent
on agriculture & 82% are small and
marginal farmers.

4. Area of Punjab under Agriculture
• The total geographical area of Punjab is 5.03 Million Hectare
• Geographical area under agriculture is 41.34 Lakh hectare, which is
83.4% of total geographical area.
• It is 1.5% of total cultivated area of India
• Acreage : Area of land used for agricultural purposes
In Punjab,
• In Rabi Season 80% Area is Cultivated with Wheat
• In Kharif Season 60% Area is Cultivated with Rice

5. Punjab Agricultural Yield
• Punjab Produces 22% of Country Wheat
• Punjab Produces 11% of Country Rice
In Last Four Decades (40 Years) : Contribution to Central Pool
Besides, 1.53% Cultivation Area in India, there is significant
contribution by Punjab
• Wheat is 33-75% in India
• Rice is 22-60% in India
• Collectively in Average, 22% Wheat, 10% Rice and 13% Cotton is
contributed

6. Punjab Agricultural Yield Per Acre
In 2011-12
• Average Yield of Wheat per acre is 51 qt/Acre
• Average Yield of Rice per acre is 60 qt/Acre
Let’s Calculate
• 1 qt or Quintal is 100 Kg
• 1 t or ton is 1000 Kg
• So, How many quintals in one ton ?

7. Crop of South-West Punjab : Cotton
• Cotton is also important crop of Punjab
beside Wheat & Rice
• It is mostly grown in South-West Punjab
• In 2012-13 Acreage under Cotton is 4.81
Lakh hectares.
• There are Eight districts in South
malwa, with concentration in 4
districts, where Cotton is cultivated.
• Bathinda, Fazilka, Muktsar, Mansa
(Decending Order of Yield)

8. Punjab Agricultural University
• Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana gave direction to Agricultural
Practices of Punjab
• Punjab Agricultural University is Established in Ludhiana in 1962.
• Inaugarted by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru on 8th July 1963
• PAU is Key of Green Revolution & Make Punjab & India Self Sufficient
in wheat and rice needs.

9. Green Revolution
• It is started in 1960s or 1966
• Father of Green Revolution (WORLD) is Dr. Norman E Borlaug in
Mexico (USA) in 1940s and 1950s
• Father of Green Revolution (INDIA) is Dr. M.S Swaminathan

10. What Green Revolution Done ?
• Green Revolution Make Punjab Self Sufficient In Wheat & Rice Production & India Also
• Green Revolution Make Country Self-sufficient by following ways :-
• High Yielding Varities
• Chemical Fertilizers
• Pesticides
• Good irrigation facility
• Easy loan facility
• Agricultural Facilities like MSP & Assured Marketing
• Farmers Hardworking
• Scientist Contribution
• Extension Activities

11. Effect of Green Revolution
• Green Revolution make Punjab Farmers Prosperous by good Income
from Wheat & Rice Cultivation

12. After Green Revolution Success – Why
Stagnation ?
• In Subsequent Years, of Wheat Rice Cultivation Punjab Farmers got
trapped in this Vicious Cycle of Wheat-Rice Crop Rotation (Rabi-
Kharif) Monoculture.
• Monoculture : Growing single crop in an area. (Defective Cropping
Practice)
• Polyculture : Planting of two or more crops in the same field at the
same time.
• Excessive use of Pesticides
• Environmental Factors

13. Problem with Monoculture/Monocropping
• Now 98% Area of Punjab under Irrigation
• 250 Kg/Hectare of chemical fertilizers are used
• Depleted Natural Resources of Punjab in terms of Soil (Fertility Level)
and Water (Water Level)

14. Punjab : Land of Five Rivers
• Punjab once known as land of Five Rivers now facing shortage of
water
• Beas, Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Sutlej are five rivers of Punjab
• Punjab is also known as Breadbasket of Country.

15. Subsidiary Occupation with Agriculture
• Dairy Industry or dairying
• Poultry Farming
• Mushroom Cultivation or Fungiculture
• Bee Keeping or Apiculture
• Fish Farming or aquaculture or Mariculture (Marine Fishes)

16. Dairy Industry or Activities
• Key Factor : Domesticated Milch Animals
Milch Animals : The animal that produce milk are known as milch
animals
Benefit of Milch Animals:
• Household Needs
• Farmers Income

17. Milch Animals
• Goat : Very Nutrious but Very Less Quantity
• Cows : Nutritious, Easy Digest but Less Quantity than Buffaloes
• Buffaloes : Large Quantity “Chief Source of Milk”
• Camel
• Sheep
• Draught Animals ? Do Search Yourself !

18. Milk Production In Punjab
• Punjab is at 4th Position in Milk Production in India

19. Milk Assured Marketing : Milkfed
• MILKFED is “The Punjab State Cooperative Milk Producers
Federation Limited”
• It is controlled By Govt. of Punjab
• Verka is now under Milkfed
• Milkfed is established In 1973 with twin objective
1. Carry activities for promoting production, procurement and
processing of milk for the economic development of milk producers
by providing remunerative milk market to them at their door step
2. To provide quality milk and milk products to consumers at
reasonable rates.

20. Not Confuse Milkfed and Markfed

21. White Revolution
• Father of White Revolution (INDIA) Dr. Verghese Kurien
• He make ‘Operation Flood Programme in 1970’ also known
as White Revolution to increase dairy production
• Also Known As Milkman of India and Indian Milkman
• He pioneered Ananad Model of Dairy Cooperative as AMUL (Aanad
Milk Union Limited)
• 'Unfinished Dream' is a book written by Verghese Kurien.
• National Dairy Development Board - Anand (Gujarat).
• National Dairy Research Institute - Karnal (Haryana).

22. National Milk Day
• Birthday of Dr. Verghese Kurien : 26 November

23. Punjab Agriculture : Alarming Water State
• Soil & Water Resources get depleted
• Water level goes more than 20 meters down in 50% of area of
Punjab.
• Now Farmers using Deep tubewell and Submersible pumps
• It is an important source of irrigation as it irrigates large areas
of land in comparatively less time and it can irrigate the fields
throughout the year.
• It increased energy requirements

24. Why Soil Get Degraded ?
• In Punjab the major cause of land degradation is over-irrigation.
• Over-irrigation leads to water logging which in turn leads to
increase in alkalinity and salinity in the soil.
• Monocropping of wheat-rice in the last four decades has affected
the natural resources of Punjab especially in terms of over use of
water and soil.
• Excessive use of chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides,
the soil has degraded, which has led to further decrease in water
holding capacity of the soil and its friable and loose structure of soil.
• Soil degradation causes include agricultural, industrial, and
commercial pollution; loss of arable land due to urban expansion,
overgrazing, and unsustainable agricultural practices; and long-term
climatic changes

25. Agricultural Growth Rate
• In 1980 is 4.6%
• In 2000 is 2.3%
• Annual Growth Rate of Agriculture is decreased in successive years
after green revolution.

26. On Farm Burning of Paddy Straw
• Leads to the loss of soil organic matter and essential
nutrients, reduces microbial activities and the land more
vulnerable to soil erosion.
• Air Pollution – Main contributor to the smog in Delhi and parts
of northern India in pre-winter months
• Delhi's air quality levels in winter exacerbate respiratory
problems and lead to disruption in air and road travel due to
the poor visibility.

27. Why Punjab Farmers Are In Financial Crises
• Excessive use of Fertilizers, Pesticides, Insecticides
• Decreased water level led to use of deep tubewells & submersible
pumps led to more financial burden.
• Monoculture of wheat-rice make farmers traped in it because other
crops marketing is not assured
• Overproduction of rice-wheat & more financial burden mwke farmers
income less.
• All this, ultimately led to social distress in state.

28. Solution : Diversification of Punjab Agriculture
• Diversification can only save Punjab natural resources
• Rice should be exchanged with Pulses, Oils, Vegetables & Fruits
• Thus farmers need to be encouraged to adopt these crops but
this is only possible if farmers are trained in the
(1) Cultivation
(2) Value addition
(3) Marketing of these enterprises

29. Stop Unabated Use of Fertilizers & Pesticides
• Learn,
• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)

30. Aids in Marketing
• Farmers have to unify among them and form help groups like, Self Help Groups
(SHGs), Cooperatives, Farmers Producers Organizations
• Lists of some reforms that can help agricultural markets in a big way
are as follows:
• Linking Farmers with Markets
• Improving Infrastructure
• Storage Facilities
• Direct Sales
• Transportation
• Access to Finance
• Price Information
• Food Processing Facilities

31. Thanks
Solve End-Chapter Questions In Copy
& Re-Read Chapter

32. Reference :
• Text book of Agriculture, Class-6, PSEB, SAS Nagar, Mohali