this will help you to get the idea that how the agriculture is perfomed in Orissa

1. AGRICULTURE IN ORISSA

2. • Over 76 percent of the people are dependent on agriculture. Out of
the gross cropped area of 87.46 lakh hectares, 18.79 lakh hectares
are irrigated. Rice, pulses, oil seeds, jute, mesta, sugarcane,
coconut and turmeric are important crops. There are also cash crops
like tea, cotton and rubber.
• The Orissa contributes one-tenth of the rice production in India.
Apart from irrigation, floods, droughts, low yield per hectare and
division and fragmentation of holidays are the most important
agricultural problem of the state. Jute, gram, sesame, ragi, mustard,
rape and maize are second-ranking crops in different districts.
District-wise, jute ranks second in Cuttack and Balasore, gram in
Puri and Phulabani. Maize in Mayurbhanj.

3.  FOOD GRAINS
• Food grains include cereals, millets and pulses. Among cereals, the most
important crop was rice. It was followed by ragi, maize, wheat, small millets
and bajra. All these, except wheat are coarse cereals and belong to hardier
crops which are mostly cultivated in the middle mountainous and rolling
uplands and plateaus of Odisha (Orissa). Whereas rice is confined to the
coastal plains, the river valleys and Hirakud command areas where alluvial
soil is found. Coarse cereals are of major importance in Odisha (Orissa)
both in production and productivity.
• RICE. Among the cereals rice is the most dominant crop. It is concentrated
in areas of Cuttack, Sambalpur, Puri, Ganjam, Baleshwar, Koraput,
Kendujhar and Kalahandi. Rice cultivation is mostly confined to the alluvial
coastal plains and river valleys below the 305 meter contour line because of
ideal topographical and soil conditions.

5. PULSES
• Gram, tur and arhar are the major pulses grown in Odisha
(Orissa). The pulses can be broadly divided into kharif and
rabi crops. Irrigated tracts like the Mahanadi delta, the
Rushikulya plains and the Hirakud and Badimula regions
are the prominent pulse growing areas of Odisha (Orissa).
Production of pulses are concentrated in districts like
Cuttack, Puri, Kalahandi, Koraput, Dhenkanal, Balangir and
Sambalpur.

7. OIL SEEDS
• Sesameum, groundnut, mustard, castor and linseed are the principal
oilseeds grown in Odisha (Orissa). Oilseeds are categorized as kharif
and rabi crops. Rabi oilseeds are grown as a second crop after the
cereals are harvested. Among the oilseeds, groundnut and castor are
the hardier crops and are grown in marginal and sub-marginal lands.
• Oilseed cultivation is concentrated in districts like Cuttack, Koraput,
Kalahandi, Bolangir, Sambalpur, Dhenkanal and Ganjam. All these are
located in a less hospitable terrain.

8. • Coconut is mostly confined to the coastal plains because of the high
salinity of the soil. Unlike Kerala, in Odisha (Orissa) coconut is
primarily grown as a fruit crop. Except coconut, all other oilseeds are
seasonal in character.
• Except Cuttack district, all the other major oilseeds producing districts
are located either in the middle mountainous or rolling uplands of
Odisha (Orissa), where the edaphic and climatic conditions are
favourable. While Dhenkanal is the leading til producing district,
Baleshwar leads in mustard and Cuttack in groundnut production.

10. CASH CROPS
• Among cash crops, fiber crops are specially important. Jute accounts for the
maximum area and turn out among all the cash crops. Odisha (Orissa) is the
fourth largest producer of jute after West Bengal, Bihar and Assam. Rice and
jute, compete with each other as they require almost similar soil and climatic
conditions. Cultivation of jute is primarily confined to the coastal plains of
Cuttack, Balasore and Puri districts.
• A considerable amount of Mesta is also cultivated. It dominates in the
districts of Cuttack, Ganjam, Balangir and Koraput districts.
• Sugarcane is the second most important cash crop in Odisha (Orissa) in
area as well as production. It is grown in irrigated areas. Odisha (Orissa)
stands eighth in sugarcane production in India. A considerable amount of
cultivation occurs in Cuttack, Sambalpur, Balangir, Kalahandi and Puri
districts, Odisha (Orissa) also produces a small quantity of tobacco. In cash
crop production, Cuttack district tops the list.

11. • Among the new cash crops, the most important is cashew which has
been planted extensively in the low level latiritic plateaus at the
foothills of the Eastern Ghats. These cashew plantations are mostly
confined to Cuttack, Puri and Ganjam districts. The Cashew
Plantation Board is responsible for the development of cashew
cultivation in the state. Cashew is also being planted on the sand-
dunes on the entire coastal belt. This is because of the suitable
edaphic and climatic conditions in these areas. On the degraded and
deforested hills of the Eastern Ghats, cashew is planted to check soil
erosion. As a result, Odisha (Orissa) is earning a lot of foreign
exchange by exporting cashew through Paradeep.

13. RUBBER PLANTATIONS
• To protect the degraded hill slopes of Eastern Ghats, rubber
plantation have been taken up by Rubber Board. Bright
prospect for the growth and development of natural rubber
exist in the northern Odisha (Orissa) - Mayurbhanj,
Kendujhar and Baleshwar due to favourable agro-climatic
conditions. Odisha (Orissa) is a non-traditional area for
rubber plantations. Inland hill areas of Cuttack, Puri,
Ganjam and Dhenkanal districts have agro-climatic
conditions suitable for rubber cultivation.

15. • Cotton cultivation has been taken up extensively in
Koraput, Balangir and Kalahandi districts where suitable soil
and climate conditions are found. Sea island cotton can be
grown in the Ballipal region of Baleswar district
• Tea is concentrated in areas of Eastern Ghats, Kendujhar,
mountainous region of Phulbani and Koraput.
• Coffee is concentrated in forest lands of Eastern Ghats,
Koraput, Kalhandi, Malkangiri, Rayagada, G.Udayagiri and
Balliguda areas of Kanohanthal district.

17. THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTIONS