The mature ovum is covered by a plasma membrane that is surrounded by protective accessory egg membranes. These membranes include a primary membrane like the vitelline membrane in many animals, which adheres closely to the plasma membrane. Secondary membranes are produced by follicle cells surrounding the ovum, and tertiary membranes are secreted by the oviduct when the egg passes to the exterior. The various egg membranes provide protection and help prevent polyspermy in mammals.
Echinoderms are marine animals characterized by spiny skin, internal skeletons, and tube feet. They exhibit five-part radial symmetry and have a water vascular system used for respiration, circulation, and movement. Echinoderms reproduce through external fertilization and have simple nervous systems lacking brains. Common examples are starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, feather stars, and sea lilies, which fill important ecological roles as predators, grazers, and filter feeders.
Chaetognaths, also known as arrow worms, are small marine animals found throughout the world's oceans. They have a slender transparent body with fins and a tail that aid in locomotion. Arrow worms feed voraciously on plankton and small fish using spines around their mouth. Reproduction is hermaphroditic, with internal fertilization producing planktonic eggs. Locomotion involves bursts of undulating body movements propelled by tail fins and stabilized by side fins.
Digestive system of reptiles, birds and mammalsRittik Garg
The document summarizes and compares the digestive systems of reptiles, birds, and mammals. Reptiles have teeth on multiple jaw bones and a muscular tongue. Birds lack teeth and have a two-part stomach. Mammals have different types of teeth and specialized salivary glands. While differences exist, the basic components and functions of the digestive tract are similar across these groups, from mouth to anus.
Comparative anatomy & Physiology of Excretion in Invertebrates.pptxSoniaBajaj10
This document discusses and compares the excretory systems of various non-chordate animals. It describes the main excretory organs in groups like protozoa, porifera, coelenterates, platyhelminthes, nemathelminthes, annelids, arthropods, molluscs, and echinodermata.
In protozoa, contractile vacuoles function as excretory organs, removing ammonia and excess water. Porifera rely on water flow through their pores and oscula to excrete waste. Coelenterates use diffusion through their permeable body surfaces. Platyhelminthes and nemathelminthes have protonephridia or flame cells
Teknik sampling plankton meliputi pengambilan sampel secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan jaring plankton dengan ukuran mata jaring yang sesuai. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara horizontal dan vertikal, kemudian sampel dipertahankan dalam formalin untuk analisis lebih lanjut di laboratorium.
Urochordata, also known as tunicates or sea squirts, are a subphylum of chordates that have a notochord only during their larval stage. They are filter feeders that live in aquatic or marine environments and have a u-shaped gut. Most urochordates are hermaphrodites and can reproduce both sexually and asexually through budding. They lack a brain and have a simple nervous system consisting of a nerve cord.
The mature ovum is covered by a plasma membrane that is surrounded by protective accessory egg membranes. These membranes include a primary membrane like the vitelline membrane in many animals, which adheres closely to the plasma membrane. Secondary membranes are produced by follicle cells surrounding the ovum, and tertiary membranes are secreted by the oviduct when the egg passes to the exterior. The various egg membranes provide protection and help prevent polyspermy in mammals.
Echinoderms are marine animals characterized by spiny skin, internal skeletons, and tube feet. They exhibit five-part radial symmetry and have a water vascular system used for respiration, circulation, and movement. Echinoderms reproduce through external fertilization and have simple nervous systems lacking brains. Common examples are starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, feather stars, and sea lilies, which fill important ecological roles as predators, grazers, and filter feeders.
Chaetognaths, also known as arrow worms, are small marine animals found throughout the world's oceans. They have a slender transparent body with fins and a tail that aid in locomotion. Arrow worms feed voraciously on plankton and small fish using spines around their mouth. Reproduction is hermaphroditic, with internal fertilization producing planktonic eggs. Locomotion involves bursts of undulating body movements propelled by tail fins and stabilized by side fins.
Digestive system of reptiles, birds and mammalsRittik Garg
The document summarizes and compares the digestive systems of reptiles, birds, and mammals. Reptiles have teeth on multiple jaw bones and a muscular tongue. Birds lack teeth and have a two-part stomach. Mammals have different types of teeth and specialized salivary glands. While differences exist, the basic components and functions of the digestive tract are similar across these groups, from mouth to anus.
Comparative anatomy & Physiology of Excretion in Invertebrates.pptxSoniaBajaj10
This document discusses and compares the excretory systems of various non-chordate animals. It describes the main excretory organs in groups like protozoa, porifera, coelenterates, platyhelminthes, nemathelminthes, annelids, arthropods, molluscs, and echinodermata.
In protozoa, contractile vacuoles function as excretory organs, removing ammonia and excess water. Porifera rely on water flow through their pores and oscula to excrete waste. Coelenterates use diffusion through their permeable body surfaces. Platyhelminthes and nemathelminthes have protonephridia or flame cells
Teknik sampling plankton meliputi pengambilan sampel secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan jaring plankton dengan ukuran mata jaring yang sesuai. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara horizontal dan vertikal, kemudian sampel dipertahankan dalam formalin untuk analisis lebih lanjut di laboratorium.
Urochordata, also known as tunicates or sea squirts, are a subphylum of chordates that have a notochord only during their larval stage. They are filter feeders that live in aquatic or marine environments and have a u-shaped gut. Most urochordates are hermaphrodites and can reproduce both sexually and asexually through budding. They lack a brain and have a simple nervous system consisting of a nerve cord.
its very Amazing presentation made on amphibians and fishes....it contain very amazing and interesting information about fishes and amphibians....you can download it and enjoy this....stay blessed
Comparative Anatomy of Respiratory System of VertebratesRameshPandi4
The document discusses the comparative anatomy of the respiratory systems of various vertebrates. It describes how respiration occurs through the skin, gills, lungs, and gas bladders in different organisms. It explains key differences in respiratory structures between cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and jawless fishes. Mechanisms of gas exchange are covered for fishes, as well as respiratory organs and processes for amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Vertebrate skeletal systems have three main components: bones, cartilage, and joints. There are two types of bones - compact bone which forms the hard outer shell, and spongy bone found at the ends of long bones. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, and store minerals. They form through two processes - intramembranous ossification where bone develops in membranes, and endochondral ossification where bone forms within cartilage. The vertebral column consists of vertebrae which can be classified based on their structure and location along the body.
Fisheries science involves managing and understanding fisheries resources, including places where fish are captured or cultivated through aquaculture. Globally, world fish production was 130 million tons in 2001, with 37 million from aquaculture and 92 million captured. China leads production at 42 million tons total.
Pakistan has marine fisheries along 100 km of coastline with the Arabian Sea and various fish species. However, its fisheries sector is neglected and contributes only 0.8% to GDP while Pakistanians consume only 1.6 kg of fish per person annually compared to the global average of 16 kg. Approximately 1 million people are involved in fisheries in Pakistan.
The phylum Coelenterata includes mostly marine carnivorous animals that are either fixed or free-floating. They have a simple tissue level organization with two germ layers and radial or biradial symmetry. The body wall has an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis layer separated by a gelatinous mesoglea. They have a gastrovascular cavity called the coelenteron used for digestion and distribution of food. Respiration and excretion occur through diffusion. Nervous system is a loose network and reproduction can be sexual or asexual.
Dokumen ini membahas proses pembuahan pada ikan. Kebanyakan ikan melakukan pembuahan di luar tubuh (fertilisasi eksternal) dimana telur dan sperma dikeluarkan ke air untuk dibuahi. Beberapa jenis ikan melakukan pembuahan didalam tubuh (fertilisasi internal) dimana embrio berkembang di dalam tubuh ikan betina hingga menetas. Ada juga jenis ikan yang menyimpan telur yang telah dibuahi di dalam tubuh sampai
The nervous system in fishes coordinates and integrates body activities. It receives stimuli through sense organs and is composed of a central nervous system of brain and spinal cord, as well as a peripheral nervous system of nerves and neurons. The brain is divided into regions including the prosencephalon, which receives smell, and the mesencephalon, which is associated with vision. The peripheral and autonomic nervous systems work with the central nervous system to control external and internal body functions.
This document summarizes the key characteristics of tunicates (urochordates). It describes their habitat and habits, physical features, organ systems, life cycles, classification, and major orders. Tunicates are exclusively marine animals found around the world in oceans and seas. They can be solitary, colonial, or form aggregates. Their adult bodies are sac-like and lack segments or appendages.
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Geology Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 6000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 12 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, 6 PowerPoint review Game, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus within The Geology Topics Unit: -Plate Tectonics, Evidence for Plate Tectonics, Pangea, Energy Waves, Layers of the Earth, Heat Transfer, Types of Crust, Plate Boundaries, Hot Spots, Volcanoes, Positives and Negatives of Volcanoes, Types of Volcanoes, Parts of a Volcano, Magma, Types of Lava, Viscosity, Earthquakes, Faults, Folds, Seismograph, Richter Scale, Seismograph, Tsunami's, Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Uses of Minerals, Types of Crystals, Physical Properties of Minerals, Rock Cycle, Common Igneous Rocks, Common Sedimentary Rocks, Common Metamorphic Rocks.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
1. DEFINITION
These are the membranes which do not form any part of
the embryo proper but performs various functions which
assist in the development of the embryo . These are
discarded at the time of hatching. These membranes
formed outside the embryo.
2. Types of Extra Embryonic Membranes
Yolk Sac
Amnion
Chorion
Allantois
3.Discussed Their
At Time of ORIGIN
It's FUNCTION
After HATCHING
4. AMNIOTIC CAVITY
............................END......................................................
Introducton and classification chordataSoniaBajaj10
This document provides an overview of the phylum Chordata. It discusses the key defining characteristics of chordates such as the presence of a notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, and tail. It describes the two subdivisions of chordates - Acraniata (protochordates) and Craniata (vertebrates). Within Acraniata, it covers the three subgroups - Hemichordata, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata - outlining their characteristics. Overall, the document serves as an introductory lesson on chordate anatomy and classification.
extra embryonic membranes : amnion chorion allantois and yolk sac ....types o...Veena Dongare
This document summarizes key aspects of extra-embryonic membranes in vertebrate development, including amnion, chorion, allantois, yolk sac, and placenta. It describes the formation and functions of the amnion and chorion from somatic and splanchnic layers. Various placenta types are classified based on implantation site (central, eccentric, interstitial), morphology (diffuse, cotyledonary, zonary, discoidal, intermediate), intimacy with maternal tissues (deciduous, contra-deciduous), and histology (epithelio-chorial, syndesmo-chorial, endothelio-chorial, hemo-
Echinoderms are marine animals with radial or pentaradial symmetry and calcareous endoskeletons. They include sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, crinoids, and feather stars. Echinoderms have unique features like external skeletons, lack of heads, mouths on the underside, and anuses on top. They can regenerate limbs and have both sexual and asexual reproduction, though some like seahorses have male birth. The phylum contains five classes - Asteroidea, Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Ophiuroidea - which differ in body structure,
The document discusses the anatomy of fish scales, including the four main types (placoid, ganoid, cycloid, ctenoid), their structure consisting of layers like enamel and dentin, how they develop and vary between species, and their uses for classification, determining age from growth lines, and counting eggs from erosion marks. Fish scales are keratin structures that cover the skin in two layers (epidermis and dermis) and help protect the fish while also providing information about its biology.
spermatogenesis in fish By Harsh DhimmarHarsh Dhimmar
what is spermatogenesis?; stages of spermatogenesis: process of spermatogenesis; maturation of spermatozoa all things is contributed in this ppt. short and important details is covered.
includes the acanthodians, bony --fishes, and their tetrapod offspring.
Teleostomes give rise to the teleosts (Teleostei).
ACANTHODII “Spiny forms”
The name is derived from the Greek root acantha (Ακανθα), which refers to a spine
Generally small fish but could be as long as 2 meters
Called spiny forms
The first fishes to have jaws
Numerous fins (both in-line and paired), most of which were supported at the anterior end by a large spine.
Basal gnathostomes that shared a suite of characters with the Osteichthyes and the Chondrichthyes (e.g. gills cover by an operculum, placoid-like scales, etc.)
Osteichthyes “bone” and “fish”
Bony Fish
At least some bone in their skeleton and/or scales.
·Operculum-Cover for the gill openings.
Some have lungs·
Lepidotrichia-slender bony rods or “rays”
Swim Bladders to adjust depth in the water. ·
Two classes:
Actinopterygians
Sarcopterygians
Actinopterygii “Ray-finned”
-dominant aquatic vertebrates since the mid-Paleozoic.
Fish Biologists
Chondrosteans
Holosteans
Teleosts
TWO DIVISIONS:
Palaeonisciformes
Neopterygii
Palaeonisciformes “primitive ray- finned fishes”
-Probably the earliest bony fishes.
-Includes living paddlefish,sturgeon and bichir (Africa)
-Marine and FW forms
-Characterized by...
heterocercal tail
The base of each scale was made of bone,the middle of dentin and the surface with an enamel-like substance called ganoine. Hence the name ganoid scales.
primitive forms with lungs to gulp air in oxygen-poor Devonian FW habitats
Neopterygii “advanced ray-finned fishes”
Replaced Palaeonisciformes as dominant fish group in early Mesozoic
Great range of morphologies and inhabit variety of habitats worldwide; trend toward invasion of SW habitats
Loss of ganoine scales and shortening of tail (homocercal tail)
Primitive living Neopterygians include gars and bowfins (former Holosteans)
Most recent group= Teleosts - 20,000 species; represent vast majority of living fishes
Sarcopterygii “fleshy-finned fish”
Second group of bony fishes
fins evolved into tetrapod limbs
Surviving sarcopterygian
lungfishes (dipnoans)-tropical streams
Coelacanths-e deep waters of the Indian Ocean
Choanae- external nostrils opening internally to the mouth through holes
Scale types of bony fishes
Fish tail types
Actinistia (Coelacanths)-first appeared in the Middle Devonian and survived into the Late Mesozoic
Latimeria- deep oceanic shelves of 100–400 meters
braincase - divided by a hingelike joint transversely across the top of the skull
vertebral centra – tiny
notochord is- prominent
swim bladder –doesn't serve in respiration but is filled with fat.
Lobefins-hold and position the fish within feeding currents
Fitoplankton adalah organisme autotrof berukuran mikroskopis yang dapat melakukan fotosintesis. Terdiri dari berbagai jenis alga hijau, cokelat, keemasan, dan merah. Beberapa jenis fitoplankton yang telah dibudidayakan untuk pakan perikanan misalnya Chlorella, Tetraselmis, Scenedesmus, dan Skeletonema costatum.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Mesozoic Era when dinosaurs ruled the Earth. It describes the three periods (Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous), the types of plants and animals that existed during this time, including early dinosaurs. It then focuses on the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, believed to have been caused by an asteroid impact. The impact would have caused global climate changes through atmospheric effects that disrupted ecosystems and food chains.
Fish are the gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups.
This document discusses the different types of scales found in fish. It defines fish scales as small, rigid plates that grow out of the skin. Scales come in various types depending on the fish, including cosmoid, ganoid, placoid, cycloid, and ctenoid scales. Each scale type has a distinct structure and provides different functions like protection from predators or parasites and aiding movement. Some fish lack scales and instead have alternatives like tough skin, bony plates, or prickles for protection. In summary, the document outlines the definition, functions, and major types of scales present in different groups of fish.
its very Amazing presentation made on amphibians and fishes....it contain very amazing and interesting information about fishes and amphibians....you can download it and enjoy this....stay blessed
Comparative Anatomy of Respiratory System of VertebratesRameshPandi4
The document discusses the comparative anatomy of the respiratory systems of various vertebrates. It describes how respiration occurs through the skin, gills, lungs, and gas bladders in different organisms. It explains key differences in respiratory structures between cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and jawless fishes. Mechanisms of gas exchange are covered for fishes, as well as respiratory organs and processes for amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Vertebrate skeletal systems have three main components: bones, cartilage, and joints. There are two types of bones - compact bone which forms the hard outer shell, and spongy bone found at the ends of long bones. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, and store minerals. They form through two processes - intramembranous ossification where bone develops in membranes, and endochondral ossification where bone forms within cartilage. The vertebral column consists of vertebrae which can be classified based on their structure and location along the body.
Fisheries science involves managing and understanding fisheries resources, including places where fish are captured or cultivated through aquaculture. Globally, world fish production was 130 million tons in 2001, with 37 million from aquaculture and 92 million captured. China leads production at 42 million tons total.
Pakistan has marine fisheries along 100 km of coastline with the Arabian Sea and various fish species. However, its fisheries sector is neglected and contributes only 0.8% to GDP while Pakistanians consume only 1.6 kg of fish per person annually compared to the global average of 16 kg. Approximately 1 million people are involved in fisheries in Pakistan.
The phylum Coelenterata includes mostly marine carnivorous animals that are either fixed or free-floating. They have a simple tissue level organization with two germ layers and radial or biradial symmetry. The body wall has an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis layer separated by a gelatinous mesoglea. They have a gastrovascular cavity called the coelenteron used for digestion and distribution of food. Respiration and excretion occur through diffusion. Nervous system is a loose network and reproduction can be sexual or asexual.
Dokumen ini membahas proses pembuahan pada ikan. Kebanyakan ikan melakukan pembuahan di luar tubuh (fertilisasi eksternal) dimana telur dan sperma dikeluarkan ke air untuk dibuahi. Beberapa jenis ikan melakukan pembuahan didalam tubuh (fertilisasi internal) dimana embrio berkembang di dalam tubuh ikan betina hingga menetas. Ada juga jenis ikan yang menyimpan telur yang telah dibuahi di dalam tubuh sampai
The nervous system in fishes coordinates and integrates body activities. It receives stimuli through sense organs and is composed of a central nervous system of brain and spinal cord, as well as a peripheral nervous system of nerves and neurons. The brain is divided into regions including the prosencephalon, which receives smell, and the mesencephalon, which is associated with vision. The peripheral and autonomic nervous systems work with the central nervous system to control external and internal body functions.
This document summarizes the key characteristics of tunicates (urochordates). It describes their habitat and habits, physical features, organ systems, life cycles, classification, and major orders. Tunicates are exclusively marine animals found around the world in oceans and seas. They can be solitary, colonial, or form aggregates. Their adult bodies are sac-like and lack segments or appendages.
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Geology Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 6000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 12 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, 6 PowerPoint review Game, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus within The Geology Topics Unit: -Plate Tectonics, Evidence for Plate Tectonics, Pangea, Energy Waves, Layers of the Earth, Heat Transfer, Types of Crust, Plate Boundaries, Hot Spots, Volcanoes, Positives and Negatives of Volcanoes, Types of Volcanoes, Parts of a Volcano, Magma, Types of Lava, Viscosity, Earthquakes, Faults, Folds, Seismograph, Richter Scale, Seismograph, Tsunami's, Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Uses of Minerals, Types of Crystals, Physical Properties of Minerals, Rock Cycle, Common Igneous Rocks, Common Sedimentary Rocks, Common Metamorphic Rocks.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
1. DEFINITION
These are the membranes which do not form any part of
the embryo proper but performs various functions which
assist in the development of the embryo . These are
discarded at the time of hatching. These membranes
formed outside the embryo.
2. Types of Extra Embryonic Membranes
Yolk Sac
Amnion
Chorion
Allantois
3.Discussed Their
At Time of ORIGIN
It's FUNCTION
After HATCHING
4. AMNIOTIC CAVITY
............................END......................................................
Introducton and classification chordataSoniaBajaj10
This document provides an overview of the phylum Chordata. It discusses the key defining characteristics of chordates such as the presence of a notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, and tail. It describes the two subdivisions of chordates - Acraniata (protochordates) and Craniata (vertebrates). Within Acraniata, it covers the three subgroups - Hemichordata, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata - outlining their characteristics. Overall, the document serves as an introductory lesson on chordate anatomy and classification.
extra embryonic membranes : amnion chorion allantois and yolk sac ....types o...Veena Dongare
This document summarizes key aspects of extra-embryonic membranes in vertebrate development, including amnion, chorion, allantois, yolk sac, and placenta. It describes the formation and functions of the amnion and chorion from somatic and splanchnic layers. Various placenta types are classified based on implantation site (central, eccentric, interstitial), morphology (diffuse, cotyledonary, zonary, discoidal, intermediate), intimacy with maternal tissues (deciduous, contra-deciduous), and histology (epithelio-chorial, syndesmo-chorial, endothelio-chorial, hemo-
Echinoderms are marine animals with radial or pentaradial symmetry and calcareous endoskeletons. They include sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, crinoids, and feather stars. Echinoderms have unique features like external skeletons, lack of heads, mouths on the underside, and anuses on top. They can regenerate limbs and have both sexual and asexual reproduction, though some like seahorses have male birth. The phylum contains five classes - Asteroidea, Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Ophiuroidea - which differ in body structure,
The document discusses the anatomy of fish scales, including the four main types (placoid, ganoid, cycloid, ctenoid), their structure consisting of layers like enamel and dentin, how they develop and vary between species, and their uses for classification, determining age from growth lines, and counting eggs from erosion marks. Fish scales are keratin structures that cover the skin in two layers (epidermis and dermis) and help protect the fish while also providing information about its biology.
spermatogenesis in fish By Harsh DhimmarHarsh Dhimmar
what is spermatogenesis?; stages of spermatogenesis: process of spermatogenesis; maturation of spermatozoa all things is contributed in this ppt. short and important details is covered.
includes the acanthodians, bony --fishes, and their tetrapod offspring.
Teleostomes give rise to the teleosts (Teleostei).
ACANTHODII “Spiny forms”
The name is derived from the Greek root acantha (Ακανθα), which refers to a spine
Generally small fish but could be as long as 2 meters
Called spiny forms
The first fishes to have jaws
Numerous fins (both in-line and paired), most of which were supported at the anterior end by a large spine.
Basal gnathostomes that shared a suite of characters with the Osteichthyes and the Chondrichthyes (e.g. gills cover by an operculum, placoid-like scales, etc.)
Osteichthyes “bone” and “fish”
Bony Fish
At least some bone in their skeleton and/or scales.
·Operculum-Cover for the gill openings.
Some have lungs·
Lepidotrichia-slender bony rods or “rays”
Swim Bladders to adjust depth in the water. ·
Two classes:
Actinopterygians
Sarcopterygians
Actinopterygii “Ray-finned”
-dominant aquatic vertebrates since the mid-Paleozoic.
Fish Biologists
Chondrosteans
Holosteans
Teleosts
TWO DIVISIONS:
Palaeonisciformes
Neopterygii
Palaeonisciformes “primitive ray- finned fishes”
-Probably the earliest bony fishes.
-Includes living paddlefish,sturgeon and bichir (Africa)
-Marine and FW forms
-Characterized by...
heterocercal tail
The base of each scale was made of bone,the middle of dentin and the surface with an enamel-like substance called ganoine. Hence the name ganoid scales.
primitive forms with lungs to gulp air in oxygen-poor Devonian FW habitats
Neopterygii “advanced ray-finned fishes”
Replaced Palaeonisciformes as dominant fish group in early Mesozoic
Great range of morphologies and inhabit variety of habitats worldwide; trend toward invasion of SW habitats
Loss of ganoine scales and shortening of tail (homocercal tail)
Primitive living Neopterygians include gars and bowfins (former Holosteans)
Most recent group= Teleosts - 20,000 species; represent vast majority of living fishes
Sarcopterygii “fleshy-finned fish”
Second group of bony fishes
fins evolved into tetrapod limbs
Surviving sarcopterygian
lungfishes (dipnoans)-tropical streams
Coelacanths-e deep waters of the Indian Ocean
Choanae- external nostrils opening internally to the mouth through holes
Scale types of bony fishes
Fish tail types
Actinistia (Coelacanths)-first appeared in the Middle Devonian and survived into the Late Mesozoic
Latimeria- deep oceanic shelves of 100–400 meters
braincase - divided by a hingelike joint transversely across the top of the skull
vertebral centra – tiny
notochord is- prominent
swim bladder –doesn't serve in respiration but is filled with fat.
Lobefins-hold and position the fish within feeding currents
Fitoplankton adalah organisme autotrof berukuran mikroskopis yang dapat melakukan fotosintesis. Terdiri dari berbagai jenis alga hijau, cokelat, keemasan, dan merah. Beberapa jenis fitoplankton yang telah dibudidayakan untuk pakan perikanan misalnya Chlorella, Tetraselmis, Scenedesmus, dan Skeletonema costatum.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Mesozoic Era when dinosaurs ruled the Earth. It describes the three periods (Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous), the types of plants and animals that existed during this time, including early dinosaurs. It then focuses on the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, believed to have been caused by an asteroid impact. The impact would have caused global climate changes through atmospheric effects that disrupted ecosystems and food chains.
Fish are the gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups.
This document discusses the different types of scales found in fish. It defines fish scales as small, rigid plates that grow out of the skin. Scales come in various types depending on the fish, including cosmoid, ganoid, placoid, cycloid, and ctenoid scales. Each scale type has a distinct structure and provides different functions like protection from predators or parasites and aiding movement. Some fish lack scales and instead have alternatives like tough skin, bony plates, or prickles for protection. In summary, the document outlines the definition, functions, and major types of scales present in different groups of fish.
Many of these images are from Salt Point on the California Coast, and Shore Acres State Park in Oregon. The salt in the ocean water crystallizes and forms intricate shapes in the rocks.
This document discusses search engine optimization (SEO) and provides an overview of on-page SEO, off-page SEO, and crawl health. It explains that SEO is the process of improving website visibility in organic search results. The key areas covered are on-page elements like titles, descriptions, and structure; off-page factors like link relevance and profiles; and ensuring websites load quickly and have no broken links. Tools are recommended for auditing each of these technical SEO components.
Sand Vision, an exploration of abstract sand artTom O Scott
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
S.Gautham- Design Executive- Curriculum VitaeGautham S
Presently working as a "Design Engineer in Research and Development" and BE-Mechanical Engineering with sound knowledge 3D- Modelling in Croe2.0 & 2D modelling in AutoCAD, Production Planning & Control, Documentation & Design & Production Technology
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over several decades. Early research focused on symbolic approaches using rules and logic but progress was slow. More recently, machine learning techniques such as deep learning have seen increasing success by learning from large amounts of data without being explicitly programmed. These new approaches have achieved human-level performance on some tasks but full human-level AI remains an ongoing challenge.
Обстоятельства круто изменили судьбу героев «Замка на стыке миров» и «Планеты легенды». Вы думали, Ад не существует?! Или, в худшем случае, это место наказания, созданное Богом? Ян и Марк тоже считали так, но жизнь оказалась удивительнее и сложнее, кто мог подумать, что светлый божественный дар творения породит такую мрачную реальность. Сколько кругов придется пройти, сражаясь и решая трудные задачи…
1. Контрольный диктант в 6 классе
С вечера разыгралась метель. Прошумела она, и волшебно преобразился лес.
Слепят глаза блестящие на солнце сугробы. Заколдовала зима
молчаливого богатыря в хвойной кольчуге. Грузные ветки елей под
тяжестью снега почти касаются земли. Синичка сядет, а ветка не дрогнет.
Под березками приютились крохотные елочки. В причудливый наряд
одела метель молодую поросль. Отхолодныхлучей солнца загорается на них
снежное покрывало. Как хороши они теперь!
Вьюга посеребрила пышные прически преогромных сосен. На их
макушках примостились пышныеснежные шапки. Под соснамизмеится след
лукавой лисицы.
Вечером в чащобе хмурятся хвойные потемки. Таинственный сумрак
окутывает даль. Во мраке безлунных ночей только и видишь одни березы в
темном лесу. Трудно отыскать здесь тропинку или даже дорогу. (111 слов)
(На основе книги Д. Зуева «Времена года»)
1. Выполнить синтаксическийразбор предложения:Прошумела она, и
волшебно преобразился лес.
2. Выполнить морфологический разбор имени существительного
кольчуге.
2. Контрольный диктант в 6 классе
Сокровища пирамид
На западе Ливийской пустыни в Египте есть удивительные горы. Они
словно вырастают из песков и поражают своими размерами и строгостью
очертаний.4 Эти горы из камня — гробницы царей Египта. Трудно
представить, что их сложили люди своими руками.
Самая большая гробница — пирамида Хеопса. Её строили больше
двадцати лет.
Раскопки говорят о неслыханной ценности сокровищ, которые таились в
царских могилах. Они хранились в особом помещении. Египтяне верили,
что они сопровождают царя в его загробной жизни.
В пирамиде возводились ложные галереи, переходы, чтобы грабители не
могли найти сокровищ. Человек мог бродить по галерее часами, но так и
не достигал зала с саркофагом владыки.4 Ещё в древности почти все
пирамиды разграбили.
(Из книги А. Нейхардт, И. Шишовой «Семь чудес света».)
(107 слов.)
Грамматическое задание
1. Произведитесинтаксическийразбор предложения:Человек мог бродить
по галерее часами, но так и не достигал зала с саркофагом владыки.4 (1
вариант);
Они словно вырастают из песков и поражают своими размерами и
строгостью очертаний.4 (2 вариант).
2. Выполните морфемный разбор слое: царских, разграбили, переходы (1
вариант); загробной, хранились, ценности (2 вариант).
3. Диктант 6 класс.
Орфография
Утром.
Утром в низинах расстилался туман. Но вот из-за горизонта
появляются солнце, и его лучи съедают серую пелену тумана.
Солнце поднимается выше и разбрасывает свои лучи по необъятным
полям желтой пшеницы верхушкам далекого леса.
На расстоянии километра от леса замечаешь блестящую на солнце
поверхность озера. В неё впадает извилистая речонка. Мы направляемся
к ней.
На берегу растут густые заросли малины. Забираешься в неё и с
наслаждением наешься пахучих ягод.
Другой берег реки покрыт камышом. Легкий ветерок слегка колышет
его. Со стебля на стебель перелетают стрекозы. На лилии устроилась
бабочка. В медленном течении реки шевелятся водоросли. Ложишься на
спину, смотришь в небо. В бескрайней вышине его заливаются
жаворонки. Слушаешь их песню и замираешь от восторга.
Дополнительные задания.
1. Произведите синтаксический разбор 1 предложения 6 абзаца.
2. Разберите по составу слова: речонка, впадает.
