The Five (5) Kingdom system of classification in a side show. Ideal resource for teachers of classes 9 & 11 in India. Makes it easier for teachers to teach and students to understand.
5 kingdom classification | Whittaker classificationSubrata Das
Youtube video Link: https://youtu.be/7AgJpLvAv6Q
Five kingdom classification
-R.H. Whittaker in 1969
1. Monera— Kingdom of Prokaryotes
2. Protista— Kingdom of Unicellular Eukaryotes
3. Fungi— Kingdom of Multicellular Decomposers
4. Plantae — Kingdom of Multicellular Producers
5. Animalia — Kingdom of Multicellular Consumers
Criteria for classification
Complexity of cell structure- prokaryote, eukaryote
Complexity of organisms- unicellular, multicellular
Mode of nutrition- photo-autotrophy (in plantae), absorptive heterotrophy or saprophytic (in fungi) and ingestive heterotrophy (in animalia).
Ecological Lifestyle- Producers(plants), consumers( animals), decomposers(fungi)
Phylogenetic relationships- prokaryote to eukaryote, unicellular to multicellular
Advantages of Five Kingdom Classification
1. Separation of prokaryotes in a separate kingdom of Monera as prokaryotes differ from all other organisms in their genetic, cellular, reproductive and physiological organization.
2. Fungi have never been related to plants. They have their own biochemical, physiological and structural organization. Separation of fungi into a separate kingdom was another advantage.
Drawbacks of Five Kingdom Classification
Viruses have not been included in this system of classification.
Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in structure, composition and physiology.
protista has so many diversities that it is difficult to keep them together. For example, protista contain both walled and wall-less organisms, photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms, unicellular and filamentous or mycelial organisms.
Unicellular algae are kept in kingdom Protista, whereas algae like multicelluar organisms are ketp in kingdom Plantae. But similar organisms must be put together.
The Five (5) Kingdom system of classification in a side show. Ideal resource for teachers of classes 9 & 11 in India. Makes it easier for teachers to teach and students to understand.
5 kingdom classification | Whittaker classificationSubrata Das
Youtube video Link: https://youtu.be/7AgJpLvAv6Q
Five kingdom classification
-R.H. Whittaker in 1969
1. Monera— Kingdom of Prokaryotes
2. Protista— Kingdom of Unicellular Eukaryotes
3. Fungi— Kingdom of Multicellular Decomposers
4. Plantae — Kingdom of Multicellular Producers
5. Animalia — Kingdom of Multicellular Consumers
Criteria for classification
Complexity of cell structure- prokaryote, eukaryote
Complexity of organisms- unicellular, multicellular
Mode of nutrition- photo-autotrophy (in plantae), absorptive heterotrophy or saprophytic (in fungi) and ingestive heterotrophy (in animalia).
Ecological Lifestyle- Producers(plants), consumers( animals), decomposers(fungi)
Phylogenetic relationships- prokaryote to eukaryote, unicellular to multicellular
Advantages of Five Kingdom Classification
1. Separation of prokaryotes in a separate kingdom of Monera as prokaryotes differ from all other organisms in their genetic, cellular, reproductive and physiological organization.
2. Fungi have never been related to plants. They have their own biochemical, physiological and structural organization. Separation of fungi into a separate kingdom was another advantage.
Drawbacks of Five Kingdom Classification
Viruses have not been included in this system of classification.
Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in structure, composition and physiology.
protista has so many diversities that it is difficult to keep them together. For example, protista contain both walled and wall-less organisms, photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms, unicellular and filamentous or mycelial organisms.
Unicellular algae are kept in kingdom Protista, whereas algae like multicelluar organisms are ketp in kingdom Plantae. But similar organisms must be put together.
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION - FIVE KINGDOMS - VIRUS & VIROIDS.Sruthy Chandran
1. KINGDOM MONERA
Unicellular and Prokaryotic.
True nucleus is absent.
Monerans are mainly Bacterias.
Mostly have a rigid cell wall.
Microscopic organisms.
Have various modes of nutrition, could be Autotrophic(make their own food)or Heterotrophic(depending on other organisms for food).
Have two Major groups:-
1. Eubacteria(true bacteria).It includes bacteria and cynobacteia.
2.Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria).
2.KINGDOM PROTISTA
Unicellular and Eukaryotic.
True nucleus is Present.
Protista are mainly Protozoans.
Microscopic organisms.
Have various modes of nutrition, could be Autotrophic(make their own food) or Hetetopic(depending on other organisms for food).
3.KINGDOM FUNGI
Mainly have Multicellular body with the exception of yeast which is unicellular fungi.
True nucleus is Present.
Their cell wall is made up of chitin ( a tough complex sugar ).
Their body is in the form of interwoven mass of fine thread like structures called Mycelium (a bunch of fine thread structures are called Mycelium).
The particular or individual thread structure is called Hyphae.
They have saprophytic nutrition i.e. live on the dead and decaying matter. Hence they are also called Saprophytes.
4.KINGDOM PLANTAE
Eukaryotic.
Multicellular.
Complex body structures; specialised cells, tissues, organs.
Autotrophic (photosynthesis).
Cells have wall made of cellulose.
Have a complex life cycle with a sexually reproducing adult stage and an asexually reproducing adult stage.
5.KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Eukaryotic.
Multicellular .
Complex body structures; specialised cells, tissues, organs.
Heterotrophic; most have a gut (digestive system).
Cells lack cell walls.
Most are motile.
Have a nervous system.
Embryo has a stage at which it is a hollow ball of cells (the blastula).
VIRUS
Quite small, 20-300 nm.
Obligate intracellular parasite.
Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea.
Non living structures.
Contain a protein coat called the capsid.
Have a nucleic acid core containing DNA or RNA.
Capable of reproducing only when inside a HOST cell.
A virus is a noncellular particle made up of genetic material (DNA) and protein that can invade living cells.
VIROIDS
Mostly plant pathogens.
Consists solely of small single- stranded circular RNA molecule having 250-370 nucleotides long.
The RNA of a viriod doesn’t encode any gene products; so they can’t replicate themselves.
No protein coat.
A VIROID is a… VIR(virus)OID(like) particle.
Are infectious particles.
Cause certain plant and human diseases.
Consists only of Nucleic Acid (RNA) .
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION - FIVE KINGDOMS - VIRUS & VIROIDS.Sruthy Chandran
1. KINGDOM MONERA
Unicellular and Prokaryotic.
True nucleus is absent.
Monerans are mainly Bacterias.
Mostly have a rigid cell wall.
Microscopic organisms.
Have various modes of nutrition, could be Autotrophic(make their own food)or Heterotrophic(depending on other organisms for food).
Have two Major groups:-
1. Eubacteria(true bacteria).It includes bacteria and cynobacteia.
2.Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria).
2.KINGDOM PROTISTA
Unicellular and Eukaryotic.
True nucleus is Present.
Protista are mainly Protozoans.
Microscopic organisms.
Have various modes of nutrition, could be Autotrophic(make their own food) or Hetetopic(depending on other organisms for food).
3.KINGDOM FUNGI
Mainly have Multicellular body with the exception of yeast which is unicellular fungi.
True nucleus is Present.
Their cell wall is made up of chitin ( a tough complex sugar ).
Their body is in the form of interwoven mass of fine thread like structures called Mycelium (a bunch of fine thread structures are called Mycelium).
The particular or individual thread structure is called Hyphae.
They have saprophytic nutrition i.e. live on the dead and decaying matter. Hence they are also called Saprophytes.
4.KINGDOM PLANTAE
Eukaryotic.
Multicellular.
Complex body structures; specialised cells, tissues, organs.
Autotrophic (photosynthesis).
Cells have wall made of cellulose.
Have a complex life cycle with a sexually reproducing adult stage and an asexually reproducing adult stage.
5.KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Eukaryotic.
Multicellular .
Complex body structures; specialised cells, tissues, organs.
Heterotrophic; most have a gut (digestive system).
Cells lack cell walls.
Most are motile.
Have a nervous system.
Embryo has a stage at which it is a hollow ball of cells (the blastula).
VIRUS
Quite small, 20-300 nm.
Obligate intracellular parasite.
Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea.
Non living structures.
Contain a protein coat called the capsid.
Have a nucleic acid core containing DNA or RNA.
Capable of reproducing only when inside a HOST cell.
A virus is a noncellular particle made up of genetic material (DNA) and protein that can invade living cells.
VIROIDS
Mostly plant pathogens.
Consists solely of small single- stranded circular RNA molecule having 250-370 nucleotides long.
The RNA of a viriod doesn’t encode any gene products; so they can’t replicate themselves.
No protein coat.
A VIROID is a… VIR(virus)OID(like) particle.
Are infectious particles.
Cause certain plant and human diseases.
Consists only of Nucleic Acid (RNA) .
Austin Journal of Nutrition and Food sciences is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of nutrition and food sciences.
3.3 history of classification Biology - Class 9 - FBISE Islamabad PakistanSyed Abdullah Gilani
History of Classification from Textbook of Biology for Class 9 students, from Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE), Islamabad, Pakistan is explained.
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Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
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Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
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2. Complexity of cell structure- prokaryote, eukaryote
Complexity of organisms- unicellular, multicellular
Mode of nutrition- photo-autotrophy (in plantae),
absorptive heterotrophy or saprophytic (in fungi) and
ingestive heterotrophy (in animalia).
Ecological Lifestyle- Producers(plants), consumers
( animals), decomposers(fungi)
Phylogenetic relationships- prokaryote to
eukaryote, unicellular to multicellular
Many biologist accept classification of microorganism
proposed by R.H. Whittaker . He place all living things
except virus into 5 classes depend on following
3.
4. Monera e.g. Bacteria Cyanobacteria
Protista - UnicellularEukaryotes e.g. microalgea
Fungi— Kingdom of MulticellularDecomposers (utilize nutrients by
absorption)
Plantae — Kingdom of Multicellular Producers (utilize nutrients by
photosynthesis)
Animalia — Kingdom of Multicellular Consumers (utilize nutrients by
ingestion)