The document discusses medicinal plants that are indigenous to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It provides definitions of medicinal plants and discusses their mentions in the Quran and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. It then lists several important medicinal plants found in the region, the parts used, and their approximate annual yields. Some key medicinal plants discussed are cinnamon, turmeric, basil, clove, cumin, fennel, mint, oregano, and parsley. The document also covers the importance and uses of medicinal plants, as well as issues related to their cultivation and conservation in Pakistan.
This document provides information on the medicinal uses of several plants that are commonly found in India. It discusses 8 plants - Adhatoda Vasica, Ocimum Sanctum, Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis, Mangifera Indica, Azadirachta Indica, Solanum Trilobatum, Phyllanthus Niruri, and Curcuma Longa. For each plant, it provides their family name, other names in languages like Hindi and Tamil, parts of the plant used for medicine, and their medicinal properties and uses to treat various diseases.
Processing and value addition of medicinal and herbal cropsRamabhau Patil
Madhya Pradesh is a major producer of medicinal and herbal crops in India, cultivating over 40% of the country's supply. The state has potential to become a processing hub through establishing facilities and technologies for extraction, drying, size reduction, and producing value-added products from crops. Key recommendations include developing appropriate processing technologies adaptable to rural areas, strengthening R&D institutes with pilot plants, and establishing agro processing centers with custom processing facilities to improve post-harvest handling and increase incomes for tribal collectors.
The document discusses various plant propagation methods including sexual propagation, asexual or vegetative propagation, and their advantages. It provides details on specific vegetative propagation techniques like cuttings, grafting, layering, budding and tissue culture. Cuttings are divided into types like hardwood, semi-hardwood, softwood and herbaceous cuttings. Grafting methods include splice grafting, whip grafting, cleft grafting and others. Layering includes simple, compound, trench and other types. The document also lists suitable plant examples for each technique and provides instructions on performing the techniques.
The document discusses how promoting the cultivation of medicinal plants can help double farmer's incomes in India. It notes rising global demand for herbal products presents an opportunity. Key points made include: (1) Medicinal plant cultivation can utilize marginal lands and provide stable incomes compared to crops like bajra; (2) Government schemes support medicinal plant nurseries and cultivation; (3) Research institutes are involved in development of medicinal plant cultivation. In conclusion, the untapped market potential offers opportunities for farmers to generate income through medicinal plant farming.
Rawolfia serpentina indian snake root ppt y.vaniKatta Vani
Rauvolfia serpentina, also known as Indian snakeroot or black snakeroot, is an evergreen plant that has been used in Indian medicine for over 4,000 years. It contains several chemical compounds including reserpine, serpentine, and ajmalacin. Sarpagandha has traditionally been used to treat high blood pressure, insomnia, hypertension, skin disorders, and some gynecological issues. However, it can have dangerous side effects and may increase cancer cells, so it is important to only take it under strict medical supervision.
Medicinal plants are considered as a rich resources of ingredients which can be used in drug development. More than 30% of the entire plant species, at one time or other were used for medicinal purposes. It has been estimated that in developed countries like United States, plant drugs constitute as much as 25% of the total drugs, while in fast developing countries like India and China the contribution is as much as 80%. These countries provide two third of the plants used in modern system of medicine and the health care system of rural population depend on indigenous systems of medicine. Most of the drugs are considered very safe as there is no or minimal side effects.
This document discusses the field of ethnobotany, which is the study of relationships between plants and humans in particular cultures. It examines how ethnobotanists explore how different peoples use plants for food, shelter, medicine, clothing, and religious ceremonies. Some key figures in the development of ethnobotany are mentioned, such as John Harshberger who coined the term. Different branches of ethnobotany are also outlined. The document emphasizes that ethnobotany requires both botanical and anthropological training to understand cultural plant concepts. Examples of some medicinal plants from South America and India are provided, and the significance of medicinal plants for developing new drugs and protecting human and environmental health is discussed.
This document provides information on the medicinal uses of several plants that are commonly found in India. It discusses 8 plants - Adhatoda Vasica, Ocimum Sanctum, Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis, Mangifera Indica, Azadirachta Indica, Solanum Trilobatum, Phyllanthus Niruri, and Curcuma Longa. For each plant, it provides their family name, other names in languages like Hindi and Tamil, parts of the plant used for medicine, and their medicinal properties and uses to treat various diseases.
Processing and value addition of medicinal and herbal cropsRamabhau Patil
Madhya Pradesh is a major producer of medicinal and herbal crops in India, cultivating over 40% of the country's supply. The state has potential to become a processing hub through establishing facilities and technologies for extraction, drying, size reduction, and producing value-added products from crops. Key recommendations include developing appropriate processing technologies adaptable to rural areas, strengthening R&D institutes with pilot plants, and establishing agro processing centers with custom processing facilities to improve post-harvest handling and increase incomes for tribal collectors.
The document discusses various plant propagation methods including sexual propagation, asexual or vegetative propagation, and their advantages. It provides details on specific vegetative propagation techniques like cuttings, grafting, layering, budding and tissue culture. Cuttings are divided into types like hardwood, semi-hardwood, softwood and herbaceous cuttings. Grafting methods include splice grafting, whip grafting, cleft grafting and others. Layering includes simple, compound, trench and other types. The document also lists suitable plant examples for each technique and provides instructions on performing the techniques.
The document discusses how promoting the cultivation of medicinal plants can help double farmer's incomes in India. It notes rising global demand for herbal products presents an opportunity. Key points made include: (1) Medicinal plant cultivation can utilize marginal lands and provide stable incomes compared to crops like bajra; (2) Government schemes support medicinal plant nurseries and cultivation; (3) Research institutes are involved in development of medicinal plant cultivation. In conclusion, the untapped market potential offers opportunities for farmers to generate income through medicinal plant farming.
Rawolfia serpentina indian snake root ppt y.vaniKatta Vani
Rauvolfia serpentina, also known as Indian snakeroot or black snakeroot, is an evergreen plant that has been used in Indian medicine for over 4,000 years. It contains several chemical compounds including reserpine, serpentine, and ajmalacin. Sarpagandha has traditionally been used to treat high blood pressure, insomnia, hypertension, skin disorders, and some gynecological issues. However, it can have dangerous side effects and may increase cancer cells, so it is important to only take it under strict medical supervision.
Medicinal plants are considered as a rich resources of ingredients which can be used in drug development. More than 30% of the entire plant species, at one time or other were used for medicinal purposes. It has been estimated that in developed countries like United States, plant drugs constitute as much as 25% of the total drugs, while in fast developing countries like India and China the contribution is as much as 80%. These countries provide two third of the plants used in modern system of medicine and the health care system of rural population depend on indigenous systems of medicine. Most of the drugs are considered very safe as there is no or minimal side effects.
This document discusses the field of ethnobotany, which is the study of relationships between plants and humans in particular cultures. It examines how ethnobotanists explore how different peoples use plants for food, shelter, medicine, clothing, and religious ceremonies. Some key figures in the development of ethnobotany are mentioned, such as John Harshberger who coined the term. Different branches of ethnobotany are also outlined. The document emphasizes that ethnobotany requires both botanical and anthropological training to understand cultural plant concepts. Examples of some medicinal plants from South America and India are provided, and the significance of medicinal plants for developing new drugs and protecting human and environmental health is discussed.
Major firewood and timber yielding plantsram krishan
The document summarizes several major firewood and timber yielding plants found in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It provides the botanical name, common name, family, description, and uses for 18 different plants. Some of the key species discussed include Tectona grandis (teak), used widely for furniture making; Dalbergia sisso (Indian rosewood) used for construction, musical instruments and furniture; and Shorea robusta (sal tree) which provides a hard and durable wood used locally as a fuel source.
Stomata are small pores found on plant leaves that allow for gas exchange and transpiration. They consist of three parts: the pore, guard cells, and sometimes subsidiary cells. The pore allows for gas exchange and transpiration. Guard cells are specialized cells that surround the pore and control opening and closing. Subsidiary cells are associated with guard cells and help their function. There are four basic types of dicot stomata defined by Metcalfe and Chalk based on subsidiary cell arrangement: anomocytic (Ranunculaceae), anisocytic (Cruciferae), paracytic (Rubiaceae), and diacytic (Caryophyllaceae). Stomata types and arrangements vary
The document discusses strategies for conserving medicinal plants, which include both in-situ conservation of plants in their natural habitats as well as ex-situ conservation methods like gene banks, herbal gardens, and nurseries. It outlines threats to medicinal plants from habitat loss and overharvesting and the need to protect endangered species. Various national and international agencies have formulated policies aimed at sustainably using plant resources while preserving biodiversity and supporting traditional knowledge.
Ashwagandha is a plant from the Solanaceae family that is used in Ayurvedic medicine. It grows as a short shrub and its long, brown, tuberous roots are used for medicinal purposes. Ashwagandha is cultivated in drier regions of India and can tolerate temperatures from 20 to 38°C. Traditionally, it has been used to treat tumors, tuberculosis, and anxiety and research suggests it may help reduce cholesterol and improve sperm quality. Potential side effects include stomach upset, diarrhea, vomiting, and lowered blood pressure.
Stomata are small openings on plant leaves and young stems that allow for gas exchange with the atmosphere. Each stoma is surrounded by a pair of kidney-shaped guard cells that control the opening and closing of the pore. There are several types of stomata defined by the number and arrangement of neighboring subsidiary cells. The document discusses the definition, distribution, size, positioning and six main types (anomocytic, anisocytic, paracytic, diacytic, gramineous, and coniferous) of stomata found across plant species.
Archaeological evidence shows that herbal medicine dates back 60,000 years to the Paleolithic age. Some of the earliest written records of herbal medicine include a 5000-year-old Sumerian clay slab mentioning 250 plants and Egypt's Ebers Papyrus from 1550 BC describing over 700 plant-based compounds. Ancient Greek, Chinese, Indian, and Arab cultures also documented medicinal plants in early herbals and texts, with the Sushruta Samhita from 6th century BC India describing 700 medicinal plants. Throughout history, monasteries, physicians, and civilizations identified healing properties of plants and passed this knowledge between societies, upgrading old uses and discovering new ones to develop herbal medicine
The Combretaceae family includes about 530 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas within 10 genera found in subtropical and tropical regions. Some members produce useful timber. The family is characterized by pentamerous flowers with 4-5 sepals and stamens in two series of 4, 5, 8 or 10. The fruit is a leathery, one-seeded drupe. Combretum indicum is a creeping sub-scandent shrub cultivated for its sweet-scented flowers. It has opposite leaves and pentamerous flowers with 10 free stamens in two whorls. The Combretaceae have economic importance as a food source, medicine, gum, timber,
Clove is the dried flower bud of Eugenia caryophyllus, a tree native to Indonesia and cultivated in India. The ideal climate is a cooler, humid tropical region with well-distributed rainfall. Cloves contain 15-20% volatile clove oil, which is composed mainly of eugenol. Cloves are harvested by hand when buds are plump but unopened, then dried. Cloves are used as a spice and for flavoring, and clove oil is used commercially to produce vanillin and as an antiseptic. Potential adulterants include clove stalks, exhausted cloves with low oil content, and blown clove flowers.
The document discusses the root-stem transition zone in plants. It begins by explaining that the root has a radial vascular structure while the stem has a conjoint structure, so there must be a region where these structures merge. This region is called the root-stem transition zone. The document then describes four types of root-stem transitions (Fumaria, Cucurbita, Lathyrus, and Anemarrhena) which differ in how the xylem and phloem structures divide and rearrange as they transition from root to stem. Finally, it notes that the transition zone represents a different internal arrangement than the root or stem and reflects different evolutionary stages in the development of the vascular system.
This document discusses several herbal plants used in Ayurvedic medicine, including ashwagandha and aloe vera. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a plant in the Solanaceae family cultivated in India and Nepal that is used for its roots in Ayurvedic medicine. Its main chemical constituents are alkaloids and steroidal lactones. Traditionally, its roots and leaves are used to treat various symptoms and conditions. Aloe vera is a succulent plant originating in Africa that is widely used in cosmetics and alternative medicine, though evidence of its effectiveness is limited. It is used externally for its soothing properties and internally as a laxative, though high
APPLICATIONS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE SMGsajigeorge64
A brief account of Applications of Plant tissue culture - Micropropagation, Meristem culture, Synthetic seeds, Embryo culture, In vitro mutagenesis, In vitro production of secondary metabolites
The peepal tree is considered sacred in Hinduism and has been worshipped since ancient times. It is native to India and thrives in hot, humid weather, preferring full sunlight and loam soil. The peepal tree has many uses - its bark produces tannin for leather treatment, its leaves can heal wounds when heated in ghee, and research shows it is effective for mitigating various types of pollution by absorbing moisture and regulating local hydrology.
The term “medicinal plant” include various types of plants used in herbalism ("herbology" or "herbal medicine"). It is the use of plants for medicinal purposes, and the study of such uses.
The word “herb” has been derived from the Latin word, “herba” and an old French word “herbe”. Now a days, herb refers to any part of the plant like fruit, seed, stem, bark, flower, leaf, stigma or a root, as well as a non-woody plant. Earlier, the term “herb” was only applied to non-woody plants, including those that come from trees and shrubs. These medicinal plants are also used as food, flavonoid, medicine or perfume and also in certain spiritual activities.
Plants have been used for medicinal purposes long before prehistoric period. Ancient Unani manuscripts Egyptian papyrus and Chinese writings described the use of herbs. Evidence exist that Unani Hakims, Indian Vaids and European and Mediterranean cultures were using herbs for over 4000 years as medicine. Indigenous cultures such as Rome, Egypt, Iran, Africa and America used herbs in their healing rituals, while other developed traditional medical systems such as Unani, Ayurveda and Chinese Medicine in which herbal therapies were used systematically.
This document provides an overview of ethnopharmacology, including definitions of related terms, areas of research, objectives and strategies. Some key points:
- Ethnopharmacology is the scientific study of materials used by cultures as medicines. It aims to document traditional knowledge and validate treatments.
- Major areas of herbal medicine research include Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, European and indigenous systems.
- The objectives are to investigate traditional remedies, identify active compounds, and conduct pharmacological studies.
- Strategies for screening plants include literature reviews, selecting candidates, proper collection and processing, and drug screening procedures.
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. It studies the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs from natural origins. Pharmacognosy has many applications in drug development including standardization, quality control, and meeting export standards. It is important for identifying medicinal plants, studying their properties, ensuring substitutes and adulterants are not used, and for developing pharmacopeias. Pharmacognosy involves collection and identification of plant materials, anatomical and phytochemical analysis, and biological activity studies to develop formulations.
1. The document discusses the Magnoliaceae plant family, describing its geographical distribution, habitat, morphology, and key characteristics.
2. Trees and shrubs in this family have alternate simple leaves with deciduous stipules leaving a circular scar. Their large, bisexual flowers are solitary with numerous spirally arranged floral parts on an elongated thalamus.
3. The family includes 7 genera and over 230 species of temperate to tropical rainforest trees and shrubs. Several species are cultivated for ornamental or medicinal purposes.
The document provides information on preparing, preserving, and storing plant specimens in a herbarium. It defines what a herbarium is and its functions. It describes how to collect, press, dry, poison, mount, label, and store plant specimens. It discusses important herbarium collections around the world and includes techniques for staining specimens. The overall document serves as a guide for building and maintaining a herbarium collection.
Off Season Cultivation of Cucurbits under Low Tunnel - A Cost Effective Technology for Farmers of Peri-Urban Areas of Northern India ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
1) There are four basic types of stomata among dicotyledons distinguished based on the subsidiary cells surrounding the stomata and their arrangements.
2) The four types are anomocytic (Ranunculaceae), anisocytic (Curciferae), paracytic (Rubiaceae), and diacytic (Caryophyllaceae).
3) Each type is characterized by the orientation and number of subsidiary cells surrounding the guard cells and pore.
- Ashoka envisions a world where everyone can drive social change and address social problems. It has supported over 300 social entrepreneurs in India over almost three decades working in fields like education, health, environment, economic development, and more.
- Ashoka fellows in India work across both rural and urban areas in all states, with an increasing number of women fellows. They develop innovative solutions and have national and global impact in their fields.
- Ashoka provides early support and belief in fellows' ideas, helping them develop their strategies and scale their impact. Fellows say this validation and introspective process is invaluable. Fellows also receive various awards and recognition for their work.
The document describes 20 different tree species found in India. It provides information on the common name, scientific name, nature, climate preferences, physical characteristics like height and bark texture, foliage details, soil requirements, and common uses for each tree. Some of the trees discussed include Ashoka, Arjuna, Tamarind, Gulmohar, Mango, Sheesham, Amla, and Neem.
Major firewood and timber yielding plantsram krishan
The document summarizes several major firewood and timber yielding plants found in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It provides the botanical name, common name, family, description, and uses for 18 different plants. Some of the key species discussed include Tectona grandis (teak), used widely for furniture making; Dalbergia sisso (Indian rosewood) used for construction, musical instruments and furniture; and Shorea robusta (sal tree) which provides a hard and durable wood used locally as a fuel source.
Stomata are small pores found on plant leaves that allow for gas exchange and transpiration. They consist of three parts: the pore, guard cells, and sometimes subsidiary cells. The pore allows for gas exchange and transpiration. Guard cells are specialized cells that surround the pore and control opening and closing. Subsidiary cells are associated with guard cells and help their function. There are four basic types of dicot stomata defined by Metcalfe and Chalk based on subsidiary cell arrangement: anomocytic (Ranunculaceae), anisocytic (Cruciferae), paracytic (Rubiaceae), and diacytic (Caryophyllaceae). Stomata types and arrangements vary
The document discusses strategies for conserving medicinal plants, which include both in-situ conservation of plants in their natural habitats as well as ex-situ conservation methods like gene banks, herbal gardens, and nurseries. It outlines threats to medicinal plants from habitat loss and overharvesting and the need to protect endangered species. Various national and international agencies have formulated policies aimed at sustainably using plant resources while preserving biodiversity and supporting traditional knowledge.
Ashwagandha is a plant from the Solanaceae family that is used in Ayurvedic medicine. It grows as a short shrub and its long, brown, tuberous roots are used for medicinal purposes. Ashwagandha is cultivated in drier regions of India and can tolerate temperatures from 20 to 38°C. Traditionally, it has been used to treat tumors, tuberculosis, and anxiety and research suggests it may help reduce cholesterol and improve sperm quality. Potential side effects include stomach upset, diarrhea, vomiting, and lowered blood pressure.
Stomata are small openings on plant leaves and young stems that allow for gas exchange with the atmosphere. Each stoma is surrounded by a pair of kidney-shaped guard cells that control the opening and closing of the pore. There are several types of stomata defined by the number and arrangement of neighboring subsidiary cells. The document discusses the definition, distribution, size, positioning and six main types (anomocytic, anisocytic, paracytic, diacytic, gramineous, and coniferous) of stomata found across plant species.
Archaeological evidence shows that herbal medicine dates back 60,000 years to the Paleolithic age. Some of the earliest written records of herbal medicine include a 5000-year-old Sumerian clay slab mentioning 250 plants and Egypt's Ebers Papyrus from 1550 BC describing over 700 plant-based compounds. Ancient Greek, Chinese, Indian, and Arab cultures also documented medicinal plants in early herbals and texts, with the Sushruta Samhita from 6th century BC India describing 700 medicinal plants. Throughout history, monasteries, physicians, and civilizations identified healing properties of plants and passed this knowledge between societies, upgrading old uses and discovering new ones to develop herbal medicine
The Combretaceae family includes about 530 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas within 10 genera found in subtropical and tropical regions. Some members produce useful timber. The family is characterized by pentamerous flowers with 4-5 sepals and stamens in two series of 4, 5, 8 or 10. The fruit is a leathery, one-seeded drupe. Combretum indicum is a creeping sub-scandent shrub cultivated for its sweet-scented flowers. It has opposite leaves and pentamerous flowers with 10 free stamens in two whorls. The Combretaceae have economic importance as a food source, medicine, gum, timber,
Clove is the dried flower bud of Eugenia caryophyllus, a tree native to Indonesia and cultivated in India. The ideal climate is a cooler, humid tropical region with well-distributed rainfall. Cloves contain 15-20% volatile clove oil, which is composed mainly of eugenol. Cloves are harvested by hand when buds are plump but unopened, then dried. Cloves are used as a spice and for flavoring, and clove oil is used commercially to produce vanillin and as an antiseptic. Potential adulterants include clove stalks, exhausted cloves with low oil content, and blown clove flowers.
The document discusses the root-stem transition zone in plants. It begins by explaining that the root has a radial vascular structure while the stem has a conjoint structure, so there must be a region where these structures merge. This region is called the root-stem transition zone. The document then describes four types of root-stem transitions (Fumaria, Cucurbita, Lathyrus, and Anemarrhena) which differ in how the xylem and phloem structures divide and rearrange as they transition from root to stem. Finally, it notes that the transition zone represents a different internal arrangement than the root or stem and reflects different evolutionary stages in the development of the vascular system.
This document discusses several herbal plants used in Ayurvedic medicine, including ashwagandha and aloe vera. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a plant in the Solanaceae family cultivated in India and Nepal that is used for its roots in Ayurvedic medicine. Its main chemical constituents are alkaloids and steroidal lactones. Traditionally, its roots and leaves are used to treat various symptoms and conditions. Aloe vera is a succulent plant originating in Africa that is widely used in cosmetics and alternative medicine, though evidence of its effectiveness is limited. It is used externally for its soothing properties and internally as a laxative, though high
APPLICATIONS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE SMGsajigeorge64
A brief account of Applications of Plant tissue culture - Micropropagation, Meristem culture, Synthetic seeds, Embryo culture, In vitro mutagenesis, In vitro production of secondary metabolites
The peepal tree is considered sacred in Hinduism and has been worshipped since ancient times. It is native to India and thrives in hot, humid weather, preferring full sunlight and loam soil. The peepal tree has many uses - its bark produces tannin for leather treatment, its leaves can heal wounds when heated in ghee, and research shows it is effective for mitigating various types of pollution by absorbing moisture and regulating local hydrology.
The term “medicinal plant” include various types of plants used in herbalism ("herbology" or "herbal medicine"). It is the use of plants for medicinal purposes, and the study of such uses.
The word “herb” has been derived from the Latin word, “herba” and an old French word “herbe”. Now a days, herb refers to any part of the plant like fruit, seed, stem, bark, flower, leaf, stigma or a root, as well as a non-woody plant. Earlier, the term “herb” was only applied to non-woody plants, including those that come from trees and shrubs. These medicinal plants are also used as food, flavonoid, medicine or perfume and also in certain spiritual activities.
Plants have been used for medicinal purposes long before prehistoric period. Ancient Unani manuscripts Egyptian papyrus and Chinese writings described the use of herbs. Evidence exist that Unani Hakims, Indian Vaids and European and Mediterranean cultures were using herbs for over 4000 years as medicine. Indigenous cultures such as Rome, Egypt, Iran, Africa and America used herbs in their healing rituals, while other developed traditional medical systems such as Unani, Ayurveda and Chinese Medicine in which herbal therapies were used systematically.
This document provides an overview of ethnopharmacology, including definitions of related terms, areas of research, objectives and strategies. Some key points:
- Ethnopharmacology is the scientific study of materials used by cultures as medicines. It aims to document traditional knowledge and validate treatments.
- Major areas of herbal medicine research include Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, European and indigenous systems.
- The objectives are to investigate traditional remedies, identify active compounds, and conduct pharmacological studies.
- Strategies for screening plants include literature reviews, selecting candidates, proper collection and processing, and drug screening procedures.
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. It studies the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs from natural origins. Pharmacognosy has many applications in drug development including standardization, quality control, and meeting export standards. It is important for identifying medicinal plants, studying their properties, ensuring substitutes and adulterants are not used, and for developing pharmacopeias. Pharmacognosy involves collection and identification of plant materials, anatomical and phytochemical analysis, and biological activity studies to develop formulations.
1. The document discusses the Magnoliaceae plant family, describing its geographical distribution, habitat, morphology, and key characteristics.
2. Trees and shrubs in this family have alternate simple leaves with deciduous stipules leaving a circular scar. Their large, bisexual flowers are solitary with numerous spirally arranged floral parts on an elongated thalamus.
3. The family includes 7 genera and over 230 species of temperate to tropical rainforest trees and shrubs. Several species are cultivated for ornamental or medicinal purposes.
The document provides information on preparing, preserving, and storing plant specimens in a herbarium. It defines what a herbarium is and its functions. It describes how to collect, press, dry, poison, mount, label, and store plant specimens. It discusses important herbarium collections around the world and includes techniques for staining specimens. The overall document serves as a guide for building and maintaining a herbarium collection.
Off Season Cultivation of Cucurbits under Low Tunnel - A Cost Effective Technology for Farmers of Peri-Urban Areas of Northern India ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
1) There are four basic types of stomata among dicotyledons distinguished based on the subsidiary cells surrounding the stomata and their arrangements.
2) The four types are anomocytic (Ranunculaceae), anisocytic (Curciferae), paracytic (Rubiaceae), and diacytic (Caryophyllaceae).
3) Each type is characterized by the orientation and number of subsidiary cells surrounding the guard cells and pore.
- Ashoka envisions a world where everyone can drive social change and address social problems. It has supported over 300 social entrepreneurs in India over almost three decades working in fields like education, health, environment, economic development, and more.
- Ashoka fellows in India work across both rural and urban areas in all states, with an increasing number of women fellows. They develop innovative solutions and have national and global impact in their fields.
- Ashoka provides early support and belief in fellows' ideas, helping them develop their strategies and scale their impact. Fellows say this validation and introspective process is invaluable. Fellows also receive various awards and recognition for their work.
The document describes 20 different tree species found in India. It provides information on the common name, scientific name, nature, climate preferences, physical characteristics like height and bark texture, foliage details, soil requirements, and common uses for each tree. Some of the trees discussed include Ashoka, Arjuna, Tamarind, Gulmohar, Mango, Sheesham, Amla, and Neem.
This document provides information on 10 different plant species found in various Indian states. It includes the state, common name, scientific name, description, medicinal uses, other uses, and cultural importance for each plant: Banyan Tree, Peepal Tree, Neem Tree, Indian Mahogany, and Sal Tree. It also includes information on the range of tree sizes from dwarf to giant, and different tree growth habits including oval, vase shaped, pyramidal, round, columnar, weeping, round/spreading, and fan shaped.
The document discusses the classification and growth of the Hibiscus rosasinensis plant, noting that it grows in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. It describes various colors and medicinal properties of Hibiscus flowers, such as using the leaves and flowers to treat hair and the roots to treat coughs. Additionally, it outlines how Hibiscus tea can be prepared and has health benefits like lowering blood pressure and cholesterol.
Aloe vera is a succulent plant species that originated in northern Africa. It has a long history of use in herbal medicine dating back to the first century AD. Extracts from aloe vera leaves are widely used in cosmetics and alternative medicine, being marketed as having rejuvenating, healing or soothing properties. The leaves are thick and fleshy, with some varieties showing white flecks. Aloe vera has various uses including treating wounds, ulcers, dandruff, hair fall, acidity, and possibly even cancer. It is thought to have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
The document summarizes the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on October 2nd, 2014. The campaign aims to achieve a clean India by 2019 by raising public awareness about sanitation and eliminating open defecation. It seeks to provide access to toilets and clean drinking water while ensuring solid and liquid waste management. The campaign involves participation from millions of government employees, students, and celebrities who are promoting the importance of community cleanliness nationwide.
This document discusses medicinal plants found in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan has around 6,000 plant species, 700 of which are used medicinally. It outlines the main ecological zones and some important medicinal plants found in each zone. These include plants found in alpine, temperate forest, subtropical forest, and arid areas. Some key plants mentioned are Glycyrrhiza glabra, Terminalia spp., Phylanthus embilica, Artemisia spp., and Commiphora wightii. It also provides details on medicinal plants found in Abbottabad and Balochistan, describing their uses.
General Introduction to Herbal Industry.pdfSamerPaser
Know about the present scope and future prospects of herbal drug industry
2. Know about the various plant based industries and institutions
3. Know about the various industries involved in work on medicinal and aromatic plants in
India
4. Know about the Schedule-T and its objectives
5. Know about the components of GMP and various infrastructural requirements of
working space
Effect of Herbal plant (Tulsi) against Common Disease in Gold Fish, Carassius...IJLT EMAS
The Herbs (medicinal plants) are widely used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various diseases in their day-to-day practice. These herbal plants are easily available in our surrounding area. Generally it is found, Gold fishes are frequently effected from microbes, bacterial, fungal, parasite etc. Disease fish were collected from ornamental Fish Farm. Collected fishes were feed with garlic supplemented feed and normal feed. Separately Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum) dust was added to normal feed and prepared feed was applied the aquarium containing disease-affected Gold fishes (Carassius auratus L.). Experimental trial was continued for 8 weeks consecutively to observe the development of immunity against the common pathogens. Result shows that the after treatment fish were healthy and energetic.
This document discusses the contribution of medicinal plants to modern medicine. It notes that around 50,000 plant species have been used medicinally throughout history. Roughly 100 plant species have contributed significantly to modern drugs, with 80% of drugs for antimicrobial, cardiovascular, immunosuppressive and anticancer uses derived from plants. The document outlines the history of herbal medicine from ancient times to modern day, noting key herbal texts and contributions from various civilizations including China, India, Europe and North America. It provides examples of commonly used medicinal plants and their chemical constituents that led to modern pharmaceuticals.
The document provides information on herbal medicines and Macrothelypteris torresiana. It discusses that herbal medicines are derived from ancient civilizations and have stood the test of time. Macrothelypteris torresiana is a species of fern native to tropical Africa and Asia that contains flavonoids with potential medicinal properties. The document outlines extraction methods used to obtain compounds from M. torresiana, including maceration, digestion, decoction, percolation, and Soxhlet extraction. Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts detected the presence of alkaloids and carbohydrates.
Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in national economy PDF.pdfDivya Kanojiya
The document discusses the role of medicinal and aromatic plants in India's national economy and their export potential. It notes that India has a rich diversity of medicinal plants and the forest is a major source of raw materials for drugs and perfumes. Medicinal plants contribute 7-8% to national income and generate 24-28% of employment. India both imports and exports various medicinal plants and herbal extracts. The export market for Ayurvedic medicines and herbal products is growing and shows promise. Traditional medicines based on plants are widely used globally and represent a significant industry in many countries.
This document discusses medicinal plants and their prospects in Bihar, India. It provides background on the ancient use of plants for medicine dating back 60,000 years. It outlines some early civilizations and medical systems that incorporated plants, including Ayurveda. The document then focuses on Bihar's potential for growing medicinal plants due to its natural factors. It provides examples of economically important plants grown in Bihar like lemon grass, ashwagandha, and garlic. It also describes the uses of other plants like tulsi, ginger, brahmi, arjuna, and five-leaved chaste tree. Former President Abdul Kalam helped promote medicinal plant cultivation in Bihar. Finally, it
Vegetables Mentioned In The Holy Qura’N And Ahadithabdul rahman
This document summarizes research on 9 herbaceous plant species mentioned in the Holy Quran and Hadith that are used for food and medicine in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. The plants were collected and their morphological features were studied. Data on the botanical name, local names, parts used and ethnomedicinal uses of each plant is organized alphabetically. The research aims to document the ethnobotanical importance of these plants in light of Islamic teachings. The plants and their medicinal properties described in the Quran and Hadith indicate that herbal medicine has a long tradition of use and cultural acceptance in Islam.
1. Ethnobotany is the study of relationships between people and plants. It aims to document traditional medicinal plant uses. Many early works studied indigenous plant medicines.
2. Herbal medicines provide various health benefits like cardioprotection, hepatoprotection, nephroprotection, and protection against cancer, Alzheimer's, and diabetes. Specific plants like turmeric, neem, onions, broccoli, milk thistle, grapes provide these benefits through active constituents.
3. While herbal medicines have deep historical roots, inconsistencies in active constituents between plants makes effects unpredictable. Standardization through quality controls and guaranteed marker compounds in extracts provides consistent activity and clinical results.
Complementary and alternative medicine pptSuny Bisshojit
This document discusses medicinal plants and their use as traditional medicines. It notes that medicinal plants have properties similar to conventional drugs and have been used for thousands of years. Some key points made include that 80% of the world's population uses plants as their primary medicine source, and many modern drugs were developed from plant-based compounds, including aspirin, opium, and quinine. The document also provides examples of plants commonly used in traditional medicines from different regions and their therapeutic effects.
Ethnobotany is the study of traditional plant knowledge and use by cultures. The document discusses the history of ethnobotany and traditional plant medicine. It provides examples of medicinal plants used by indigenous tribes in India, including Trichopus zeylanicus used as a health food, Caralluma adscendens as an appetite suppressant, and Strychnos potatorum used to purify water. Cycas beddomei is a threatened living fossil used by local people to treat arthritis and muscle pains.
This document summarizes research on 10 fruit plant species mentioned in the Holy Quran and Ahadith. It discusses Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Ficus carica (fig), Olea europea (olive), Phoenix dactylifera (date palm), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Salvadora persica (toothbrush tree), Vitis vinifera (grape vine), and Zizyphus mauritiana. For each species, it provides the botanical name, family, parts used, medicinal uses cited from Islamic sources, and references from
Arid And Semi Arid zone Mediinal Plants A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
New arid zone Mediinal Plants A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Short training Course on "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Boon for Enterprise development March 24th to 26th March 2017 at PFI Peshawar
Garden Cress Seeds Tiny But Mighty Nutrition Bombsijtsrd
Lepidium sativum, commonly known as garden cress, is a fast growing herb from the cruciferous family with a rich history of traditional medicinal uses. This comprehensive review explores the various properties and applications of Lepidium sativum in the realms of traditional and folk medicine, with a focus on its potential pharmacological effects. The plant is utilized in daily diets, Ayurvedic medicine, and Unani systems for its diverse range of health benefits.The article highlights the plants traditional uses in treating ailments such as asthma, bronchitis, and rheumatism, as well as its role in promoting mental clarity and intellect. It further delves into its Ayurvedic properties, emphasizing its taste Katu, Tikta , qualities Raghu, Ruksa, Tiksna , potency Usna , and therapeutic actions.The pharmacological activities of Lepidium sativum are examined in detail, including its anti diabetic effects, anti inflammatory, anti pyretic, analgesic, coagulant properties, and diuretic effects. Notably, the review explores the potential anti cancer properties of Lepidium sativum, emphasizing its role in apoptosis induction and the presence of organosulfur compounds.Furthermore, the article discusses the nutrient rich oil derived from Lepidium sativum seeds, known for its ideal fatty acid composition. It explores recent studies demonstrating the preventive effectiveness of this oil, which is rich in alpha linolenic acid and possesses a balanced ratio of omega 3 n 3 and omega 6 n 6 fatty acids.In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted medicinal and pharmacological properties of Lepidium sativum, shedding light on its potential as a natural remedy for various health conditions. It underscores the need for further research to unlock the full therapeutic potential of this versatile herb. Prajakta Kokate | Devika Gondhale | Swati Sandhan "Garden Cress Seeds: Tiny But Mighty Nutrition Bombs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60060.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/60060/garden-cress-seeds-tiny-but-mighty-nutrition-bombs/prajakta-kokate
Medicinal Plants with special reference to Chhattisgarh (1).pptxDrShriramKunjam1
Medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years in various medical traditions like Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. India is considered rich in medicinal plant diversity with over 8,000 plant-based remedies codified in Indian systems of medicine. Some common medicinal plants found in India and their uses include Catharanthus roseus which is a source of anti-cancer alkaloids, Azadirachta indica (neem) which has antimicrobial properties, and Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) which is used to increase strength and boost immunity.
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal plants and natural products. The document traces the historical development of pharmacognosy from ancient civilizations like Babylon, Egypt, India, Greece and China. It discusses how modern pharmacognosy emerged in the 20th century due to discoveries like penicillin. The current status and future scope of pharmacognosy is highlighted, including the importance of natural products in drug development and alternative medicine systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, homeopathy and traditional Chinese medicine.
Grape: A Medicinal Fruit Species in the Holy Qur’an and its Ethnomedinical Im...Tareq Zayed
Abstract: Islam is a religion of the complete code of life. The Ethical teaching of the Holy Qur’an and the
tradition of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are intimately linked to the biomedical ethics. The Holy Qur’an is
the absolute reference book describing, inter alia, the importance of plants used for diverse ailments in different
Surahs. In the current study, ethnomedicinal importance of grape, Vitis vinifera L., was studied. The name of
the grape appears as Inab and it is narrated eleven times in the Holy Qur’an in different Surash-Verses-
Al-Baqara: 266, Al-An’aam: 99, Ar-Ra’d: 4, An-Nahl: 11, 67, Al-Israa: 91, Al-Kahf: 32, Al-Muminoon: 19, Yaseen:
34, An-Naba: 32 and Abasa: 28. In addition, Hadith, Islamic history and books on medicinal plants, scientific
publications also looked for the realistic ethnomedicinal importance of this plant. The main aim of this study
was to accrue the advanced knowledge on grape in terms of its ethnomedicinal importance in the light of Islamic
point of view. It contains important bioactive compounds including flavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins and
stilbene derivatives resveratrol that have different therapeutic effects like anti-oxidative, anti-carcinogenic,
antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotechtive and
neuroprotective activities. Furthermore, it has extensive nutritional values and usages.
Herbal plants have been used throughout human history for both medicinal and culinary purposes. They contain chemical compounds that can have beneficial effects on the human body similar to conventional drugs, but also have potential side effects. Herbs can be perennials, biennials, or annuals, and some are used as both herbs and spices. The use of plants as medicine predates written history, and many common weeds also have medicinal properties. India has a long history of using Ayurvedic herbal remedies and is home to around 2000 species of medicinal plants.
Similar to 5. medicinal plants of high valued By Allah Dad Khan (20)
49. Energy Sources ( Production of biodiesel from jatropha) A Series of Prese...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Jatropha is a plant that can be used to produce biodiesel. Mr. Allah Dad Khan, an agriculture consultant and adviser from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, gave a presentation on jatropha production for biodiesel. The presentation discussed using jatropha to produce an alternative fuel source.
47. Energy Sources ( Jatropha oil as bio -diesel ) A Series of Presentation t...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Jatropha oil has potential as a biodiesel source. Mr. Allah Dad Khan, an agriculture consultant and adviser in KPK Pakistan, gave a presentation on jatropha oil as bio diesel. The presentation discussed jatropha oil's viability as an alternative energy source for fuel.
36. Energy sources (Nuclear energy ) A Series of Presentation to Class By Mr...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Nuclear energy is a promising source of clean energy that can help address energy demands and climate change issues. However, it also carries risks from radioactive waste and potential safety issues from accidents that must be carefully managed. Overall, if developed responsibly with strong safety protocols, nuclear power could make an important zero-carbon contribution to the global energy mix.
32. Energy Sources ( Energy sources the fuel) A Series of Presentation to ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
The document discusses various sources of energy, dividing them into conventional and non-conventional sources. Conventional sources include fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas. These are used in thermal power plants to produce electricity. Hydro power plants use the kinetic energy of flowing water for electricity. Non-conventional sources include solar, wind, biomass, tidal, geothermal and nuclear energy. These provide alternatives to fossil fuels and many are renewable but also have challenges like cost, land use or waste disposal.
17. Energy sources ( Tidal energy waves facts) A Series of Presentation to ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Tidal energy has the potential to be a renewable source of energy. Mr. Allah Dad Khan, an agriculture consultant and adviser in KPK Pakistan, gave a presentation about tidal energy and waves. The presentation provided facts about harnessing the power of tides and waves for energy production.
15. Energy sources ( Fourteen main advantages and disadvantages of tidal en...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Tidal energy is a renewable source of energy that harnesses the power of tides. It has several advantages, including being renewable as tides are driven by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, being a green energy source that doesn't emit greenhouse gases, and having a predictable output. However, tidal energy also has disadvantages such as potentially impacting the environment, only being available when tides are surging for around 10 hours per day so requiring effective energy storage, and being an expensive new technology that is not yet cost-effective.
Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -Gokul Rangarajan
The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
Sectional dentures for microstomia patients.pptxSatvikaPrasad
Microstomia, characterized by an abnormally small oral aperture, presents significant challenges in prosthodontic treatment, including limited access for examination, difficulties in impression making, and challenges with prosthesis insertion and removal. To manage these issues, customized impression techniques using sectional trays and elastomeric materials are employed. Prostheses may be designed in segments or with flexible materials to facilitate handling. Minimally invasive procedures and the use of digital technologies can enhance patient comfort. Education and training for patients on prosthesis care and maintenance are crucial for compliance. Regular follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with other specialists, ensure comprehensive care and improved quality of life for microstomia patients.
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Malayali Kerala Spa in Ajman, one among the top rated massage centre in ajman, welcomes you to experience high quality massage services from massage staffs from all ove rthe world! Being the best spa massage service providers, we take pride in offering traditional massage services of different countries, like
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English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptxMatSouthwell1
Presentation made by Mat Southwell to the Harm Reduction Working Group of the English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners. Discuss stimulants, OAMT, NSP coverage and community-led approach to DCRs. Focussing on active drug user perspectives and interests
Satisfying Spa Massage Experience at Just 99 AED - Malayali Kerala Spa AjmanMalayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Our Spa Massage Center Ajman prioritizes efficiency to ensure a satisfying massage experience for our clients at Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman. We offer a hassle-free appointment system, effective health issue identification, and precise massage techniques.
Our Spa in Ajman stands out for its effectiveness in enhancing wellness. Our therapists focus on treating the root cause of issues, providing tailored treatments for each client. We take pride in offering the most satisfying Pakistani Spa service, adjusting treatment plans based on client feedback.
For the most result-oriented Russian Spa treatment in Ajman, visit our Massage Center. Our Russian therapists are skilled in various techniques to address health concerns. Our body-to-body massage is efficient due to individualized care and high-grade massage oils.
Cyclothymia Test: Diagnosing, Symptoms, Treatment, and Impact | The Lifescien...The Lifesciences Magazine
The cyclothymia test is a pivotal tool in the diagnostic process. It helps clinicians assess the presence and severity of symptoms associated with cyclothymia.
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...bkling
Certain chemicals, such as phthalates and parabens, can disrupt the body's hormones and have significant effects on health. According to data, hormone-related health issues such as uterine fibroids, infertility, early puberty and more aggressive forms of breast and endometrial cancers disproportionately affect Black women. Our guest speaker, Jasmine A. McDonald, PhD, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Columbia University in New York City, discusses the scientific reasons why Black women should pay attention to specific chemicals in their personal care products, like hair care, and ways to minimize their exposure.
The story of Dr. Ranjit Jagtap's daughters is more than a tale of inherited responsibility; it's a narrative of passion, innovation, and unwavering commitment to a cause greater than oneself. In Poulami and Aditi Jagtap, we see the beautiful continuum of a father's dream and the limitless potential of compassion-driven healthcare.
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdfVedanta A
Air Ambulance Services In Rewa works in close coordination with ground-based emergency services, including local Emergency Medical Services, fire departments, and law enforcement agencies.
More@: https://tinyurl.com/2shrryhx
More@: https://tinyurl.com/5n8h3wp8
The Ultimate Guide in Setting Up Market Research System in Health-TechGokul Rangarajan
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
"Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research.
Many 0 to 1 startup founders often overlook market research, but this critical step can make or break a venture, especially in health tech.
But Why do they skip it?
Limited resources—time, money, and manpower—are common culprits.
"In fact, a survey by CB Insights found that 42% of startups fail due to no market need, which is like building a spaceship to Mars only to realise you forgot the fuel."
Sudharsan Srinivasan
Operational Partner Pitchworks VC Studio
Overconfidence in their product’s success leads founders to assume it will naturally find its market, especially in health tech where patient needs, entire system issues and regulatory requirements are as complex as trying to perform brain surgery with a butter knife. Additionally, the pressure to launch quickly and the belief in their own intuition further contribute to this oversight. Yet, thorough market research in health tech could be the key to transforming a startup's vision into a life-saving reality, instead of a medical mishap waiting to happen.
Example of Market Research working
Innovaccer, founded by Abhinav Shashank in 2014, focuses on improving healthcare delivery through data-driven insights and interoperability solutions. Before launching their platform, Innovaccer conducted extensive market research to understand the challenges faced by healthcare organizations and the potential for innovation in healthcare IT.
Identifying Pain Points: Innovaccer surveyed healthcare providers to understand their difficulties with data integration, care coordination, and patient engagement. They found widespread frustration with siloed systems and inefficient workflows.
Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensured their platform complied with HIPAA and other healthcare data privacy regulations. This compliance was crucial to gaining trust from healthcare providers wary of data security issues.
Customer Validation: Conducted pilot programs with several healthcare organizations to validate the platform's effectiveness in improving care outcomes and operational efficiency. Gathered feedback to refine features and user interface.
Test bank advanced health assessment and differential diagnosis essentials fo...rightmanforbloodline
Test bank advanced health assessment and differential diagnosis essentials for clinical practice 1st edition myrick.
Test bank advanced health assessment and differential diagnosis essentials for clinical practice 1st edition myrick.
Test bank advanced health assessment and differential diagnosis essentials for clinical practice 1st edition myrick.
Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, in Public Healthaghedogodday
This is a presentation on the overview of the role of monitoring and evaluation in public health. It describes the various components and how a robust M&E system can possitively impact the results or effectiveness of a public health intervention.
Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...DrDevTaneja1
Digital India will need a big trained army of Health Informatics educated & trained manpower in India.
Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
We look into the evolution of health informatics and its applications in the healthcare industry.
HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
Health informatics has huge employment potential and provides a big business opportunity for the healthcare industry. A big pool of trained health informatics manpower can lead to product & service innovations on a global scale in India.
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5. Medicinal Plants Define As
Those plants that have healing properties are
termed as medicinal plants or herbs.
Many plants with medicinal virtues are
termed officinalis. The Latin name denotes that the
plant is medicinally useful.
This term dates back to the early Christian period,
when monasteries were utilized as centers for the
gathering and writing of information and usage of
medicinal herbs.
6. Medicinal Plants in Quran and Hadith
The Holy Quran ,Plants mentioned in Surahs
Al-Bakra, Sura Al-Isra, Al-Rehman, Al-Inaam,
and Al-Mominoon.
In the Holy Quaran Allah says, “And within the
land are neighboring plots and gardens of
grapevines and crops and palm trees, (growing)
several from a root or otherwise, watered with
one water; but We make some of them exceed
others in (quality of) fruit. Indeed in that are
signs for a people who reason (Sura Ar-Ra`d,
verse 4).
Our Holy Prophet (PBUH) used and
recommended medicinal plants for treatment of
various ailments.
7. Saying of Prophet SAW
The Prophet (SAW) said, " If my community had only known
what there is in fenugreek they would have paid its weight in
gold."
When considering the value of herbs, it is not their cost or
exotic quality that matters as much as their versatility. Many
herbs have been used historically as "cure-alls" or potent
"tonic herbs." Among these herbs are black seed, fenugreek
and aloe vera, three of the Prophet's (SAW) favorite herbs.
Aloe vera is another very useful and favorite herb of the
Prophet (SAW). Qays bin Rafi al-Qatsi narrates that God's
messenger (SAW) said, "Aloes and watercress are a sure
cure for illness." In fact, in some areas of the world such as
South America, aloe vera is still used as an "all-purpose"
cure. In some homes, it is the ONLY herb used - for all
illnesses.
We are wise to use these herbs that Allah has provided,
remembering that, "For every malady Allah created, He also
created its cure (and he who) acquires such knowledge shall
benefit from it and one who ignores it will forgo such benefit"
(Sahih Bukhari).
8. Medicinal plants from ancient times to the present
1. Some 60,000 years ago, it appears that Neanderthal man valued herbs as
medicinal agents; this conclusion is based on a grave in Iran in which
pollen grains of eight medicinal plants were found .
2. The earliest written historical information dates back to 2500 B.C. when
Sumarian ideograms described the use of medicinal plants such as the
poppy as the "the plant of joy" 1728 to 1686 B.C. in the Code of
Hammurabi, the King of Babylon. Plants mentioned include mint,
henbane, senna and licorice.
3. Up until the 18th century, the professions of doctor and botanist were
closely linked. Indeed, the first modern botanic gardens, which were
founded in 16th century Italy, in Pisa, Padova and Florence
4. Perhaps 90% of the world's population still relies completely on
raw herbs and unrefined extracts as medicines.
5. It has been estimated that about 13,000 species used as
traditional medicines by various cultures around the world
6. Sometimes the figure of 70,000 medicinal plant species is cited,
but this includes many algae, fungi, and micro-organisms that
are not really plants as the word is understood by botanists
9. Best Climate of Pakistan for Medicinal Plants
Pakistan is a developing country of South Asia,
spreading over an area of 87.98 million hectares. The
country is situated between latitude 23° and 37° North
and longitude 61° and 76° East. The annual rainfall
ranges from 125 mm in the South to 875 mm in sub-
mountainous and northern plains.
About 70% of the rain falls during the monsoon
season (July-September). However, occasional
showers also occur during the winter.
The summer months, except in mountainous areas,
are very hot, while the winter months are mild in the
plains and extremely severe in hilly regions.
10. Pakistan scenario and Medicinal plants
There are around 46,000 Registered "Hakims" and about 74,000
Registered Homeopaths as against some 102516 Registered
Physicians.
The number of recognized Tibbia Colleges and Dispensaries is 28
and 315 respectively Tibbi Pharmacopoeia published by the
National Council of Tibb lists about 900 single herbs whereas
Hamdard Pharmacopoea of Eastern
Medicine lists 186 single vegetable drugs used exclusively in
"unani medicine".
11. Forest Status in Pakistan
The state-owned forest area, under the control of
the Forest Department, is 4.58 million hectares,
only 5.2 % of the total area of Pakistan, Azad
Jammu and Kashmir. Annual production of timber
and fuelwood is 0.482 million m3 and 0.234 million
m3 respectively.
12. The cultivation of medicinal crops has many
advantages. These include:
As compared to the traditional crops,
1. Medicinal crops provide better returns than
traditional crops;
2. Have very high domestic and export
demand;
3. Fetch better prices in the market;
4. Could be stored for a long time, and sold at
a time when better prices prevail in the
market;
5. Are the largely drought tolerant, and not
easily grazed by animals;
6. Have low incidence of pest attacks and
diseases;
7. Require minimum resources, therefore the
cost of cultivation is lower as compared to
the traditional crops;
8. Could be raised as inter-crops, along with
traditional crops, and also on degraded
lands.
13. WORLD IN 21st CENTURY
100% increase in World’s population (12 billion by
the year 2035).
50% reduction in forests cover.
Life expectancy close to 100 years in most parts of
the world.
World resources of fossil fuel will be totally
consumed.
Plant products are used as
Foodstuffs
Flavoring agents and spices
Perfumes and cosmetics
Pharmaceutical and biological agents
Recreational substances
14. Status of Medicinal Plants in Pakistan
1. A survey of the naturally available plant wealth of Pakistan
shows that medicinal plants grow in abundance in Hazara,
Malak and Kurram Agency, Murree Hills, Azad Kashmir,
Northern Areas and Baluchistan, or are cultivated on
farmlands in Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Province and Kashmir.
2. According to the surveys carried out by the Pakistan Forest
Institute 500 tons of medicinal plants are produced in Hazara
and Malakand, 16 tons in Murree Hills, 38 tons in Azad
Kashmir and about 24 tons in Northern Areas.
3. These plants are collected from the wild, dried and processed
and sold in the local markets or exported to other countries.
Pakistan obtains more than 80 % of its medicaments from
higher plants.
15. Medicinal Plants and Pakistan
Pakistan has a diverse climatic condition supporting
the growth of nearly 6000 higher plant species of
which nearly 700 plant species are reported for their
medicinal value .
Nearly 300 medicinal plants are traded locally and
internationally.
Pakistan obtains more than 80 per cent of its
medicaments from higher plants.
16. Importance of Medicinal Plants
Almost 50% of the medicines we use today are
derived straight from plants and 25% of the
prescription drugs have their genesis of plants.
According to WHO, 80% of the world population
rely chiefly on plant based traditional medicines.
The common belief based on tradition, that
medicinal plants being "natural" or near to nature
are always safe, is not held to be true lately.
The advancement of technology has enabled the
scientists to detect minute amounts of
carcinogenic and toxic chemicals in these herbs
and recognize or evaluate potentially hazardous
effects of some of the herbs used in traditional
medicines since centuries.
17. Importance of some important medicinal plants
1. Cinnamon ( Darcheeni) - cinnamon bark contains
an oil-like substance that kills a variety of illness
causing bacteria,
including E.coli and Salmonella, and research shows
that cinnamon is able to stop the growth of the
Asian fluvirus. Cinnamon has a surprisingly strong
effect on the brain and mood; its distinctive smell
helps to reduce anxiety and stress, increase
alertness, and prevent mood swings caused by
fluctuating blood-sugar levels.
1. 2.Turmeric ( Haldi) - turmeric contains curcumin, a
powerful antioxidant chemical that
detoxifies carcinogens and calms inflammation,
making it useful for easing auto-immune conditions
such as rheumatoid arthritis and allergies. It appears
to work just like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs, without the side effects. Turmeric is such as
strong anti-inflammatory that only a small amount is
enough to reduce the risk of illness.Curcumin, which
gives this spice its vivid golden color, also helps to
prevent the build up of fatty deposits in the arteries,
and so may protect against conditions such
as Alzheimer’s and heart disease.
18. 3. Basil ( Niazbo) - basil contains volatile oils, which account for the
medicinal properties of this herb. It relieves flatulence, is an aid
to digestion and its antiseptic properties are said to benefit acne. This
fragrant oil also hasantimicrobial effects. Recent tests have found
that basil oils can counteract the growth of antibiotic-resistant superbugs,
including those that cause food poisonin g and others that infect wounds.
4. Clove (Loong) - clove oil is 60 to 90 percent eugenol, a potent pain-
relieving compound, effective for numbing the pain toothache,
headaches, and other areas of pain, such as the joints. As well as their
anaesthetic effects, clovescombat the bacterial infection
and inflammation that can lead to gum diseaseand the risk of further
damage to teeth.
19. 5. Cumin (Zeera)- cumin seeds are valued for their digestive
benefits. Cuminrelieves wind and can prevent digestive upsets
such as diarrhea. This is thought to be because these
small seeds stimulate the production of pancreatic enzymes
that help the body break down foods and absorb the nutrients.
This fragrant spice is a source of iron and is rich in essential
oils. Regularly eating cumin is associated with blood glucose-
lowering effects.Chewing a few seeds of cumin sweetens the
breath after eating a meal. End a meal by chewing a blend
of cumin seeds, fennel, cloves and cardamom to
enhance digestion.
6. Fennel (Saunf)– Rich in volatile oils, fennel is a carminative
herb, meaning that it can ease bloating, flatulence, and
digestive spasms. As well as digestion, scientific research has
demonstrated fennel’s anti-cancer, intestinal healthand eye
health benefits. Fennel seeds can also reduce bad breath and
body odor. The fennel bulb contains a significant amount
of Vitamin C, and is a source of fiber, folate and potassium,
making it a powerful antioxidant herb.
20. 7. Mint ( Pudina)- mint is widely used as a highly effective digestive aid,
and to counteract nausea and vomiting. Mint improves fat digestion and
is an effective antacid, due to its essential oils. Peppermint oil is still the
basis for many indigestion remedies, because it is extremely soothing to
the stomach lining. Mint tea is not only beneficial for digestion; it is a
simple treatment for stress-induced headaches. Chewing the leaves or
drinking the tea stimulates the cortex of the brain to
improve concentration and induce relaxation.
8. Oregano Seed ( Ajwain)- One tablespoon of oregano has about the
same antioxidantcapacity as one banana or a cup of string beans.
Its antioxidant qualities combat the conditions of aging, especially heart
disease and cancers.Oregano contains at least four compounds that
soothe coughs and 19 chemicals with antibacterial action, which are
associated with offering protection against food-borne diseases.
Freshly-picked oregano leaves are the most effective.
21. 9. Parsley ( ajmood /ajwai e khurasani) - parsley
is rich in essential oils, and contains Vitamin A,
C, and some iron and calcium. It is a diuretic
and digestive herb, helping to prevent problems
such as kidney stones and bladder infections,
and keeping the body’s plumbing running
smoothly by causing it to produce more urine. It
also aids in the elimination of uric acid – useful
for arthritis, rheumatism orgout, and it is an
effective breath freshener because it contains
high levels of chlorophyll.
10.Fenugreek ( Methi)- fenugreek is rich in
vitamins A and C,and iron andphosphorus.
Studies have shown that fenugreek is a potent
stimulator of breast milk production in nursing
mothers. Fenugreek seeds have also been
found to protect against cancers of the colon
and breast, and have anti-diabetic effects. The
regular intake of fenugreek seeds helps to purify
theblood, flush out harmful toxins and lowers the
risk of a heart attack.
23. Uses of Medicinal Plants
1. Health care products in traditional medicine (either as raw,
single herb preparations or as manufactured finished products,
including substances of psychotropic and ritual/religious value);
2. Raw material for the pharmaceutical industry for extraction of
essential oils, fixed oils, tannins, gums and resins, and
pharmacologically active constituents like alkaloids, glycosides,
flavonoids, etc.;
3. Culinary additions, spices and colorings;
4. Natural cosmetics and in perfumes;
5. Health foods either distributed through pharmacies under
prescription or as "over-the-counter" medicines.
Castor oil that was used as a powerful laxative, one teaspoon
to two tablespoons taken in the evening.
Fennel seeds that were used for their carminative, stomachic
and other digestive problems, taken steeped with water, or as
two drops of seed oil.
Saffron was used as a carminative or to increase the blood
flow.
24. Table Important medicinal plant species of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa
Province , Kashmir and Baluchistan and Sindh
Plant names Parts used Approximate
Annual Yield (tons)
Aconitum chasmanthum
(Atees)
Roots 5
Aconitum heterophyllum
(Atees)
Roots 1
Acontium sp. (Atees) Leaves 7
Adianthum capillus Whole plant 120
Angelica glauca Roots 7
Artemisia vulgaris Leaves/ shoots 148
Atropa acuminate (angoori
shafa)
Roots 74
Berberis lyceum(Dar choob) Roots 300
Dioscorea deltoidea Rhizome 148
Dioscorea deltoidea (Kartha) Twigs 233
.
25. Table Important medicinal plant species of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Province
, Kashmir and Baluchistan and Sindh
Plant names Parts used Approximate
Annual Yield (tons)
Geranium wallichianum (Lejahari) Roots 18
Myrtus communs Fruits 45
Paeonia emodi( Mamekh) Rhizome 99
Podophyllum emodi (Ban kakri) Rhizome 55
Polygonum amplexicauler(bandok) Roots 27
Rheum emodi ( Rewand chini) Roots 259
Saxifraga ciliate ( Roots 37
Thymus serphyllum ( Ban Ajwain) Leaves 7
Valeriana wallichii ( Muski Bala) Rhizome 148
Zizyphus vulgaris (Unab) Fruits 30
.
26. Issues related to Medicinal Plants in Pakistan
1) Depletion of existing stock and presently most of the plants are found
scattered in the distant areas.
2) Threat to genetic erosion due to indiscriminate exploitation by the
collectors
3) Quality deterioration
4) Few species are reported endanger to the extinct.
5) Development of the technology of propagation and regeneration of
medicinal plants in their natural habitat.
6) Conservation of this natural resources.
28. Increasing popularity of medicinal plants
I. Low cost: herbals are relatively inexpensive and the cost
of pharmaceuticals to governments and individuals is rising
II. Drug resistance: the need for alternative treatments for
drug-resistant pathogens
III. Limitations of medicine: the existence of ailments without
an effective pharmaceutical treatment
IV. Medicinal value: laboratory and clinical corroboration of
safety and efficacy for a growing number of medicinal
plants
V. Cultural exchange: expanding contact and growing
respect for foreign cultures, including alternative systems of
medicine
VI. Commercial value: growing appreciation of trade and
other commercial economic opportunities represented by
medicinal plants
29. Economic opportunities and cultivation of MP
1. Most of the world's supply of medicinal herbs is obtained by wild
collection (often called "wildcrafting"), not by cultivation.
2. There are still many minor medicinal plant species in Country that
are abundant in nature and can be collected in a sustainable
fashion.
3. However, because of shrinking wild resources and a strengthening
sentiment that biodiversity should be preserved, cultivation is
becoming increasingly important.
4. Cultivation offers the possibility of not only preserving economically
important wild plants in their natural habitats, but also of providing
farmers with new crops.
5. Domestic and foreign markets for medicinal plants are growing
rapidly and provide important opportunities for the development and
diversification of Pakistani agriculture
30. CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
a. A variety of medicinal plants grow in the temperate hilly region of
Pakistan. These plants gained importance in the allopathic
system of medicine .
b. Plants such as Digitalis purpurea,Atropa belladonna, Colchicum
sp. (Suranjan talkh), and many others were used in British and
American pharmacopoeias
c. This has resulted in the depletion of the existing stock and
presently most of the plants are found scattered in the distant
areas.
d. Some other species are also endangered through indiscriminate
exploitation by the collectors. For quite a few of these valuable
plants, either the quality has deteriorated or they have become
extinct.
e. Development of the technology of propagation and regeneration
of medicinal plants in their natural habitat is essential for the
conservation of this natural resource.
f. Studies carried out by the Medicinal Plants Branch have
revealed that temperate medicinal plants acquire perennial
habits and therefore take more time to reach the stage of
commercial exploitation.
31. Cultivation of medicinal plants
In country cultivation of medicinal plants is
very intermittent.Definately the medicinal
plants are not alternative in major crops.
These must be included as minor crops.
Cultivation in Rainfed area
Plants as xerophyte are growing there
potential must be exploited through
awareness and training.
32. Cultivation as intercropping in various cropping
system
Various medicinal plants , keeping in view their growth habit
can be inter cropped in orchids, forest and with major crops .
Cultivation of trees
The deciduous natural medicinal plants require more than
10 to 15 years for harvesting and economic return. These
plants may be planted on separate lands, on slope hill sides
,Banks of canal and water resources.
Weeds as Medicinal Plants
There is a need develop agro technologies to keep theses
weeds as a secondary crop. The farmers can earn an
additional income for collecting and selling different parts of
weeds.
33. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants (Winter season)
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance from
Line to Line
Cm
Flowering
Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield per
Hectare in
Kgs
1 Ajwain
(
Khuras
ani)
Sept-Oct 36 March May -June 500-550
2 Ajwain
desi
Sept-Oct 36 March April- May 350-400
3 Alsi Oct-Nov 30 Feb April-May 700-800
4 Kalwon
ji
Sep-Oct 30 March April-May 550-644
5 Tukhu
me
balang
o
Sept-Oct 30 Feb April 450-600
6 Malathi Sept-Oct 100 ----- After three to 4
years
4000-5000
7 Kuth Oct-Nov
(roots)
Pots --- After 3 Years
34. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season
Contd
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from
Line to
Line Cm
Flowering
Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield per
Hectare in
Kgs
8 Zeera
Sufaid
Dec-Jan Broadcas
t
--- Feb 350-375
9 Zeera Kala Sept-Oct 35 Nov Dec 375-400
10
11 Coriander Aug-Sept Broadcas
t
---- Oct-Nov
12 Methi July-Aug
13 Mehindi June -sept 45 --- March -June 1500-3000
14 Aspaghool Sept- Oct 15-20 Feb March -April 450-500
35. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season
Contd
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from Line
to Line
Cm
Flowering
Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield per
Hectare in
Kgs
15 Rai Oct-Nov 36 Feb March-April 300-350
16 Soyia Oct-Nov 36 Feb March -April 400-500
17 Kali
Zeeri
Aug-Sept 50 Nov Dec-Jan 200-250
18 Kao Oct-Nov 36 -- Feb-March 400-450
19 Meethra Sept-Oct 36 --- March-April 400-500
20 Haloon Oct-Nov 36 -- March-April 300-400
21
36. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from Line
to Line
Cm
Flowering
Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield per
Hectare in
Kgs
1 Adrak March-April 45 --- Dec-Jan 2000-2500
2 Gekhwar
(Aloe
vera )
March Pots --- After 4 Years
3 Choonga
n(seed)
July Pots --- ----
4 Haldi March-April 45 --- Dec-Jan
5 Pudina Feb-March 30 --- 15-20cm
Stage
200-250
6 Saunf March -
April
45 --- June-July
7 KilKil Feb-March 50 --- Oct-Nov 160-200
37. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season
contd
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from
Line to
Line Cm
Flowering
Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield per
Hectare in
Kgs
8 Babchi March-
April
40-50 -- July -Dec 1000-1200
9 Lemon
Grass
Feb-March 50 Nov- Dec June -Aug 25000-30000
10 Koortuma March-
April
50 --- June -July 8000-1000
11 Kulfa March-
June
25 --- April-Aug 1000 kg saag
12 Till July 45 Oct-Nov
13 Castor July-Aug 3 meter ---- Nov 800
14
38. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from Line
to Line
Cm
Flowering
Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield
per
Hecta
re in
Kgs
1 Sohanjana
2 Neem
3 Papita Sada Bahar
4 Mushk Bala
5 Podophylum
6 Narchi
7 Harmal
39. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees
# Name Time
of
sowin
g
Distance
from Line
to Line
Cm
Flowering
Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield per
Hectare in
Kgs
8 Unab
9 Ber
10 Timru
11 Bsanafs
ha
12 Falsa
13 Amla March 25 feet April-May Nov -Jan 40-60 kg/plant
14 Ajmood
40. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from Line
to Line
Cm
Flowering
Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield per
Hectare in
Kgs
15 Amaltas
16 Kuchnar
17 Jamman