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1. 5
Listening and
Critical Thinking

2. 5-2
Learning Objectives
The importance of listening
Differentiate between
hearing and listening.
Define and discuss types of
listening
Describe the listening process
Analyze barriers to effective
listening.

3. 5-3
Hear Vs Listen
 Hearing is a physiological
process, whereas listening
is a cognitive process.
 If you HEAR something it is
because you have ears
and not deaf.
 If you LISTEN TO something
then you paying particular
attention to what you can
hear.

4. 5-4
Listening
The active process of
receiving, constructing
meaning from, and
responding to spoken
and/or nonverbal
messages.
(Brownell, 2002)

5. 5-5
 Not the same as hearing.
 It involves the ability to retain information, as well as to react
empathically and/or appreciatively to spoken and/or
nonverbal messages.
 An active listening:
 Empathic listening- listening with a purpose and attempting
to understand the other person.
 Critical listening- listening that challenges the speaker’s
message by evaluating its accuracy, meaningfulness, and
utility.
 Listening for enjoyment
What are Listening?

6. 5-6
Active listening
 Involved listening with a purpose
 Empathic listening
Critical listening
Listening for enjoyment
 Situations involving relaxing, fun, or emotionally stimulating
information.
Four Types of Listening

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The Listening Process

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 Receive stimuli (music, words or sounds)
 Attention
 Selective Attention
The sustained focus we give stimuli we deem important
E.g.: We selectively pay attention to our favourite show
 Automatic Attention
 The instinctive focus we give to stimuli signaling a change
in our surroundings, stimuli that we deem important, or
perceive to signal danger.
E.g : Our name being shouted from across the room
The Process of Listening

9. 5-9
Working Memory
 The part of our consciousness that interprets and assigns
meaning to stimuli we pay attention to.
 E.g: working memory to recognizes patterns of words
combined into phrases.
The Process of Listening

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Short-term Memory
 A temporary storage place for information.
 E.g: Post-it note
The Process of Listening

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Long-term Memory
 Our permanent storage place for information, including but
not limited to past experiences; language values;
knowledge; images of people; memories of sight; sounds,
and smells; and even fantasies.
 Schema : Organizational “filling systems” for thoughts held in
long-term memory.
The Process of Listening

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The Listening Process

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Purpose for listening
Listening preferences
Listening awareness
Nonverbal listening behaviors
Interruptive behaviors
Listening Differences between
Men and Women

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Listen and think critically
Use non-verbal communication
effectively
Use verbal communication effectively
Check your understanding
Becoming a Better Listener

15. 5-15

16. 5-16
 Be self-aware
 Monitor your nonverbal behavior
 Minimize interruptions
 Ask nonaggressive questions
 Summarize what the other says to assure you understand
Listening in the Workplace

17. 5-17
 Use Lecture Listening
 Find areas of interest
 Remain open
 Works at listening
 Avoid letting distractions distract
 Listen for and note main ideas
 Lecture Cues
 Verbal and nonverbal signals that
stress points or indicate transitions
between ideas during a lecture
Listening in the Classroom

18. 5-18
 Become a critical consumer of media information
 Develop information literacy
 The ability to recognize when information is
needed and to locate, evaluate, and effectively
use the information needed.
 Check your perceptions of electronic messages
Listening to Media

19. 5-19
 Develop vocabulary comprehension
 Learn to recognize sounds and associate them
with their meaning.
 Develop metacognitive skills
 Decipher meanings by drawing inferences from
the context
 Draw parallels between English and the native
language.
Listening in a Second Language

20. 5-20
 Recognize the sources of your own conversational
habits
 Monitor your communication to recognize when you
are engaging in poor listening behaviors
 Apply general ethical principles to how you respond
 Adapt to others
Be an Ethical Listener