Horace Mann became Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education in 1837 and greatly improved public education through establishing teacher training schools, increasing teacher pay, and building new secondary schools. The Equal Education Opportunities Act of 1974 prohibited discrimination and required schools to overcome barriers preventing equal access, especially for limited English proficiency students. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 instituted high-stakes testing and held schools accountable for achievement of all student groups. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 reauthorized special education and emphasized the Response to Intervention process to identify student needs.