Schooling in America has evolved greatly since the early colonial period. Early education began with Puritan families educating their children at home. Later, the Puritans established Latin grammar schools to teach boys Latin, Greek, and the Bible. Over time, laws were passed to establish common schools and make education mandatory throughout the growing nation. The 20th century brought important changes like the establishment of junior high schools, desegregation of schools, and acts protecting students with disabilities and prohibiting sex-based discrimination. Current issues involve school choice, standardized testing, and the separation of church and education.

1. Schooling in America
Group Colorful Joy: Monica Clifford, Katelyn
Greb,Paige Bursler, Kasey Helms, and Tashiana Joyner

2. Chapter 3 goes into detail about Schooling in America beginning all the way
back in the Early 1600’s. We will be exploring historic events that have
shaped education into what it is today as well as learning about famous
educators who made important contributions to education.
Introduction

3. Important Events in American
Education
Early
1600s
Early colonial
education began in
the home when
Puritans
established
colonies.
1635 1647
Puritan colonists
established Latin
grammar schools, the
first of which opened in
Boston. The sons of
upper social classes
studied Latin and Greek
language and literature
as well as the Bible.
1751 1785-1787
1820’s183918521892
Massachusetts
passed a law
requiring formal
education, the
“Old Deluder
Satan” Act, it
mandated that
with more
households their
became more paid
teachers and more
schools. Town
schools became
readily available
after 1647.
Franklin
established a new
kind of secondary
school, it is known
as The Franklin
Academy in
Philadelphia. This
academy offered
many subjects
such as science,
mathematics,
athletics,
navigation, and
bookkeeping.
Efforts were made to
consolidate schools
and make education
mandatory
throughout the new
nation. Congress
enacted the Land
Ordinance Act of 1785
and the Northwest
Ordinance of 1787.
These ordinances set
aside land for public
schools
Common schools were
gradually established in
other New England,
midwestern, western,
and finally southern
states.
First normal school opened
in Lexington, Massachusetts.
Normal school was a type of
teacher-education
institution.
Compulsory
attendance
laws came
into
existence.
The National Education
Association appointed
Committee of Ten to
determine the proper
curriculum for high
schools.

4. 1900s-2001
1909
1954
1950
1965
1972
1975 1983
2001
First junior high
school opens in
Columbus, Ohio.
Brown vs Board of
Education of Topeka,
Kansas. The U.S.
Supreme Court
outlawed segregation in
public education
Development
of middle
schools.
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Act.
Title IX, part of the Education Amendments of 1972, a law
that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any
federally funded education program or activity.
Education for All
Handicapped Children
Act, later changed to the
Individuals with
Disabilities Education
Act.
A Nation at Risk was a report
made in the form of an open
letter to the American people
about the deep concern about
the educational system in
America
No Child
Left
Behind
Act.

5. •The educational philosophy that
emphasizes ideas conveyed
through the study of great works of
literature and art. Teachers engage
in extended dialogue to discuss and
reason about the great ideas. This
educational philosophy found a
strong expression with the Paideia
Proposal by Mortimer Adler.
Teachers roles in educational
philosophies
• An educational
philosophy that states the
purpose of education is to learn
specific knowledge and for the
students to be educated citizens. In
this teachers are the central figures
in the classroom and they are
transferring their knowledge to
students. The educator William
Bagley coined the term
essentialism.
Essentialism
•An educational philosophy that
stresses active learning, problem
solving, and experimentation.
Teachers structure the learning
activities and encourage students to
explore the ideas that arise. John
Dewey has had his educational
philosophy referred to as
progressivism or also as pragmatism.
Progressivism
Perennialism
•The
schooling promotes
social and political reform by
focusing on the need for change
and looking at the social problems
we are faced with. The teacher guides
students to critically think about the
social injustice and challenge
oppression. One critical theorists, Paulo
Freire, had a particularly profound
impact on the thinking of many
educators and has an influential
work called Pedagogy of
the Oppressed.
Social Reconstructionism
•The student choose their own course of study as
part of their effort to figure out their place in the
world and the meaning of their lives. The teacher
should support students in exploring their own
interests. A philosopher who helped this
philosophy was Soren Kierkegaard and in the
mid-twentieth century existentialism gained
popular notice by the works of Jean Paul Sartre
and others.
Existentialism

6. Seperation
of
Church
• When dealing with
public education,
church cannot be
apart. Which means
we can’t speak on God
or prayer, or any other
religious worship
cannot take place.
They are two separate
entities. Whereas in a
private school it is
allowed.
In terms of Education
A current controversy
• A current
controversy that is
concerned with this
issue could be
prayer in school.
Also, some parents
feel that if their
child is being taught
other religions they
might fall out of love
with their own faith.

7. Personally, the philosophy that
is consistent with my own beliefs would
be progressivism. This educational
philosophy stresses active learning and I think
that when students are being taught in this way
they learn how to live and work with one another to
accomplish big goals. I believe like Dewey and I
think that in school you need the curriculum to
be able to mix with real-life experiences and
define the curiosity that your students
have.
Which philosophy
seems most consistent
with your own beliefs?
Explain.
-Kasey

8. Brown vs Board of Education of
Topeka, Kansas
A 1954 case in which the
Supreme Court outlawed
segregation in public
education. The court decided
that separate schools would
lead to differences within the
education and because of the
inequality schools could not
remain segregated.

9. Common Schools
• A Common School is
defined by our
textbook as a public
elementary school
that is supported by
taxes.
• Manns’ motivation for
supporting the common
school movement was due to
the new democracy which
required a n educated
citizenry for its survival.
(Koch, 63)
In what ways do you
think schools serve
as an arena for
social control?
I think schools serve as an arena
for social control because the
more wealthy will get a better
education than the less wealthy,
this even was shown in the
Colonial Period that we just read
about.
-Katelyn

10. Bilingual Education Acts of
1968 and 1974
This act provided supplemental funding for school districts
to establish programs for large numbers of children with
limited English-language ability.

11. The 1647 Old Deluder Satan Act
The purpose of the act was
to require formal education.
It stated that every town
depending of the amount of
houses, had to pay the
teacher or provide a
grammar school to help
prepare the youths for
university.
The law became successful
and begin spreading to
other colonies. The Latin
grammar school is now
considered one of the
indications of the American
high school
What is this Act?
What was the
impact on
public
education?

12. Elementary and Secondary
education Act of 1965
This ensured that federal
assistance would be sent to the
poorest schools and communities
in the nation. Its immediate
impact was to provide one billion
dollars to improve the education
of students from families living
in poverty.

13. Social capital is the connections among
individuals that give them access to
cultural and civic events and institutions.
Parents with social capital make sure
their children have the best education. It
generally comes with wealth, privilege,
and their social status.
Social Capital
Education
&

14. No Child Left Behind Act of
2001
This revised the ESA and
called for states to develop
content-area standards and
annual testing of math and
reading in grades 3 to 8. The
revision also gives greater
choice about where their
children go to school.

15. Title IX of the Education
Amendments Act of 1972
A federal law that prohibits
discrimination on the basis
of sex in any federally
funded education program
or activity. The main
objective is to avoid the use
of federal money to support
sexually discriminating
practices.

16. Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act
The federal law that guarantees that all children
with disabilities receive free, appropriate public
education, just like all the other children.

17. Educational Options During
the Colonial Period
•Homeschooling
for children 6 to 8
years old.
•Somewhat like an
informational daycare.
•Parents would leave their children with
a neighborhood woman who would
do her chores while teaching
the children.
•They were taught:
•Numbers
•Letters
•Prayers
Da
m
e
Schools
•Where
boys went
after finishing
Dame School.
•Sometimes apprenticed to
craftsmen to learn a trade.
• The skills they learn through their
apprenticeship would carry with them to
adulthood
•Girls were taught domestic
skills at home.
•Girls education was
considered a second rate
education to that of
the boys.
Appren
ticeship

18. Northern colonies Mid-Atlantic colonies
• Town Schools were available after 1647.
• Taught the bible
• Wide range of European ethnic groups and
religious groups established different schools
• Various trades established apprenticeship
programs.
• Some Latin grammar schools existed
• Private schools were dedicated to job
training and practical skills
Southern colonies
• Fewer schools (more rural)
• Wealthy plantation owners hired
private tutors for their children.
• Many of the young men were
sent to Europe for their
education.

19. Sons of upper social
classes studied:
• Latin and Greek
• Bible
• To farther the boys’ education ,
the Puritans founded Harvard
College in 1636– to enter the
school the boys had to take an
exam on reading and speaking
Greek and Latin.
Latin Grammer

20. Schools for formal education
• This came about in 1647 when Massachusetts passed a law requiring formal education.
• Old Deluder Satan Act
• Every town of 50 households must appoint and pay a teacher of reading and writing.
• Every own of 100 households must provide a grammar school to prepare youths for a
University.
New
Town
Schools

21. Junior high school
vs
Middle school
• The difference between junior high schools and middle
schools is junior high concentrated “on the emotional and
intellectual needs of students in grades 7, 8, and 9” (Koch,
66) and middle school’s concentrated “on interdisciplinary
learning and team teaching” (Koch, 67) for grades 5-8.

22. Contributions of Catherine
Beecher and Booker T. Washington
Catherine Beecher made many contributions
to the field of teacher education by starting
“the Hartford (Connecticut) Female
Seminary in 1828, made a major
contribution to the professional education of
women” (Koch, 69). Booker T. Washington
also made contributions by being “an
African American teacher, who in 1881
became the first head of what was then
called the Tuskegee Normal School for
Colored Teachers in Tuskegee,
Alabama” (Koch, 69). This broke “down
gender stereotypes in school” (Koch, 69)…
is not only good for the teachers but also to
set a good role model for the students.

23. Fundamental views of
educational philosophers
Maxine Greene and John
Dewey
The progressive philosophies of John Dewey and Maxine
Greene share a number of fundamental views:
The arts are
creative tools that can
expose children to new
perspectives and new ways
of communicating.
Learning is an experiential
process. Students learn by
interacting with material in
intellectual and sometimes
manipulative ways; that is what
“learning by doing” means.
All
forms of education
should emphasize learning by
inquiry-a process in which
students ask meaningful
questions and then seek their
own answers” (Koch,
Making connections with
social issues should be central
to school curricula.

24. Inclusion
•Partial Inclusion
• The practice of
educating
students with
disabilities in
regular classrooms
alongside non-
disabled students.
• A classroom
where the
students with
special education
are included in
the general
education only
some of the time.
Self Contained
•A classroom
specifically for the
students with special
needs.
Inclusion

25. After learning about education in the
Colonies, historic events, historic
educational people, we now have an
overview of Schooling in America and
what made Education the way it is
today. All of the past events to this day
influence Education and will continue
to.
Conclusion

26. Sources
http://www.clipartpanda.com/categories/black-church-clip-art
http://ol.tfsd.org
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/24/books/review/the-
teacher-wars-by-dana-goldstein.html?_r=0
http://www.freepptbackgrounds.net/education
Koch, Janice. "Chapter 3." So You Want to Be a Teacher?:
Teaching and Learning in the 21st Century. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 2009. N. pag. Print
www.clipartbest.com