The cylinder head determines key engine properties like power output, torque, and emissions. Cylinder heads require materials with high mechanical properties above 150°C due to the complex shapes and high stresses during operation. For passenger cars, aluminum is commonly used due to its properties, while cast iron is used for larger engines. Modern cylinder heads, especially for direct injection diesel engines, require alloys with high tensile strength, creep resistance up to 250°C, thermal conductivity, and ductility to withstand thermal stresses. Common casting methods include sand casting, permanent mold casting, lost foam, and pressure die-casting, using cast iron or aluminum alloys.

1. CYLINDER HEAD CASTING

3. CYLINDER HEAD CASTING
• The cylinder head of an engine determines the engine's
properties in terms of operating behavior, e.g. power
output, torque and exhaust gas emission behavior, fuel
consumption and acoustics, like almost no other
component assembly of the engine.
• Cylinder heads for combustion engines place high
requirements on the mechanical properties of the
materials above 150°C.
• The complexity of the shape and also the level of the
stress that occurs during operation have increased
considerably in the newly developed cylinder heads for
direct injection diesel engines in particular.

4. • Different materials are used to produce cylinder heads
depending on the requirements profile of the engines and the
casting method used.
• In addition to aluminum, it is also possible to use cast iron
materials for large engines and commercial vehicles. With
only few exceptions, aluminum is the material that is used in
the area of passenger car engines.
• in the case of ignition pressures → 150 bar, specific alloys are
needed that must meet highest requirements in terms of
– High tensile strength and high creep resistance at temperatures
between room temperature and 250°C
– High thermal conductivity
– Low porosity
– High ductility and elasticity with high thermal shock resistance
– Good casting properties and low susceptibility to hot cracks

5. • Nowadays, the following casting methods are
widely spread:
• Sand casting
• Permanent mold casting
• Lost foam method
• Pressure die-casting method
• Materials:-
– Cast iron
– Aluminium alloys