This document provides an overview of the approach to a child presenting with vomiting. It begins with definitions of related terms like nausea, retching, vomiting, regurgitation and rumination. It then discusses the major neurophysiological pathways that can induce nausea and vomiting. The document outlines the etiologies of vomiting including central and peripheral causes. It emphasizes taking a thorough history and physical exam to determine the underlying cause and guides the evaluation and management. Common causes and presentations of vomiting are reviewed for different age groups from neonates to children and adolescents. Potential complications and treatment principles focused on the etiology are also summarized.
This presentation describes the total and partial intestinal atresia, its clinical features and diagnosis. in addition, this presentation include the definition of esophageal atresia, its classification, diagnosis and treatment.
This presentation describes the total and partial intestinal atresia, its clinical features and diagnosis. in addition, this presentation include the definition of esophageal atresia, its classification, diagnosis and treatment.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders in chn of early agePaul Cudjoe Sakpaku
Many parents are worried about behavioral and physical changes in their children. Some of these changes are normal accompaniments of the child's development as symptoms disappear later in life. Some of these changes can be reversed by careful and constant monitory on the part of the mother or care-giver.
In this slide, you can understand the concept of Nausea and vomiting normally called "puke.''
Difference between Nausea and vomiting.
Causes of Vomiting.
Diet in Vomiting
Treatment in Vomiting.
Treatment of Vomiting in Pregnancy.
PPT download link.
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1beZMVQ75fdiGJlJDbGJKK3MGio6zgpLfTu9flkBSutk
Video Link:
https://youtu.be/ZvUiGpjt3zc
Functional gastrointestinal disorders in chn of early agePaul Cudjoe Sakpaku
Many parents are worried about behavioral and physical changes in their children. Some of these changes are normal accompaniments of the child's development as symptoms disappear later in life. Some of these changes can be reversed by careful and constant monitory on the part of the mother or care-giver.
In this slide, you can understand the concept of Nausea and vomiting normally called "puke.''
Difference between Nausea and vomiting.
Causes of Vomiting.
Diet in Vomiting
Treatment in Vomiting.
Treatment of Vomiting in Pregnancy.
PPT download link.
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1beZMVQ75fdiGJlJDbGJKK3MGio6zgpLfTu9flkBSutk
Video Link:
https://youtu.be/ZvUiGpjt3zc
Nausea-vomiting
By nader al-assadi
Vomiting (emesis) is the oral expulsion of gastrointestinal contents due to gut and thoracoabdominal wall contractions.
Nausea is the subjective feeling of a need to vomit.
regurgitation, the effortless passage of gastric contents into the mouth.
Rumination is the repeated regurgitation of food residue, which may be rechewed and reswallowed. In contrast to emesis, these phenomena exhibit volitional control.
Indigestion is a term encompassing a range of complaints including nausea, vomiting, heartburn, regurgitation, and dyspepsia .
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to CareVITASAuthor
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
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Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
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Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
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NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Trauma Outpatient Center is a comprehensive facility dedicated to addressing mental health challenges and providing medication-assisted treatment. We offer a diverse range of services aimed at assisting individuals in overcoming addiction, mental health disorders, and related obstacles. Our team consists of seasoned professionals who are both experienced and compassionate, committed to delivering the highest standard of care to our clients. By utilizing evidence-based treatment methods, we strive to help our clients achieve their goals and lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.
Our mission is to provide a safe and supportive environment where our clients can receive the highest quality of care. We are dedicated to assisting our clients in reaching their objectives and improving their overall well-being. We prioritize our clients' needs and individualize treatment plans to ensure they receive tailored care. Our approach is rooted in evidence-based practices proven effective in treating addiction and mental health disorders.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
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1. Approach to the
Child with Vomiting
By
Dr. C. Kannan,
1st year PG, Pediatrics Department, MGMCRI
2. Nausea
The unpleasant sensation of the imminent need to vomit,
Usually referred to the throat or epigastrium
A sensation that may or may not ultimately lead to the act of vomiting.
Retching
muscular activity of the abdomen and thorax, often voluntarily
leading to forced inspiration against a closed mouth and glottis
without oral discharge of gastric contents
Vomiting
Forceful oral expulsion of gastric contents associated with
contraction of the abdominal and chest wall musculature.
Regurgitation
The act by which food is brought back into the mouth.
without the abdominal and diaphragmatic muscular activity.
Rumination
Food that is regurgitated in the postprandial period, re-chewed and then
re-swallowed (psychological)
3. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
There are four major pathways by which nausea and vomiting are induced,
Vagal afferents
Abdominal vagal afferents are involved in the emetic response.
Can be evoked by either mechanical or chemo-sensory sensations.
Examples of sensations that trigger this pathway include over distension, food
poisoning, mucosal irritation, cytotoxic drugs, and radiation.
Area postrema
Chemotrigger receptor zone
Vestibular system
It involved in the emetic response to motion
Exacerbated by visual sensations, Irritation or labyrinthine inflammation.
Amygdala
5. INTRODUCTION TO APPROACH
A standardized approach is not recommended
Vomiting may be caused by many pathologic states involving several
systems including
Gastrointestinal,
Neurologic,
Renal, and
Psychiatric
The best course of action should be dictated by the medical history.
6. History of presenting illness
Characteristics of vomitus
Smell
Quantity
Colour
Blood - Bright red/dark red/coffee-ground
Bilious
Timing - Onset, Duration, Frequency and Time of day
Triggers / Associated symptoms
Diarrhoea
Fever
Abdominal pain/distension
Anorexia
Stool frequency
Urinary output
Headache
Vertigo
Lethargy
Stiff neck
Cough
Sore throat
7. Past medical history
Chronic illnesses like Diabetes
Travel history (infectious gastroenteritis)
Recent head trauma
Toxin exposure
Medications
Allergies
8. Few important interpretations of history
Undigested Achalasia
Bilious Post ampullary obstruction
Blood or coffee ground Gastritis , Ulcer
Bloody after forceful vomiting Mallory wiess tear
Malodorous Stasis with bacterial overgrowth
Feculent Obstruction
Force of vomiting
Forceless Regurgitation , gastroesophagial reflux
Projectile Pyloric stenosis, obstruction, metabolic disease
9. Temporal associations of chronic or recurrent vomitting
Temporal associations Diagnosis
Time of day
Early morning increased ICP, sinusitis with postnasal mucous, pregnancy, uremia
(headache, papilledema, sinus tenderness, secondary amenorrhea)
During or after meals peptic ulcer disease, reflux(epigastric pain, heart burn)
for specific foods(Heredetary fructose intolerance,
galactocemia, metabolic inborn error, cows milk intolerance, etc.,
After fasting
food vomitted gastric obstruction
food not vomitted metabolic disease
12. Others
Lack of nausea CNS mass
Esophagial pain Esophagitis
Diarrhea Infectious enteritis
Abdominal peristaltis Obstruction, pyloric stenosis
Peritoneal signs Surgical abdomen, perforated appendicitis
Jaundice Hepatobiliary etiology or urinary tract infection in a neonate
Surgical scars Obstruction secondaryto adhesions
Early morning vomiting Pregnancy and CNS mass
Vomiting with meals
Peptic ulcer disease,
Psychogenic disease,
Disproportionate hypotention,
Hyperkalemia,
Adrenal crisis
13. Prolonged vomiting
>12 hours in a neonate,
>24 hours in children younger than two years of age, or
>48 hours in older children should not be ignored.
Screening laboratory tests should include
Complete blood count
Electrolytes,
Blood urea nitrogen,
Amylase, lipase,
Liver function tests,
Urinalysis, urine culture, and stool studies for occult blood
Leukocytes, and parasites.
Additional testing should be based upon the history and physical
examination
14. Clues on physical examination
Certain physical findings may offer diagnostic clues
Which aids in narrowing the differential diagnosis:
A tense, bulging fontanel in a neonate or young infant
Increases the level of suspicion for meningitis.
Projectile vomiting in an infant three to six weeks of age suggests
Pyloric stenosis
Ambiguous genitalia and/or hyperkalemia suggest the possibility of
Adrenal crisis (usually due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia).
15. An unusual odor emanating from the patient should prompt an investigation for
Metabolic causes of vomiting.
Marked distension, visible bowel loops, absent bowel sounds, green or yellow bile, or
increased "rumbling" bowel sounds should raise suspicion for
Intestinal obstruction.
Enlarged parotid glands in an adolescent should raise suspicion for
Bulimia
Vomiting in association with trauma should prompt imaging studies
To rule out intracranial or intra abdominal injury.
Hypotension disproportionate to the apparent illness and/or hyperkalemia suggests
The possibility of adrenal crisis
Headache, positional triggers for vomiting, lack of nausea on awakening should suggests
The possibility of intracranial hypertension
16. Most common causes of vomiting in Neonates
Physiologic reflux or GERD
Pyloric stenosis
Necrotising enterocolitis
Malrotation with midgut volvulus
Gastroenteritis
Hirshprung disease
Congenital atresias, stenosis, web
Metabolic disorders
Feeding intolerance
17. Common causes of vomitting in Infants (1 month to 1 year)
Acute
Gastroenteritis
Pyloric stenosis
Hirschsprung’s disease
Acutely evolving surgical abdomen
Congenital atresias and stenosis
Malrotation
Intussusception
Sepsis and non-GI infection
Metabolic disorders
Chronic
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Food intolerance
Congenital atresias and stenosis
Malrotation
Intussusception
19. COMPLICATIONS OF VOMITTING
Nutrition Adults - weight loss, kids - Failure to gain weight/grow
Cutaneous Petechia, Purpura
Oropharyngeal Dental erosion, sore throat)
Esophageal Esophagitis / hematoma
GE junction M-W tears, rupture of esophagus (Borhaeve’s)
Metabolic Electrolyte, acid-base, water imbalance
Renal Pre-renal azotemia, ATN, hypokalemic nephropathy
Infection Spread of infection to close contacts and caregivers
(H. pylori, GI viruses)
20. TREATMENT
Treatment should be directed towards the underlying etiology.
Electrolyte abnormalities, metabolic abnormalities, and nutritional deficiencies should be
corrected.
Cognitive-behavioral interventions are useful for vomiting associated with functional
dyspepsia, adolescent rumination syndrome and bulimia.
Prokinetic medications such as metoclopramide, domperidone and erythromycin are
beneficial when there are abnormalities in esophago-gastric motility.
Antiemetics, which are useful in persistent vomiting to avoid electrolyte abnormalities or
nutritional sequelae, typically have not been recommended in the case of vomiting of
unknown etiology. These agents are contraindicated in infants .
Likewise, they are not indicated for anatomic abnormalities or surgical abdomen.
21. Instead, antiemetics are most useful for motion sickness, postoperative vomiting, cyclic
vomiting syndrome, and gastrointestinal motility disorders .
A single dose ondensetran may facilitate oral rehydration in children with gastroenteritis
who are unable to tolerate oral intake.