The document is a lecture on prepositions, detailing their definitions and classifications into simple, compound, and complex types. It explains the functions of prepositions, including those of place, time, and direction, along with their usage with adjectives, verbs, and nouns. Examples illustrate the various forms and contexts where prepositions are applied.

1. Preposition
Lecture No. 4 (ii)
Zafar Ullah, zafarullah76@gmail.com

2. Definition:-
Preposition is a word, which is used
before a noun, a noun phrase or a
pronoun, connecting it to another word.
2

3. 1.Simple Prepositions: Prepositions which
consist of only one word.
e.g. in, on, at, with, against etc..,
2.Compound Prepositions: Prepositions which
consist of two words.
e.g. into, above, beside,
3. Complex/ Phrase Prepositions: They have
3 words e.g. on account of
3

4. 1.Simple prepositions
Grammatical
At
By
for
From
In
Among
Before
Behind
Below
One syllable forms.
Occur frequently.
General conceptual
meaning.
Other simple prepositions carry
more specific meaning. Contribute
directly to the meaning of phrases in
which they occur.
Of
Off
On
To
With
Despite
During
Opposite
Toward(s)
Under
Lexical
4

5. 2. Compound Prepositions
• Inside
• Outside
• Beside
• Into
5

6. 3.Complex/ Phrase Prepositions
(Preposition) + Noun Phrase + Preposition
In accordance with
On account of
In addition to
On behalf of
In case of
By means of
For the purpose of
With reference to
For the sake of
In spite of
6

7. Kinds of Prepositions(Functions)
There are three types in prepositions
7

8. 1. Prepositions of Place
Some prepositions show where something happens.
They are called prepositions of place.
Examples:-
Jarree was sitting under a tree.
There’s a wooden floor underneath the carpet.
Some geese flew over their house.
Ayesha and Sarah were hiding inside the wardrobe.
There was a tree beside the river.
I have a friend who lives in America. 8

9. Preposition of Place
Point Surface Area
Connected
position
At E On E In E
Goal of
movement
To E On(to) In (to)
E
Source of
movement
(away)
from
E
Off Out of
Path of
movement
Past Along Through
E E
E E E 9

10. 2. Prepositions of Time
Some prepositions show when something happens. They
are called prepositions of time.
Examples:-
School starts at nine o’clock.
We’re going to the zoo on Saturday.
No, you can’t watch a video. It’s past your bedtime already.
I visited my grandparents during the summer.
You must finish the work by Friday.
I’ll do my homework before dinner.
10

11. 3. Prepositions of Direction
Some prepositions show where something is going.
They are called prepositions of direction.
The boys chased after each other.
The football rolled down the hill.
A man was walking his dog along the riverbank.
The subway goes right through the city.
We were travelling towards Mianwali.
11

12. Prepositions with Adjective ,Verbs .
Prepositions are used with some adjectives. The adjectives
in these examples are printed in color.
Dad was angry with us.
We were afraid of the big dog.
She’s not very interested in sports.
Ehtesham is very good at drawing.
Mr. Naeem is pleased with our work.
The teachers are always kind to us.
What’s wrong with the computer?
12

13. Prepositions are used with some verbs. The
verbs in these examples are printed in color.
I’m looking for my pencil. Have you seen it?
Can you think of another word for ‘pleased’?
Does this book belong to you?
We’re listening to music.
I agree with you.
Tell me about the show you saw.
Cut the cake into five pieces.
They borrowed money from the bank.
13

14. Prepositions are used with some nouns. The
nouns in these examples are printed in color.
What’s the answer to this question?
Is there a reason for this delay?
What’s the matter with you?
Here’s an example of good behaviour.
Congratulations on winning the competition!
Traffic can cause damage to the environment.
Prepositions with Nouns
14

15. 15
Find the prepositions in the
following sentences:
1) My favourite place to hide is under the kitchen
table.
2) If someone is already there, I usually try in the
bathroom closet.
3) If there is not enough room in the closet, I will
crawl under my bed.

16. 16
Answer
1) My favourite place to hide is under the kitchen
table.
2) If someone is already there, I usually try in the
bathroom closet.
3) If there is not enough room in the closet, I will
crawl under my bed.

17. Thank You