Alkali metals are elements found in Group 1 of the periodic table, including lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. They have low melting and boiling points, are soft, and become liquid or gas at room temperature as you move down the group. Their density increases as atomic mass increases more than atomic radius.

1. Defination
An alkali metal is any element other than hydrogen found in
the first column of the periodic table. These elements include
lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb),
cesium (Cs) and francium (Fr):
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2. The Group 17 elements ( F, Cl, Br, I, At)
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3. GROUP 1
( Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium,
Francium )
BOILING
BOILING
POINT
POINT
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DENSITY
DENSITY
GENERAL
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
MELTING
MELTING
POINT
POINT
3

4. Phase
Color
Physical Properties
*things that we can see
Density
Melting point
Boiling point
Atomic number
Atomic radii
Electronegativity
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5. Halogen
Atomic
number
Electron
Configuration
Atomic
radii (nm)
Electro
negativity
Flourine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
9
17
35
53
2.7
2.8.7
2.8.18.7
2.8.18.18.7
0.071
0.099
0.144
0.133
4.0
3.0
2.8
2.5
Atomic Number


The atomic number can be fined from periodic table
Example:
Atomic number
17
Cl

Down the group, atomic number will increase
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6. Atomic radii or Atomic Size




Based on atomic number.
Example : -F atomic number is 9 so that the
electron configuration is 2:7 .
This shows that F has 2 shells.
-I atomic number is 53, the electron
configuration is 2:8:18:18:7. This show that
has 5 shells.
-the size of I atom is bigger than F
Down the group the atomic radii or size is increase

F
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I
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7. Electronegativity
Is the power of outer electron attraction to the nucleus
Decrease going down a group
The large atomic number caused the large size
So that the outer most shell is far from the nucleus
Then the electronegativity is lower
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8. Density
 Has
lower density
 But density is increase when going down
the group
Melting and Boiling Point.
 Has
lower melting and boiling point
 Because of the lower Van der Waals
force between the molecule.
 But the melting and boiling point
increase when going down the group.
 Parallel to the density of each elements .
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9. Phase
 The phase changes from gaseous
to liquid to solid when going down
the group
 Because the melting and boiling
point is increase.
Halogen
Flourine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
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Phase
Gas
Gas
Liquid
Solid
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10. Colour
 Every
elements has different colours
Pale yellow gas
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Greenish
yellow gas
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11. Reddishbrown liquid
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Purplish-black
solid
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12. alkaline
water
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF HALOGEN GROUPS
metal
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13. Changes in Physical Properties
from Lithium to Potassium
Boiling point
decrease from Lithium to
Potassium
the metal bonding will weak
because of the increasing of
atomic size
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14. Changes in Physical Properties
Changes in Physical Properties
from Lithium Potassium
from Lithium toto Kalium
Melting point
decrease from Lithium to
Potassium
the metal bonding will weak
because of the increasing of
atomic size
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15. Changes in Physical Properties
from Lithium to Kalium
Density
increase from Lithium to
Potassium
the increasing of atomic mass is
higher than the increasing of
atomic radius
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16. Changes in Physical Properties
from Lithium to Potassium
Boiling/
Elements
Li
Na
K
Rb
Melting
Density
Point
D
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
Ce
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17. PHYSICAL
APPEARANCE
COL
OR
H DNE
AR
SS
Lithium
• Soft
( easily cut
with knife )
Sodium
• Grey
Potassium
Rubidium
Cesium
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18. Physical Appearance
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19. MELTING POINT
Li
BOILING POINT
DENSITY
181 ºC
1330 ºC
0.53g/cm3
98 ºC
892 ºC
0.97g/cm3
766 ºC
0.86g/cm3
2.1
Na
2.8.1
K
63 ºC
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2.8.8.1
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20. CONFIGURATIONS OF ELECTRON
2.1
2.8.1
2.8.8.1
2.8.18.8.1
2.8.18.18.8.1
2.8.18.18.18.8.1
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