IKALAWANG MARKAHANG PAGSUSULIT SA ARALING PANLIPUNAN 8
KASAYSAYAN NG DAIGDIG
REPUBLIKA NG ROME
KASAYSAYAN NG GREECE
MIDDLE AGE/ MEDIEVAL TIMES; FEUDALISM
IKALAWANG MARKAHANG PAGSUSULIT SA ARALING PANLIPUNAN 8
KASAYSAYAN NG DAIGDIG
REPUBLIKA NG ROME
KASAYSAYAN NG GREECE
MIDDLE AGE/ MEDIEVAL TIMES; FEUDALISM
Ang Panahon ng Prehistoriko, kilala rin bilang ang unang yugto ng kasaysayan ng tao, ay tumutukoy sa panahon bago ang kasulatan. Ito ay nahahati sa tatlong yugto: Paleolitiko (Lumang Bato), Mesolitiko (Gitnang Bato), at Neolitiko (Bagong Bato). Sa mga panahong ito, ang mga tao ay namumuhay sa pamamagitan ng pangangaso, pangingisda, at pagtitipon ng mga prutas at gulay. Sila rin ang nagpasimula ng agrikultura at paggawa ng mga kasangkapan mula sa bato at buto. Ang mga kaalaman at kultura ng tao sa panahong ito ay natutunan natin sa pamamagitan ng mga arkeolohikal na hukay at pag-aaral ng mga sinaunang labi at artepakto.
Ang Panahon ng Prehistoriko, kilala rin bilang ang unang yugto ng kasaysayan ng tao, ay tumutukoy sa panahon bago ang kasulatan. Ito ay nahahati sa tatlong yugto: Paleolitiko (Lumang Bato), Mesolitiko (Gitnang Bato), at Neolitiko (Bagong Bato). Sa mga panahong ito, ang mga tao ay namumuhay sa pamamagitan ng pangangaso, pangingisda, at pagtitipon ng mga prutas at gulay. Sila rin ang nagpasimula ng agrikultura at paggawa ng mga kasangkapan mula sa bato at buto. Ang mga kaalaman at kultura ng tao sa panahong ito ay natutunan natin sa pamamagitan ng mga arkeolohikal na hukay at pag-aaral ng mga sinaunang labi at artepakto.
Ang Panahon ng Prehistoriko, kilala rin bilang ang unang yugto ng kasaysayan ng tao, ay tumutukoy sa panahon bago ang kasulatan. Ito ay nahahati sa tatlong yugto: Paleolitiko (Lumang Bato), Mesolitiko (Gitnang Bato), at Neolitiko (Bagong Bato). Sa mga panahong ito, ang mga tao ay namumuhay sa pamamagitan ng pangangaso, pangingisda, at pagtitipon ng mga prutas at gulay. Sila rin ang nagpasimula ng agrikultura at paggawa ng mga kasangkapan mula sa bato at buto. Ang mga kaalaman at kultura ng tao sa panahong ito ay natutunan natin sa pamamagitan ng mga arkeolohikal na hukay at pag-aaral ng mga sinaunang labi at artepakto.
Ang Panahon ng Prehistoriko, kilala rin bilang ang unang yugto ng kasaysayan ng tao, ay tumutukoy sa panahon bago ang kasulatan. Ito ay nahahati sa tatlong yugto: Paleolitiko (Lumang Bato), Mesolitiko (Gitnang Bato), at Neolitiko (Bagong Bato). Sa mga panahong ito, ang mga tao ay namumuhay sa pamamagitan ng pangangaso, pangingisda, at pagtitipon ng mga prutas at gulay. Sila rin ang nagpasimula ng agrikultura at paggawa ng mga kasangkapan mula sa bato at buto. Ang mga kaalaman at kultura ng tao sa panahong ito ay natutunan natin sa pamamagitan ng mga arkeolohikal na hukay at pag-aaral ng mga sinaunang labi at artepakto.
Ang Panahon ng Prehistoriko, kilala rin bilang ang unang yugto ng kasaysayan ng tao, ay tumutukoy sa panahon bago ang kasulatan. Ito ay nahahati sa tatlong yugto: Paleolitiko (Lumang Bato), Mesolitiko (Gitnang Bato), at Neolitiko (Bagong Bato). Sa mga panahong ito, ang mga tao ay namumuhay sa pamamagitan ng pangangaso, pangingisda, at pagtitipon ng mga prutas at gulay. Sila rin ang nagpasimula ng agrikultura at paggawa ng mga kasangkapan mula sa bato at buto. Ang mga kaalaman at kultura
Republic of the Philippines
Abra State Institute of Science and Technology
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Bangued Campus, Bangued Abra
CURRICULUM IMPROVEMENT
2nd semester SY; 2021-2022
Submitted by: Lolain B. Balao-as
Richard Bartolo
Submitted to: Ma. Rita Valera Flores
Professor
What is Curriculum Improvement?
It is the process of constantly improving instruction based on the need of students. It enhances teaching and learning.
LEVELS OF CURRICULUM IMPROVEMENT
1. Departmentalized
- This approach is the traditional model of separate and district disciplines taught in isolation from each other. Students travel to six or seven subjects a day, each not conceptually connected to others.
2. Reinforcement
- Skill instruction, concept or activities are rearranged and resequenced to reinforce a similar skill or concept across two or more disciplines
3. Complementary
- The level of curriculum integration on the original synthesized continuum was referred to as “complementary or shared units of the study”.
4. Webbed
- Connections and webs are made between curriculum contents and disciplines relative to a productive team, subject use them to sift out appropriate concept, topics and ideas
- Sometime called interdisciplinary units.
5. Integrated learning
- This level of curriculum integration on the original synthesized continuum was referred to as “integrated themes”
LEVEL DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
Supra International -Common European Framework of Reference for Language usually “generic” in nature
- examination program; e.g. Third International Mathematics and science study of Programme for International student Assessment or Progress in International Reading Literacy study
Macro Provincial, national, regional -Intended core objective( specified in a curriculum framework and/or program of studies
- authorized learning and teaching resources
-attainment levels
-examination programs
Meso School jurisdiction, school -School program (locally developed courses)
-educational program with an emphasis on specialized school based activities( e.g, specific focus on arts, sports or academics)
- site specific learning and teaching materials developed and accessed.
Micro Classroom, teacher -instruction plan for module or course
-learning and teaching materials
Nano Student, individual -individualized learning plan
-individualized course of learning or learner pathways
APPROACHES TO CURRICULUM IMPROVEMENT
1. Behavioral Approach
- This is based on the blueprint where goals and objective are specified contents and activities are also rearranged to match with the learning objectives. The learning outcome are evaluated in terms of goals and objectives set at the beginning. This approach started with the idea of Frederick Taylor which aimed to achieve efficiency
2. Managerial Approach
- In this approach, the principal is the curriculum leader who is supposed to be the general manager. The general manager sets the policies and priorities established th
LOLAIN B. BALAO-AS FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION
MaEd
Reaction on current system of Philippine Education on humanism and reformation.
1. A Moral Recovery Program: Building a People--Building a Nation by Patricia Licuanan | OurHappySchool (https://ourhappyschool.com/esp-values-education)
The article entitled A Moral Recovery Program Building a People- Building a Nation by Patricia Licuanan is demonstrate the different values and characters Filipinos have. It explains the practices each Filipinos possess that affects the social, cultural, political and religious well-being of a person. To further understand the interrelationship of this article on current system of Philippine Education on humanism and reformation, let me explain the meaning of humanism and reformation.
According to Kendra Cherry, humanism is a philosophy that stresses the importance of human factors rather than looking at religious, divine or spiritual matters. Humanism is rooted in the idea that people have ethical responsibility to lead lives that re personally fulfilling while at the same time contributing to the greater good for all people. Humanism stresses the importance of human values and dignity. It proposes that people can resolve problem through the use of science and reason. Rather than looking to religious traditions, humanism instead focuses on helping people live well, achieve personal growth and make the world a better place. (https://www.thefreedictionary.com/reformation)
Reformation is the act or instance of reforming or the state of being reformed. A religious and political movement of the 16th century Europe that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant Churches. Reformation is purge an organization or corruption and inefficiency, frequently used of government agencies. (https://www.thefreedictionary.com/reformation)
In the article, the author explains the strengths of the Filipino character and values that builds on the humanistic traits of every Filipino. Values as a people and as a nation that give the identity that differentiates one race from the others. These values may improve or hinder the development and progress but nonetheless, with unity of diversity development and progress are achievable. A Filipino holds strength that most other nationalities admire but there are also weakness that makes him a laughing stock of its foreign neighbors. These are the strengths of Filipinos according to Licuanan. First, close kinship. A Filipino considers family as an important social structure. That they must love and care. Close family ties result to the family still being intact regardless of children are old and with families of their own. Second, respect for elders. The use of “po” and “opo” of conversing or addressing older is a sign of a Filipino respect for elders. Filipinos do not send their elders to nursing homes because they still value the worth and presence of the elders at home. “Pagmama
Name: LOLAIN B. BALAO-AS Date: August 21, 2022
TOPIC: TEAM BUILDING
_______________________________________________________________________
I. SUMMARY
Creating an excellent team demands a lot of skills and presence of mind. Companies are usually needing managers/leaders that specialize in team-building. A manager/leader’s role is responsible to find out the strengths and weaknesses of the team members to redress the people with different skill sets. He looks forward to developing strong interpersonal relations and trust among the team members. He must boost communication and interaction among the team members and also reduce stress with the help of various team-building activities.
The goals and objectives of the organization must be clearly defined for the team members. Each team member must have a specific role to be directed towards the achievement of the organizational goals.
II. CONTENT REPORT
TEAM BUILDING
- It is a management technique used for improving the efficiency and performance of the workgroups through various activities. It involves a lot of skills, analysis and observation for forming a strong and capable team. The whole sole motive here is to achieve the organization’s vision and objectives.
TEAM BUILDING PROCESS
- It is not a one-time act.
- It is a step process that aims at bringing a desirable change in the organization
1. Identify the Need for Team Building
The manager has first to analyze the requirement of a team for completing a particular task. It should find out the purpose of the work to be performed, required skills for the job ad its complexity before forming a team.
2. Define Objectives and Required Set of Skills
Organizational objective and the skills needed to fulfill
3. Consider Team Roles
The leader/manager considers the various aspects, i.e. the interactions among the individuals, their roles and responsibilities, strengths and weaknesses, composition, and suitability of the possible team members.
4. Determine a Team Building Strategy
The manager has to understand the operational framework well to ensure effective team building. He must himself be assured of the objectives, roles, responsibilities, duration, availability of resources, training, the flow of information, feedback, and building trust in the team.
5. Develop a Team of Individuals
At this stage, the individuals are collected to form a team together. Each member is made familiar with his roles and responsibilities within the team.
6. Establish and Communicate the Rules
The rules regarding the reporting of team members, meeting schedules, and decision-making within the team are discussed. The individuals are encouraged to ask questions and give their views to develop open and healthy communication in the team.
7. Identify Individual’s Strengths
Various team-building exercises are conducted to bring out the strengths of the individuals. It also helps in familiarizing the team members with each other’s strengths and weakne
Name: LOLAIN B. BALAO-AS Date: August 14, 2022
TOPIC: THE LADDERIZED EDUCATION PROGRAM
_______________________________________________________________________
I. Summary (100-150 Words)
After graduating from high school, students believed that to achieve a high-paying job, one must earn a college degree and get a diploma. However, times have changed and graduates must comply with requirements as an alternative strategy. Yearly, many college graduates enter tertiary schools carrying the goal of developing their individual economic status. Few would graduate and most would not. Some graduates would succeed in landing a good job and the rest will remain unemployed. Considering the fact that, employers search and choose for graduates who are not just college degree holders but rather with practical skills.
The ladderized program in the Philippines according to Executive Order 358 gives authority to Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) and Commission Higher Education (CHED) to develop and implement a Ladderized Education System that allows for easier transformation between technical-vocational and college courses.
Ladderized is a balanced combination of all education and training mechanisms that allow students and workers to progress. This program simply means that you need to begin admission in a technical-vocational program and work at the same time.
The subjects taken in the technical-vocational program can be credited in the college program should you decide to pursue a college bachelor’s degree. The program aims to empower the youth to climb the ladder or success and release themselves from poverty and train them to become globally competitive (E.Mallari).
II. Body (Content Report)
What is Ladderized Education?
It is a new system of education in the Philippines that allow learners to progress between Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and college and vice-versa.
What is Executive Order 358?
Executive Order 358, promulgated by former Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on September 15, 2014, provides the mandate and legal framework for wider-scale and accelerated implementation Ladderized Education nationwide.
Why Ladderized Education?
It provides the Tech-Voc graduate with Gateway entry points to a College Degree Program where he can earn appropriate equivalent credits for provides learning acquired in Tech-Voc.
The Different Ways by which the Student Can Move Between TVET and College Education
• Credit Transfer from the Tech-Voc to college and Articulation
• Embedded Tech-Voc Qualification in Ladderized Degree Program (Credit Units given from College to Tech-Voc)
Under Ladderization, TESDA can help you in many ways.
a. Helping you acquire the skills for a job
b. Providing you credit units earned in TECH-VOC courses that colleges and University may recognize as equivalent credit units for their College Degree Program
Ladderized Education will be Implemented in 8 Discipline
a. Agricu
Ang Kawayan (Ang Kalasag ng Kabataan, Lagitik ng Katotohanan)Bryan Ben Orcenado
Ang Opisyal na Pahayagan ng Mataas na Paaralan ng Madrid Surigao del Sur Division
Tomo 1 Bilang 1 │ Agosto 2023 - Mayo 2024. Ang pampaaralang pahayagang ito ay kuwalipikado para sa National Schools Press Conference 2024 na gaganapin sa Carcar City, Cebu ngayong Hulyo.
5. Tayo’y magbalik
3. Tumutukoy sa bahagdan ng populasyong walang hanap buhay
SAGOT: UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
U N M P O Y M N T
R T E
6. Layunin
Pamantayan ng Pagkatuto
NATATALAKAY ANG KONSEPTO NG KABIHASNAN AT MGA KATANGIAN NITO (AP7KSA-II-
1.3
Matapos ang aralin, ang mga mag-aaral ay inaasahang:
A. Naihahambing ang kabihasnan at sibilisasyon
B. Naitatala ang mga salik sa pagbuo ng kabihasnan
C. Nakalalahok ng masigla sa talakayan
7. PINAGMULAN NG MGA UNANG TAO SA ASYA AT DAIGDIG
Artifacts- anumang kasangkapang ginamit ng tao
Fossils- anumang tumigas na labi ng mga halaman, hayop at tao
DALAWANG ASPETONG PINAGBATAYAN NA PINAGMULAN NG TAO.
1. EBOLUSYONG BAYOLOHIKAL- pagbabago sa pisikal ng tao tulad ng paglaki ng bungo at maging ang paglalakad at
posisyon ng katawan
2. EBOLUSYONG KULTURAL- mga kasangkapang ginamit ng mga sinaunang tao
8. Teorya ng Ebolusyon ng Tao
Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1809)- French biologist
Charles Darwin at A.R Wallace noong 1858
-pinag ibayo ni Darwin ang pagpapaliwanag sa kanyang aklat na Origin of Species (1859)
9. HOMINID- mga kabilang sa pamilya (hominidae) ng bipedal primate mammal na
kinabibilangan ng pinakamodernong tao
- silangan bahagi ng Africa
TATLON PANGKAT:
1. Ardipithecus Ramidus-
2. Australopithecus
3. Homo
10. 1. Ardipithecus Ramidus- hango sa wika ng Afar Ethopia na ardi na nangangahulugang
ground floor.
Ramid- nangangahulugang root
Chimpanzee (dahil sa ngipin) tao (dahil sa pagiging bipedal)
11. 2. AUSTRALOPITHECINE- wikang Latin “Southern Ape”
- ito ay nagtataglay ng magkaparehong katangiang tao at bakulaw
-sinasabing mga ninuno ng makabaong tao
12. 2. HOMO- Latin “tao”
-mas malalaking utak at may kakayahang makalikha ng mga kagamitan
TATLONG SPECIES
a. Homo Habilis (handy man)
b. Homo erectus (upright man)
c. Homo sapiens (wise man)
14. YUGTO NG PAGUNLAD NG PAMUMUHAY NG MGA
UNANG ASYANO
A. PANAHON NG LUMANG BATO o PALEOLITIKO
B. PANAHONG MESOLITIKO
C. PANAHON NG BAGONG BATO O NEOLITIKO
15. A. PANAHON NG LUMANG BATO o PALEOLITIKO
Nabuhay ang mga Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus at Homo sapiens
PALEO- nangangahulugang “luma”
LITHOS- nangangahulugang “bato”
• Nomadiko (walang permanenteng tirahan) o sa yungib tumitira
• Gumagamit ng kamay di kagaya ng hayop
• Nakapagsalita at nakatanggap ng anumang impormasyon
• Mas Malaki ang utak bung ng pagiging mas matalino sa mga hayop
• Nakakalakad na ng maayos at may pisikal na katangian
• Mga gamit na yari sa matatalim na bato at graba
• Gumagamit ng apoy
20. A. PANAHON NG LUMANG BATO o PALEOLITIKO
• Kapag nabasag ang bato maaari na itong gamitin na pantapyas, basta’t may talim ang mga ito
• Tinawag nila itong FLAKED STONE TOOL o TINAPYAS NA KASANGKAPANG BATO
21. A. PANAHON NG LUMANG BATO o PALEOLITIKO
• Nagsimula ang relihiyon at pagsamba sa inaakalang higit na makapangyarihan sa
kanila
22. A. PANAHON NG LUMANG BATO o PALEOLITIKO
• Nagsimula ang relihiyon at pagsamba sa inaakalang higit na makapangyarihan sa
kanila
23. B. PANAHONG MESOLITIKO
• Nangangahulugang Gitnang panahon ng bato
• Meso – nangangahulugang “gitna”
• Lithos- “bato”
• Panahon ng pagproprodyus
24. B. PANAHONG NEOLITIKO
• Napag-aralang gumamit ng matalas, makinis at matulis na
kasangkapang yari sa bato
• Natutong magsaka at mag-alaga ng hayop
• Namuhay sa permanenteng lugar
• Naging malikhain gaya ng pagahabi ng tela, paggawa ng lutuan, basket,
palayok at gamit sa bahay
• Namuhay na magkasama na naging sanhi ng pagkabuo ng isang
pamayanan, pagkakaroon ng lider at pagtatag ng organisadong
pamahalaan
27. C. PANAHON NG NEOLITIKO – BAGONG BATO
• Huling bahagi ng panahong bato
• Hango sa salitang Greek na “neos” o bago
• Lithos- “bato”
• Nagsimula matanim at magsaka ang tao
• Naging permanente ang paninirahan
• Pagpapalayok at paggawa ng bricks
• Pinakinis ang magaspang na bato
• 3000-6000 katao
• Ginamit ang kabayo, baka at aso bilang tagahila ng paragos o sleigh
• Nagsimula ang sistemang barter o pagpapalitan ng produkto ng mga
pagkat tao
28. C. PANAHON NG NEOLITIKO – BAGONG BATO
• Konsepto ng palengke
30. C. PANAHON NG NEOLITIKO – BAGONG BATO
-Catal Huyuk- isang pamayanang Neolitiko matatagpuan sa kapatagan
ng Konya gitang Anatolia (Turkey ngayon).
-magkakadikit ang mga dingding ng kabahayan at tabing
pasukan ng using bahay mula sa bubungan pababa sa hagdan
Inililibing ang kanilang yumao sa loon ng kanilang
bahay.
31. C. PANAHON NG NEOLITIKO – BAGONG BATO
Cacao bilang paraan ng pamalit sa palengke sa Mesopotamia (Iraq)
32. PANAHON NG METAL
a. Panahon ng Tanso
b. Panahon ng Bronse
c. panahon ng bakal
• Gumagamit ng bagay na yari sa metal (tanso o copper)
• Gumagwa ng mga mamahaling bagay gaya ng alahas at kagamitang pandigma
• Nakaimbento ng bronze, pinaghalong metal na tanso at metal na tin
• Nalalikha ng mga kagamitang pansaka at kagamitang panlaban o mga armas na may
matatalim na bahagi
• Sa China, gumagawa sila ng mga gamit pang –alay sa mga diyos at mga bariles na mula s bronse
• Nadiskubre din ang iron o bakal