The document discusses the concept of Gender and Development (GAD), which emerged in the 1980s to replace the previous "women in development" focus. GAD examines how social, economic, political and cultural forces influence how men and women participate in and benefit from development. It focuses on gender relations and aims to design programs that promote gender equality and women's empowerment. The document also outlines some international policies and legislation that support GAD implementation, including CEDAW, and discusses concepts like gender, development, and gender mainstreaming.

1. «GAD»
GENDER AND
DEVELOPEMENT
By Tanju Ayşe Oflaz
05.08.2014

2. The GAD approach emerged in the 80’s to replace
the women in development focus. GAD is not only
concerned with women but also is concerned with
the social construction of gender and their
assignments.
Gender and Development focuses on social,
economic, political and cultural forces that
determine how differently men and women
participate in, benefit from, and control the
resourses and activities. Also focuses on the socially
determined relations between men and women.
Sourse; Virginia L.Olano

3. GAD
 Focuses on gender relations
 Designs developing programs to respond to gender
issues
 Commits to the goal of gender equality and women’s
empowerment and improvement

4. POLICIES SUPPORTING
GAD IMPLEMENTATION
 CEDAW –Convention on the Elimination off all
Forms of Discriminations Against Women
- Adapted by United Nations general Assembly in
1979 –came into force in 1981 and 180 out of 191
countries worldwide signed the treaty in March
2005.
 RA 7192 – An act promoting the integration of
women as full equal partners of men in
development and nation building.
 RA 7811- Anti-sexual Harassment Law signed in 1995
 ODA(Official Development Assistance)- That
supports programs and activities for women

5. POLICIES SUPPORTING
GAD IMPLEMENTATION
Other Legislations that show the growing concern for
the improvement of the status of women;
Some examples to these are ;
RA 6949- Declares March 8 of every year as a working holiday
to be known as National Women’s Day
RA 7322- Increases the maternity benefits of women in the
private sector.
RA 7655 – Increases the minimum wage of domestic helpers

6. CONCEPTS &
DEFINITIONS
WHAT IS GENDER?
The state of being male or female (typically used with
reference to social and cultural differences rather than
biological ones) (Oxford Dictionary)
In other words;
*That makes one masculine or feminine
*It is socially determined
*Culturally defined
*and changes due to cultures ,places,and time

7. CONCEPTS &
DEFINITIONS
WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT?
A specified state of growth.
An event constituting a new stage in a changing situation.
(Oxford dictionary)
When applied to GAD ;
A development is about attaining a full and satisfying life
for all that is shared in a responsibility.

8. CONCEPTS &
DEFINITIONS
RESPONSIBILITY HERE DEFINES
*The capacity to do ,
*The capacity to be.

9. CONCEPTS &
DEFINITIONS
CAPACITY = ABILITY OR POWER
*To do a satisfiying work,
*To care for others
*To be productive,
*To have control on incomes and benefit from those
*To be knowledgeable
*To be well-nourished
*To be confident
*To be comfortable with achievements, independence
and power

10. CONCEPTS &
DEFINITIONS
WHAT IS CULTURE?
The distinctive patters of ideas, beliefs, and norm which
characterise the way of life and relations of society or group
within a society
GENDER DISCRIMINATION;
The systematic, uunfavourable treatment of individuals on
the basis of their gender, which denies them rights,
opportunities or recourses .
GENDER RELATIONS ;
Hierarchical relations of power between men and women
that tend to disadvantage women.

11. GENDER ISSUES
‘’ All the humans born free and equal ‘’
Gender issues affect all us, but instead of solving these
issues,we all contribute to their perpetuation.
The problems that both male and females experience is a
result of the cultures and the societies they live in, the
roles that they have to play,the rights they can hold
‘’ YET WOMEN STILL STRUGGLE !! ‘’

12. GENDER EQUALITY
Gender equality is;
 To own land,
 Manage a property,
 To be equal in voice,
 Travel freely,
 To be free from harm,violence,
 and from security risks,
 Capacity to borrow and obtain loans,
 Access to all private and government sector programs,
 Membership in clubs,
 Admission to military schools,
 ETC..
Sorce: NCFRW2003, Mainstreaming Gender in Development Planning Framework and Guidelines

13. EQUALITY??

14. WHAT IS GENDER
MAINSTREAMING?
• Strategy to ensure women’s and men’s
concerns and experiences are included in
the design, implementation and evaluation
of policies and programs
 Goal: achieving gender equality

15. GENDER INEQUALITY

16. GENDER INEQUALITY

17. WOMEN AND POVERTY
Gender violence is any act or threat by men or male-dominated
institutions, that inflicts physical, sexual, or
psychological harm on a women or girls because of their
gender.
* There are at least 60 to 100 million missing women
** In every country where reliable, large-scale studies have
been conducted, results indicate that between 10% and 50%
of women report they have been physically abused by an
intimate partner in their lifetime.
*** interpersonal violence was the tend leading cause of
death for women 15-44 years of age in 1998

18. WHAT ABOUT TURKEY?
Population in Turkey due to Gender and
Age
Blue: Men
Black: Women(Source :TUIK-Turkey)

19. WHAT ABOUT TURKEY?
People in Turkey work 1 855 hours a
year, more than the OECD average of 1 765
hours. Around 43% of employees work very
long hours, much higher than the OECD
average of 9%, with 47% of men working
very long hours compared with 33% for
women.

20. WHAT ABOUT TURKEY?
In 2013, women's rights groups
estimated that 28,000 women were
exposed to violence, and horrifically
214 were killed, pushing the figure
murdered to nearly 1,000 over the
past four years.

21. “Everything we see in the
world is the creative work
of women.”
― Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Ataturk: First President and
Founder of the Turkish Republic

23. Thank you 
Tanju Ayşe Oflaz
05.08.2014