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9. twin waters Panbonis.pptx
- 1. Concepts in Vitamin D nutrition Alister MacDonald
- 2. Challenges in modern genetics • Layers: Mid to late lay performance • Egg quality, eggshell strength, persistency of lay, saleable eggs & FCR • Wing breaks, leg breaks, osteoporosis, culls, mortality % • Breeder broilers: Older flocks • Egg shell quality, laying performance, hatchability & embryo mortality • Sow: Parity? • Farrowing time, Litter uniformity, ovulation, implantation • Not to mention other variables affecting Vit D synthesis…. Mycotoxins, heat stress, fatty liver, spotty liver, inflammation etc. What are the associated costs to you??
- 4. Organ function 1,25 conversion is impaired 50% when comparing a 90 week old bird and a 30 week old bird. Cracked eggs increased from 0% at 30 weeks to 58.6% at 120 weeks
- 5. Organ function 1-a Hydroxylase • Decreased conversion of 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3. 1,25(OH)2D3 • Ca absorption in blood and target tissue decrease (VDR downregulated in GIT) • Binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 to VDR’s controls genes for Ca absorption in intestinal and renal transport. Leads to…. • Ca as CaCO3 on membrane for egg shell development decreases: Potential for decrease in egg quality, egg shell strength etc. Increased bacterial proliferation, embryo mortality, poor hatchability (breeders)
- 6. if 1,25 does not bind to VDR there is no infrastructure present to facilitate Ca absorption within the intestines. Cascade of events is limited without complex forming.
- 7. Organ function 1-a Hydroxylase • Converts 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 1,25(OH)2D3 • Ca absorption in blood and target tissue decrease (VDR downregulated in jejunum) • Binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 to VDR’s controls genes for Ca absorption in intestinal and renal transport. Leads to…. • Ca as CaCO3 on membrane for egg shell development: Potential decrease in egg quality, egg shell strength etc. • Increased bacterial proliferation, embryo mortality, poor hatchability (breeders) • Increased bone mobilization
- 8. Bone mobilization- Medullary bone (35-40% of Ca for egg formation) Uterus • Need for Ca • Stimulated PTH and genes under its control FGF23 • Fibroblast growth factor 23 in MB occurs at initiation of egg shell formation and continues to rise until oviposition occurs. • FGF23 Closely regulates Ca&P relationship • FGF23 stimulates 24 hydroxylase to inactive blood 1,25(OH)2D3 • Triggers P excretion via urine Bone loss • Over time, medullary bone mobilisation cannot compensate for low Ca absorption out of intestines. Need to further support Ca&P metabolism How to support Ca/P metabolism??
- 9. 1,25(OH)2D3 supports Ca&P metabolism • Not reliant on enzymatic activity from kidney • Absorbed in gut directly, uptake by Ca transport proteins (Calbindin) • No storage within tissues (water soluble) • 50% faster uptake • Assists absorption and retention of Ca&P (support medullary bone) • Potential to reduce feed Ca&P
- 10. Panbonis- Natural source of 1,25(OH)2D3 • Mixture of waxy nightshade meal (Solanum glaucophyllum) and plant-based carrier. • Plants store bioactive Vit D3 as inactive glycosidic bonds which are cleaved within intestines to absorb bioactive component of Vit D. • Solanum glaucophyllum was chosen out of a possible 4 other plant species that naturally produce 1,25(OH)2D3. • Highest 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration from a plant source • Greater glycoside content for greater stability • Guaranteed shelf life of 24 months • 100 g of Panbonis per MT of feed provides 1 μg of 1,25 (OH)2D3 per kg
- 11. Overall difference in saleable eggs was 2.1% in favor of treatment with Panbonis.
- 12. Layers 62-80 weeks of age | Layers 76- 87 weeks of age -2nd grade eggs reduced from 10.1% to 9.2% -Feed consumption per hen reduced from 154 g (con) to 150g (Panbonis) : -3.1% Average shed size of 20K hens = 10MT less over 18 weeks Both trials also showed improvement in FCR, eggshell strength & 1st grade eggs. Profit per hen increased by 5.5% (Red. Feed and performance increases)
- 13. Performance metrics at varied ages
- 14. ROI- Panbonis cost per treatment: 100grams at $5 p/t Feed intake savings 125 grams of feed per day X 3% improvement in FCR = -3.8 Grams of feed per bird From 55-85 weeks= 210 days 800 grams saving per bird of feed x 65k birds = 52 tonne @ $650 p/t $33,800 saving Saving per bird $0.52c Feed savings Reduce Ca by up to 0.3 % a conservative reduction of Ca 0.2% and P by 0.4% = $5.50 saving p/t Not to mention other potential improvements: - Saleable eggs, laying rate, FCR, 1st grade eggs etc.
- 15. Same MOA as poultry - Main focus today on reproductive metrics.
- 16. Litter size & challenges • Litter size continuing to increase in last decade (EU + 1.5 piglets/sow/year every 5 years), no. of weaned piglets per sow per year did no follow same trajectory. • Prolific sow potential issues: • Longer farrowing time (asphyxia, delays accessing colostrum/ milk) • Uterine capacity- Low birth weight, Poor uniformity • Muscle contraction- uterus & pelvis • 40% of fertilized eggs are lost before term!
- 17. Vit D & VDR’s Non classicical func. Ovary Folliculorgenesis Sex hormones (oestradiol) Muscle tissue Contraction strength Support Ca homeostasis Placenta Antimicrobial & anti- inflammatory immunity Endometrium Implantation endometriosis
- 18. From the end of gestation (85 d) until the end of lactation, 1 cycle
- 19. - Same study resulted in 0.9 additional weaned piglet per sow/year - resulted in 0.7 additional pigs with 30 kg body weight per sow/year - reduced FCR by 8 points from weaning to 30 kg of body weight
- 20. Additional beneficial areas to consider Broilers • Bone development and correct TD formation • Reduction of FCR by 2.5 points at 100g/t Breeder broilers • Male reproductive benefits (testis, androgen synthesis, sperm maturation) • Improvements in laying rate under heat stress • Hatchability increase 0.5% and embryo mortality decreased by 1% @ 50g/t. • BW increase of 40grams and FCR decrease by 2 points 100g/t
- 21. Pregnant and lactating gilts • 4.0 ug/kg of showed significant increases of the following: • Piglet birth weight & weaning weight • Fat, protein, and total solids contents of colostrum • But there is also evidence for boars • Male reproductive benefits (testis, androgen synthesis, sperm maturation) Additional beneficial areas to consider
- 22. Available Vitamin D Products: Panbonis - Complementary feed source of natural 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. Suprema D- 25 Hydroxycholecalciferol available as 0.05% & 1.25% concentration
- 23. Questions or comments? Thank you
Editor's Notes
- that is produced in the endogenously via the skin and can directly enter the cells nucleus to control which genes are expressed
- Classically- Vitamin D's principal role in maintaining calcium homeostasis is to facilitate calcium absorption in the gut. Immune system- antimicrobial defense, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory and anticancer responses Nervous system- neuroprotective functions, and assist with neurodegenerative disease
- From a classical standpoint we know VIT D assists with bone health (development, mineralization, absorption) as it relates to Ca and P metabolism. There is also a widespread amount of data supporting non classical functions such as the immune system, reproductive tissue and muscle tissue etc which comes back to VDR acting on targeted genes within particular tissues. From a poultry standpoint we have similar potential issues with the main caveat being fertilization b/n layers and Breeder broilers. Overall in mid-late lay and within older flocks areas of concern would be .. From a sows perspective we want to look at reproduction metrics and how we can improve performance there other variables… So traditionally up until this point in time what have we been missing from a physiological standpoint and how can we improve performance to increase these metrics whilst also improving areas such as animal welfare and sustainability.
- The earlier we can support the Ca and P metabolism is going to assist layers in setting up the skeletal system to burden high volumes of stress. So, from a natural physiological standpoint theres a number areas here that correlate to a decrease in vitamin D synthesis . (Vit D3 affects sex hormones including estrogen and progesterone which are biosynthesized mainly in the granulosa cells of ovary. If questioned**)
- Occurring in a stepwise manner whereby cholesterol metabolite reacts with uv light and heat to form (D3). We can also obtain D2 & D3 from animal and plant sources Within monogastrics a twostep activation process is needed as D3 is inert naturally. D3 travels from the blood to the liver to convert it to 25 hydroxy D It will then travel to the kidneys whereby 1alpha hydroxylase converts the 25 hydroxy to 1,25 hydroxy where it is now bioactive to exert metabolic functions 1,25 will bind to VDR cells and form a complex with retinoid x receptor to bind to the Vit D response element on targeted genes to enable expression within various tissues. Ok, Starting off with poultry we will look at degradation of the kidney for enzymatic activity and how that relates to the medullary bone and potential osteoporosis.
- Showing changes in tissue accumulation of radioactive vit d metabolites at varying ages in varying tissues. KIDNEY- 1a hydroxylase 38 weeks and 72 weeks- ability to convert analogue into bioactive form is significantly impaired. Similarly, we see same trend in other tissues present PLASMA - Top left- 33 weeks of age and 91 weeks of age very similar levels of vit D analogue in blood. Showing support that the 25 hydroxy is relevant for the levels of vit D in the yolk & to support the liver during times of immense stress such as the onset of lay. However, may not support mechanisms for egg shell development. MEDULLARY BONE-increase at 91 weeks of age shows the 24 hydroxylase (which is stimulated by FGF23) which will inactivate 1,25 hydroxy within the MB So we get this POTENTIAL VICIOUS CYCLE as the bird gets older there's a decrease in conversion of 1,25 hydroxy and an increase in enzyme within tissues to remove 1,25 hydroxy
- -1-a hydroxylase decrease. cannot convert analogue into 1,25hydroxy less 1,25 hydroxy leads to a decrease in Ca absorption as the genes that controll for Ca absorption are reliant upon 1,25 hydroxy binding to VDR’s.so what do I mean here? - an increase in Ca in diet may increase bacterial proliferation with gut and interfere with energy and protein.
- If binding of 1,25 to VDR cells does not occur than we have no infrastructure present to facilitate Ca absorption within the intestines. Thus increasing Ca within the diet may have further implications towards energy, protein and bacterial proliferation with the gut. This then leads to an decrease in utilization of Ca in a number of key areas.
- Now we see increased bone mobilisation out of the medullary bone
- Uterus cannot store Ca and thus stimulates PTH and the genes under its control, one of them being the hormone FGF23 FGF23 tightly regulates /P homeostasis. FGF23 Also considered to be a key indicator that the P balance is deteriorated in old hens In the MB FGF23 is stimulated at the initiation of egg shell formation and continues to rise until the egg has been laid. Increase in FGF23, resulting In reduced phosphate reabsorption in kidney and decreased intestinal phosphate absorption. - VDR cells which has an increased role with bone resorption or osteoclast formation. breaking down the minerals in the bone to transfer in the blood to prioritise egg shell formation. CA2. This system has a important role in egg shell formation So, now see a decrease in medullary bone mass, decrease in Ca retention and a potential for osteoporosis as Ca will need to mobilized from the skeletal system.
- The answer, is we need additional supplementation of the 1,25 hydroxy to further assist Ca/P metabolism. By having the 1,25 hydroxy we are able to… Traditional means or methods up until this point may have not been as fruitful. So by providing a natural source of 1,25.hydroxy in order to bypass the tightly regulated physiological process and feedback mechanisms which degrade as the bird gets older.
- Cultivated to be free of all toxic material.
- 25000 birds Panbonis (100 g/MT): Control + 100 g/MT Panbonis® * All diets contained 4.2 % Ca; 6.8 g P/kg and 2 800 IU vitamin D3/kg Start to see differentiation improvements for Panbonis at approx. 50-55 weeks of age Feed intake youll notice as birds get older actually decreases.
- Trial- Netherlands 2021 13000 lohman brown hens 76-87 weeks of age shows a 3.9% improvement in laying rate in brown hens and a 4.4% improvement in white hens. Old birds show reduction in feed intake compared to young birds. Consuming required for physiological need of Ca. 4x126 days = 504 grams x 20K BIRDS = 10MT OF FEED LESS. Improves profit per pen per day by 5.5%
- 1st graph- shows that we see improvements across all ages although prominent improvements occur from that 55 weeks + Some improvements early but as we see the organ function is still good at earlier age. However, Interestingly the pullet data/ early lay data also is quite compelling with the ability of Panbonis to stimulate bone ash and blood Ca which may show that timing of supplementation of 1,25 hydroxy will further stimulate Ca homeostasis from an earlier age which may infact assist the skeletal development to inturn allow for greater performance and longevity come mid-late lay. Larger improvements evident from 50-55 weeks for a greater ROI.
- Roi from a feed reduction standpoint. 120 grams @ 3.1% improvement = 116.2 grams grams of feed 3.8 grams x 210 days = 800 grams per bird $25,300 inclusive of Panbonis In speaking with the powers that be in Feedworks and Jan Dirk Vanderklis who is the head of global R&D and technical services for panbonis. In response to our inclusion rates in Australia, we are confident that reducing Ca by up to 0.3% and conservitevly 0.2% to start we can save $5p/t.
- MOA is the same for pigs. Same relatable theme of kidney function and Ca absorbtion within the GIT. Its also linked to body reserves and feed consumption prior to farrowing.
- 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulates the following areas: Ovary- oestradiol development & together with Ca, follicular development & ovulation for a healthy fertilizable egg. Uterus – Vit D has shown to increase uterine weight to support implantation and the early embryonic stage Muscle tissue- again, need to support Ca homeostasis through Vit D- pelvic and uterine muscle activation for contractions is critical for a reduced farrowing time. Placenta- important to note that early in the placental development VDR cells are expressed. Data suggests that Vit D has an integral role in modulation of the antimicrobial and antiinflammatory immune activity of the placenta. 1,25 however does not cross the placenta and mostly the foetal kidney express the enzyme 1α-hydroxylase that converts 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 in foetal tissues.
- Smaller university trial 110 sows danbred out of brazil. Jan dirk- when they were fed and for how long? Reduction in ft over 4 separate trials showed reduction of 25% or from 279 to 209 minutes
- 6400 sows in Denmark across 8 farms. Control: commercial diet (Gestation diet: 6.9 g Ca, 2.6 g dig. P with phytase, 880 IU vitamin D3; Lactation diet: 7.9 g Ca, 3.5 g dig. P with phytase, 880 IU vitamin D3) Panbonis® (100 g/MT): Control + 100 g Panbonis®*/MT feed on top
- Here is a list of other beneficial areas or important data sets I was unable to show today through a lack of time. bone and cartilage formation around the tibia Data sets .
- Hot off the press from roger campbell who fortunately passed on a paper, looking at pregnant and lactating gilts and proving 4 micro grams of panbonis showed improvements in. So, overall you can see by utilizing Vit D metabolites and particularly 1,25 hydroxy not only will we be assisting performance metrics, nutritional metrics in many areas we will also be directly improving animal welfare through improved reproduction and quality of life in older flocks whilst also improving areas of sustainability by reducing feed intake
- I would also be remiss if I didn’t mention the available products we have at feedworks to fully assist with Vit D supplementation.