Gemination occurs during tooth development when a single tooth germ invaginates, resulting in an incomplete formation of two teeth that appear joined on a single root. It most commonly affects deciduous mandibular incisors and permanent maxillary incisors. Radiographs show a cleft in the crown and enlarged or partially divided pulp chamber within a single root. Treatment involves restoring and reshaping the crown, periodic filing to reduce the width, and eventually preparing a final crown.

1. Gemination

2. General information
• Single tooth germ invaginates resulting in
incomplete formation of two teeth that may
appear as bifid Crown on single root
• It occurs during the proliferation stage of the
growth cycle of tooth
• It has got hereditary and familial tendencies

3. Clinical features
• Affected teeth are deciduous mandibular
incisors and permanent maxillary incisors
• Bipid Crown on single root
• Number of teeth remains the same
• There are common pulp canals and either
single or partially divided pulp chambers

4. Radiographic features
• Cleft Crown – cleft in the Crown and
invagination are usually outlined by the
radiopaque enamel which accentuates them
• Pulp chamber – pulp chamber is single,
enlarged and maybe partially divided

5. Diagnosis
• Crown appears as bifid on a single root
• Pulp chamber is single and enlarged

6. Management
• Crown may be restored and reshaped
• Periodic disking that is reduction of mesio
distal width
• Final jacket Crown preparation