3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, involves laying down successive layers of material to build a three dimensional object from a digital file. The technology was developed in the 1980s by Charles Hull who created stereo lithography. Since then, other methods like fused deposition modeling and selective laser sintering were introduced. 3D models can be created using CAD software or 3D scanning, and are then converted into an STL file that the 3D printer reads to build the model layer by layer according to the digital design.

1. 3D Printing Technology

2. Introduction
• 3D Printing is a form of additive manufacturing
technology where a three dimensional object is created by
laying down successive layers of material.
• It is also known as Additive Manufacturing.
• 3D printing is achieved using an additive process, where
successive layers of material are laid down in different
shapes.

3. History
• The technology of 3d printing using digital data was developed by
Charles Hull in 1984.
• He named his technology as stereo lithography and obtained a
patent for the technique in 1986.
• By the end of 1980s, other similar technologies such as Fused
Deposition Modelling (FDM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
were introduced.
• In 1993,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) patented
another technology, named “3 Dimensional Printing Techniques”,
which is similar to the inkjet Technology used in 2D Printers.
• In 2005, Z Corp. launched a breakthrough product, named
Spectrum Z510, which was the first high definition color 3D
Printer in the market.

4. 3D Printable Models
• 3D printable models may be created with a computer aided design
package or via 3D scanner.
• The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D
computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting.
• 3D scanning is a process of analyzing and collecting data of real
object; it shape and appearance and builds digital, three
dimensional models.

5. Terminology
• Additive Manufacturing – refers to technologies that create
objects through sequential layering.
• Rapid prototyping – is a group of techniques used to fabricate a
scale model of a physical part or assembly using three dimensional
computer aided design (CAD) data.
• Subtractive Processes – removal of material by methods such as
cutting or drilling.
• Stereolithography was defined by Charles W. Hull as a “system of
three dimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional pattern of
the object to be formed.

7. Rapid Prototyping Slicing

8. Stereolithography

9. Digital 3D Model
Printing

10. Printing
• To perform a print, the machine reads the design from 3D
printable file(STL file).
• STL file – StereoLithography.
• It lays down successive layers of liquid, powder to build the model
from a series of cross sections.
• Printer resolution describes layers and thickness of the dpi or
micrometers.
• The practices are around 510 to 250DPI in diameter.

11. PRINT FINISHING
• Though the printer-produced resolution is sufficient for many
applications, printing a slightly oversize version of desired object in
standard resolution and the removing material with a higher-
resolution subtractive process can achieve greater precision.

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