The document discusses the workflow and design aspects of 3D concrete printing, detailing the machine's components including the concrete tank, pumping mechanism, and nozzle design. It highlights the process of contour crafting, which allows for on-site creation of large structures with architectural flexibility, while also recognizing the benefits like time optimization and reduced material waste. The document concludes that while 3D printing in construction is a new approach with potential limitations, it presents opportunities for more complex building designs.

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4.  Takes Virtual Blueprints From CAD
 Slices Them Into Digital Cross-sections
 Reads The Design And Lays Down
Successive Layers
 Joined Together Or Automatically Fused To
Create The Final Shape.
 Removing Material With A Higher-resolution
Subtractive Process
4

5. 3D PRINTING WORK-FLOW
5

6. PRINTING MACHINE
FEATURES
MOTION ALONG THE AXIS
MECHANICS:MACHINE DESIGN
NOZZLE DESIGN
TANK AND PUMP DESIGN
6

7. MACHINE DESIGN
(CEMENTING MATERIAL AS CONCRETE)
• THE MACHINE HAD TO ACCOUNT FOR BOTH THE FRESH AND
THE PRINTED PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE.
• 3 COMPONENTS
I. THE CONCRETE TANK AND PUMPING MECHANISM
II. THE PRINTING NOZZLE
III. MOTION CONTROL SYSTEM
7

8. I. TANK AND PUMP DESIGN
• TO TRANSPORT THE CONCRETE PASTE FROM THE TANK TO
NOZZLE.
• IT COMBINES SYRINGE PRESSURE METHEDOLOGY AND
CEMENT SCREW PUMP.
• TANK IS A CYLINDRICAL MOBILE NOZZLE,CONNECTED TO THE
MACHINE AND MOVES WITH IT.
• BOTTOM OF TANK IS PRINTING NOZZLE.
• MOST ELEMENT CONSIDERED IS THE PRESSURE EXERTED BY
THE PUMP WHICH AFFECT THE SPEED AT WHICH CONCRETE
BEING POURED.
8

9. II. NOZZLE DESIGN
• NOZZLE DIAMETRE HAS DIRECT RELATIONSHIP WITH THE
CONCRETE MIX PROPERTIES,SPECIFICALLY ITS FLOWABILITY.
• AS DIAMETRE INCREASES FLOWABILITY OF MIX SHOULD BE
INCREASED.
• HAS TWO TROWELS ,A SIDE AND TOP TROWEL WHICH LAG
BEHIND IT FOR STRAIGHTEN THE CONCRETE.
Fig.1. NOZZLE OF PRINTER
Fig.1 PRINTING NOZZLE
9

10. III. MOTION ALONG THE AXES
• THE MACHINE IS DESIGNED TO MOVE ON A TRI-AXIAL
PLANE(X-Y-Z)
• THE NOZZLE SHOULD BE ABLE TO PRINT ONE LINE ALONE ON
THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS(X-AXIS) AND MOVE ALONG THE
PRPENDICULAR AXIS(Y-AXIS).
• ABLE TO MOVE ALONG THE Z-AXIS TO PRINT LAYER APON
LAYER.
• VERICAL ELEMENT THAT SUPPORT MOBILE TANK AND NOZZLE
IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MOTION ALONG THE Z AXIS.
• OPERATED BOTH HYDRAULICALLY AND MANUALLY
10

11. PRINITING MACHINE
Fig.2.Schematic figure of printing machine
11

12. ASSEMBLY OF PRINTED
COMPONENTS
Fig.3 a)Assembly of printed slab b)Assembly of wall with coloumn
a) b)
12

13. COUNTOUR CRAFTING
• MATERIAL IS POURED LAYER BY LAYER
• WHOLE PROCESS IS TAKING PLACE ON SITE
• ALLOW TO CREATE LARGE COMPONENT WITH UNLIMITTED
ARCHETECTURAL FLEXIBILITY
Fig.4 First structure printed in- situ
13

14. RECENT EXAMPLES OF 3D
PRINTING
• WINSON COMPANY BUILDINGS
Fig 5
14

15. MERITS
• OPTIMIZING CONSTRUCTION TIME
• DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
• DOESNOT COMPROMISE STRUCTURAL STRENGTH
• ERROR REDUCTION
• ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
• CONCEPT OF CONTOUR CRAFTING ALLOWS IN-SITU PRINTING
• REDUCED NUMBER OF INJURIES
• LESS MATERIAL WASTE
15

16. DEMERITS
• JOB RELATED ISSUES
• REQUIRE AREA FOR MOVABLE RETRACTABLE RAILS
• CANNOT PRINT ALL MATERIALS
• HIGHT LIMITATION FOR CONTOUR CRAFTING
16

17. CONCLUSIONS
• STILL YOUNG AND PRESENTS LOT OF LIMITATIONS
• NEW ARCHETECTURAL APPROACH TO BUILDING
DESIGN
• REQUIRE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MATERIALS
APPROPRIATE FOR 3D PRINTING
• ALLOWS CREATING BUILDING WITH COMPLICATED
SHAPES
17

18. REFERENCE
• 3D PRINT CANAL HOUSE, available
from:http://3dprintcanalhouse.com/construction technique, (2016).
• WISUN, available from: www.yhbm.com, (2016).
• B. Khoshnevis, Automated construction by contour crafting – related robotics
and information technologies, Automat. Constr. – Special Issue:The best of
ISARC 2002, 13 (2004) 5–19.
• 3D Concrete House Printer, available from: www.totalkustom.com/, (2016).
• Z. Malaeb, H. Hachen, A. Tourbah, T. Maalouf, N.E. Zarwi, F. Hamzeh, 3D
concrete printing: Machine and mix design, International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology 6 (2015) 14–22
• International Conference on Ecology and new Building materials and
products, ICEBMP 2016 on 3D printing of buildings and building components
as the future of sustainable construction? By Izabela Hager, Anna Golonka,
Roman Putanowicz
18

19. QUESTIONS
19

20. 20