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![LITERATURE REVIEW
Using Contour Crafting, Khoshnevis reports that he has created walls that are six feet high, by
adding layers of concrete six inches high and four inches thick. The walls have a compressive
stress of 10,000 pounds per square inch. This technology, Khoshnevis projects, will be able to
print a 2,500 square foot house in less than a day [1]
A Dutch firm named Universe Architecture is planning on building a 12,000 square foot,
Möbius strip shaped home by 3D printing sections on-site and then assembling them. It plans
to use a printer capable of printing structures as large as 6 X 9 meters [2]
Similarly, the Amsterdam-based firm Dus Artchitects is in the process of printing a
canal house [3]
WinSun, unlike the innovators previously discussed, uses a massive printer – 490’ X
33’ X 20’ – to print pieces of houses in a factory and then assembles them on-site.
WinSun makes the houses using recycled construction material, industrial waste, and
tailings which are then reinforced with fiberglass. And, most impressively, WinSun has
printed ten houses in less than a day, each measuring 200 square meters and costing
less than $5,000. The company even constructed its own 10,000 square meter office
in a month using an assembly line of four 3D printers [4]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/techseminar-finalnithin-181122192457/85/Application-of-3D-printers-28-320.jpg)
![REFERENCES
[1] A video of the Contour Crafter performing its basic operations may be
viewed here:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yv-IWdSdns, and the Contour
Crafting website may be viewed here: http://craft.usc.edu/CC/modem.html.
[2] An article explaining Universe Architecture’s project may be accessed
at:http://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/20/dutch-architects-to-use-3d-printer-to-
build-a-house/. And, Universe Architecture’s website may be accessed
here: http://www.universearchitecture.com/.
[3] Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2594234/The-3D-
printed-HOUSE-Technology-used-construct-entire-building-including-furniture-
Amsterdam.html#ixzz3WXL1ePwj
[4] An article further describing WinSun’s process may be found
here:http://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2014/04/15/how-a-chinese-
company-built-10-homes-in-24-hours/?mod=e2fb. And, a video may be found
here:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SObzNdyRTBs.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/techseminar-finalnithin-181122192457/85/Application-of-3D-printers-44-320.jpg)
Uploaded byNithin N
Application of 3D printers
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process for making 3D objects from a digital file by building up successive layers of material. The document discusses various 3D printing methods like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, and fused deposition modeling. It outlines applications of 3D printing in construction like printing entire buildings, houses, and interior elements layer-by-layer using large contour crafting printers. The document references projects by companies and researchers to 3D print houses and other structures by either printing on-site or in a factory and then assembling the pieces.
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Application of 3D printers
- 1. BY NITHIN N (1AY11CT015) 8thSEM GUIDE – Ms. SIRISHA REDDY Asst. Prof. APPLICATIONS OF 3D Printers IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
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- 3. Outline What is3-d printing ? History How it works ? General principles Different methods of 3-d Printing APPLICATIONS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion References
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- 6. What Is 3DPrinting? 3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing in which components are fabricated in an additive fashion by adding successive layers of material together It is also known as: Rapid prototyping Additive manufacturing
- 7. Additive Manufacturing: Aprocess of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file (CAD model) The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created. Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of the eventual object
- 8. History The technologyfor printing physical 3D objects from digital data was first developed by Chuck Hull in 1984. He named the technique as Stereo lithography and obtained a patent for the technique in 1986
- 9. History 1986 • Hull coinedthe term Stereo lithography when he patented his new system 1992 • The first Stereolithographic Apparatus (SLA) is made by 3D Systems 1999 • The first ever 3D organ, a bladder, is created with the patient’s own cells. This means that there is little chance of the organ being rejected by the body 2002 • A miniture kidney is created that can filter blood and produce diluted urine in an animal. 2006 • The Selective Laser Sintering machine is built and allows for mass customisation in manufacturing industrial parts 2008 • A prosthetic leg is created with a complex structure that requires no assembly. This opens the doorway to customized prosthetic limbs. Revolution in technology by rooting of REPRAP concept 2009 • Innovative bioprinting company, Organovo, creates the first blood vessel to be bioprinted 2011 • Printing Service, I - materialize, starts offering 14K gold and sterling silver as a printable material. 2012 • Alternative 3D printing processes were introduced at the entry level of the market 2014 • New era of industrial revolution - Big firms started acquiring start-ups. Theoretical and practical structures were aimed at.
- 10. How 3D PrintingWorks A person creates a 3D image of an item using a computer-aided design (CAD) software program. The CAD information is sent to the printer. The printer forms the item by depositing the material in layers—starting from the bottom layer—onto a platform. In some cases light or lasers are used to harden the material.
- 11. General Principles • Modeling •Printing • Finishing
- 12. Modeling Additive manufacturingtakes virtual blueprints from computer aided design (CAD) or animation modeling software and "slices" them into digital cross-sections for the machine to successively use as a guideline for printing Printing To perform a print, the machine reads the design and lays down successive layers of liquid, powder, or sheet material to build the model from a series of cross sections. These layers, which correspond to the virtual cross sections from the CAD model, are joined together or automatically fused to create the final shape. The primary advantage of this technique is its ability to create almost any shape or geometric feature Finishing Though the printer-produced resolution is sufficient for many applications, printing a slightly oversized version of the desired object in standard resolution, and then removing material with a higher-resolution subtractive process can achieve a higher-resolution
- 13. Different Methods • Stereolithography • Selective laser sintering (SLS) • Fused deposition modeling (FDM) • Ink-Jet 3D printing
- 14. Stereo lithography Stereolithography is a process for creating three-dimensional objects using a computer- controlled laser to build the required structure, layer by layer. It does this by using a resin known as liquid photopolymer that hardens when in contact with the air Selective laser sintering (SLS) Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser to fuse small particles of plastic, metal (direct metal laser sintering),ceramic or glass powders into a mass that has a desired 3-dimensional shape Fused deposition modeling (FDM) • Commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications. • Here a hot thermoplastic is extruded from a temperature-controlled print head to produce fairly robust objects to a high degree of accuracy. Ink-Jet 3D Printing It creates the model one layer at a time by spreading a layer of powder and inkjet printing binder in the cross-section of the part. It is the most widely used 3-D Printing technology these days While all inkjet technologies can fundamentally be described as the digitally controlled ejection of drops of fluid from a print head onto a substrate, this is accomplished in a variety of ways. There are 2-types of print head for the generation of liquid drops Drop-On-Demand (DOD) and Continuous-Jet (CJ)
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- 17. Applications Apparel Educationand research Art / AEC Rapid manufacturing Mass customization Automobiles Electric Motors and Generators Spaceflight Domestic use Medical
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- 19. With nearly LIMITLESSapplications, Just think of the POSSIBILITIES…………
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- 28. LITERATURE REVIEW UsingContour Crafting, Khoshnevis reports that he has created walls that are six feet high, by adding layers of concrete six inches high and four inches thick. The walls have a compressive stress of 10,000 pounds per square inch. This technology, Khoshnevis projects, will be able to print a 2,500 square foot house in less than a day [1] A Dutch firm named Universe Architecture is planning on building a 12,000 square foot, Möbius strip shaped home by 3D printing sections on-site and then assembling them. It plans to use a printer capable of printing structures as large as 6 X 9 meters [2] Similarly, the Amsterdam-based firm Dus Artchitects is in the process of printing a canal house [3] WinSun, unlike the innovators previously discussed, uses a massive printer – 490’ X 33’ X 20’ – to print pieces of houses in a factory and then assembles them on-site. WinSun makes the houses using recycled construction material, industrial waste, and tailings which are then reinforced with fiberglass. And, most impressively, WinSun has printed ten houses in less than a day, each measuring 200 square meters and costing less than $5,000. The company even constructed its own 10,000 square meter office in a month using an assembly line of four 3D printers [4]
- 29. Steps needed tomake the customer's building ready to print Throughout the design project, the process of dividing a building into printable parts was informally referred to as chunking (i.e. converting into multiple chunks)
- 30. Process Flow Diagramof Printer
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- 32. Assembly of printedcolumns in progress
- 33. Assembly of printed/precastslabs Suitable solution to connect the walls
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- 44. REFERENCES [1] Avideo of the Contour Crafter performing its basic operations may be viewed here:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yv-IWdSdns, and the Contour Crafting website may be viewed here: http://craft.usc.edu/CC/modem.html. [2] An article explaining Universe Architecture’s project may be accessed at:http://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/20/dutch-architects-to-use-3d-printer-to- build-a-house/. And, Universe Architecture’s website may be accessed here: http://www.universearchitecture.com/. [3] Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2594234/The-3D- printed-HOUSE-Technology-used-construct-entire-building-including-furniture- Amsterdam.html#ixzz3WXL1ePwj [4] An article further describing WinSun’s process may be found here:http://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2014/04/15/how-a-chinese- company-built-10-homes-in-24-hours/?mod=e2fb. And, a video may be found here:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SObzNdyRTBs.
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