The document discusses the evolution of 4G cellular technology, including LTE, LTE-Advanced, and LTE-Advanced Pro. It notes that LTE-Advanced Pro, defined in 3GPP Release 13 and 14, builds upon previous releases to provide significantly increased data speeds, efficiency, and network capacity compared to prior 4G standards. Key features of LTE-Advanced Pro include support for up to 32 component carriers of 20 MHz each for a total bandwidth of 640 MHz, data rates exceeding 3 Gbps, latency under 2ms, and the ability to aggregate licensed and unlicensed spectrum.
LTE was developed to overcome limitations in 3G networks like UMTS. It uses OFDM which divides the carrier bandwidth into multiple narrowband subcarriers to reduce multipath fading effects. LTE-Advanced was then created to meet 4G requirements like peak download rates of 1 Gbps by using wider bandwidths up to 20 MHz and carrier aggregation. It fulfills 3GPP and ITU requirements to be considered a true 4G mobile network technology.
LTE is a 4G wireless technology developed by 3GPP to provide high-speed data and media transport, as well as high-capacity voice support into the next decade. It combines OFDM and MIMO to significantly increase peak data rates while improving spectral efficiency and lowering costs. LTE aims to meet carrier needs through flexible scalable bandwidth, support for FDD and TDD spectrum, and simplified network architecture. It is designed to evolve GSM, WCDMA and CDMA networks towards an all-IP packet-switched system.
The document provides an overview of LTE Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro mobile network technologies. It discusses the brief history of LTE and its evolution through 3GPP releases. Key aspects covered include the network architecture in LTE consisting of the radio access network and evolved packet core. LTE Advanced introduced new features like carrier aggregation and coordinated multi-point to meet the requirements for higher peak data rates and capacity. LTE-Advanced Pro supports further enhancements including advanced carrier aggregation and License Assisted Access.
LTE describes standardization work by 3GPP to define a new high-speed radio access method for mobile communications systems. Key features of LTE include significantly higher data rates of up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink, lower latency, flexible spectrum usage, and an evolution to an all-IP core network. LTE will enable rich new mobile broadband services like high-quality video streaming and sharing, as well as applications in areas like machine-to-machine communication.
This document provides an overview of LTE, LTE-A, and 4G mobile technologies. It explains that while LTE is often marketed as 4G, it does not fully meet the technical specifications for 4G set by the ITU. LTE-Advanced was developed to meet these specifications by achieving peak data rates of 1 Gbps download and 500 Mbps upload through the use of carrier aggregation and other enhancements to LTE. The document outlines some of the key technologies that enable LTE-Advanced, such as carrier aggregation, relays, and coordinated multipoint, and how they help LTE-Advanced achieve the goals of 4G networks including higher speeds, lower latency, and better coverage.
Migration to 5G and Deployment Training and certification by TELCOMA GlobalGaganpreet Singh Walia
5G technology enables enhanced mobile broadband services, which offers higher data rates, lower latency and more capacity. Development of 5G technology is being led by companies such as Huawei, Intel and Qualcomm for modem technology. Lenovo, Nokia, Ericsson, ZTE, Cisco and Samsung is working on infrastructure.
For deployment of 5G, 3GPP is defining new core network as well as new radio access network. New core network of 5G is 5GC and new radio access technology called “5G NR” new radio.5G use cases are already being built around immersive sports viewing and augmented reality applications.
Carrier Aggregation in LTE Releases3rd Generation Partnership Proj.docxannandleola
Carrier Aggregation in LTE Releases
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
The 3GPP unites seven telecommunications standard development organizations (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC), which is an umbrella for these standards organizations, that develop protocols for mobile telecommunication. The 3GPP organizes its work into three different streams: Radio Access Networks, Services and Systems Aspects, and Core Network and Terminals, which provide a complete system description for mobile telecommunications. It was established in December 1998 with the goal of developing a specification for a 3G mobile phone system based on the 2G GSM system, within the scope of the International Telecommunication Union's.LTE and LTE-A
The Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is an emerging technology, which is standardized by the 3GPP and evolving to meet the International Mobile Telecommunication Advanced (IMT-Advanced) requirements named as LTE-Advanced. The main goal of LTE is to provide a high data rate, low latency and packet optimized radio access technology supporting flexible bandwidth deployments. The network architecture of LTE has been designed with the goal to support packet-switched traffic with seamless mobility and great quality of service.
LTE is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals. LTE is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA technologies. LTE increases the capacity and speed of wireless mobile communication by using a different radio interface and other core network improvements. LTE uses different frequencies and bands in different countries. LTE is commonly marketed as 4G LTE & Advance 4G. LTE is also commonly known as 3.95G. LTE-Advanced or LTE-A is a major enhancement of the LTE standard. LTE-A uses several techniques and technologies (hardware and software) to meet higher network-performance standards. The technique of this standard which we are using in our work is following.
· Increased peak data rate for DL/UL
· Improved performance at cell edges.
· Carrier Aggregation (CA), the enhanced use of multi-antenna techniques.
· Support for Relay Nodes, LTE Femtocell and macro cell.
Based on the requirements and observations, the 3GPP has identified carrier aggregation (CA) as major feature for achieving improved data rate. It is a worth noting that BW aggregation basic concept has been used in 3G. Similarly, there are options in High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) evaluation to aggregate up to four carriers for downlinks, up to two carriers for uplink and have consider both the carriers contiguous. In release 8/9 of 3GPP LTE different carrier BW of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz being used that provide support for several deployment plus spectrum plans. Succeeding the desires of 100 MHz BW of system, Release 10 of 3GPP LTE has presented CA one of the foremost important structure of LTE-Advanced to balance the bandwidth a far 20 MHz. CA Release 10 described up to 100 MHz system bandwidth can.
LTE is a mobile broadband technology specified in 3GPP release 8 that provides higher data rates of up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink. The high-level architecture of LTE includes user equipment (UE), the evolved-UTRAN radio access network, and the evolved packet core. LTE Advanced, specified in release 10, utilizes technologies like carrier aggregation to support peak rates of 1 Gbps downlink and 500 Mbps uplink. LTE Advanced in unlicensed spectrum as specified in release 13 aggregates unlicensed bands with licensed spectrum for a unified LTE network leveraging both types of spectrum.
LTE was developed to overcome limitations in 3G networks like UMTS. It uses OFDM which divides the carrier bandwidth into multiple narrowband subcarriers to reduce multipath fading effects. LTE-Advanced was then created to meet 4G requirements like peak download rates of 1 Gbps by using wider bandwidths up to 20 MHz and carrier aggregation. It fulfills 3GPP and ITU requirements to be considered a true 4G mobile network technology.
LTE is a 4G wireless technology developed by 3GPP to provide high-speed data and media transport, as well as high-capacity voice support into the next decade. It combines OFDM and MIMO to significantly increase peak data rates while improving spectral efficiency and lowering costs. LTE aims to meet carrier needs through flexible scalable bandwidth, support for FDD and TDD spectrum, and simplified network architecture. It is designed to evolve GSM, WCDMA and CDMA networks towards an all-IP packet-switched system.
The document provides an overview of LTE Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro mobile network technologies. It discusses the brief history of LTE and its evolution through 3GPP releases. Key aspects covered include the network architecture in LTE consisting of the radio access network and evolved packet core. LTE Advanced introduced new features like carrier aggregation and coordinated multi-point to meet the requirements for higher peak data rates and capacity. LTE-Advanced Pro supports further enhancements including advanced carrier aggregation and License Assisted Access.
LTE describes standardization work by 3GPP to define a new high-speed radio access method for mobile communications systems. Key features of LTE include significantly higher data rates of up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink, lower latency, flexible spectrum usage, and an evolution to an all-IP core network. LTE will enable rich new mobile broadband services like high-quality video streaming and sharing, as well as applications in areas like machine-to-machine communication.
This document provides an overview of LTE, LTE-A, and 4G mobile technologies. It explains that while LTE is often marketed as 4G, it does not fully meet the technical specifications for 4G set by the ITU. LTE-Advanced was developed to meet these specifications by achieving peak data rates of 1 Gbps download and 500 Mbps upload through the use of carrier aggregation and other enhancements to LTE. The document outlines some of the key technologies that enable LTE-Advanced, such as carrier aggregation, relays, and coordinated multipoint, and how they help LTE-Advanced achieve the goals of 4G networks including higher speeds, lower latency, and better coverage.
Migration to 5G and Deployment Training and certification by TELCOMA GlobalGaganpreet Singh Walia
5G technology enables enhanced mobile broadband services, which offers higher data rates, lower latency and more capacity. Development of 5G technology is being led by companies such as Huawei, Intel and Qualcomm for modem technology. Lenovo, Nokia, Ericsson, ZTE, Cisco and Samsung is working on infrastructure.
For deployment of 5G, 3GPP is defining new core network as well as new radio access network. New core network of 5G is 5GC and new radio access technology called “5G NR” new radio.5G use cases are already being built around immersive sports viewing and augmented reality applications.
Carrier Aggregation in LTE Releases3rd Generation Partnership Proj.docxannandleola
Carrier Aggregation in LTE Releases
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
The 3GPP unites seven telecommunications standard development organizations (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC), which is an umbrella for these standards organizations, that develop protocols for mobile telecommunication. The 3GPP organizes its work into three different streams: Radio Access Networks, Services and Systems Aspects, and Core Network and Terminals, which provide a complete system description for mobile telecommunications. It was established in December 1998 with the goal of developing a specification for a 3G mobile phone system based on the 2G GSM system, within the scope of the International Telecommunication Union's.LTE and LTE-A
The Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is an emerging technology, which is standardized by the 3GPP and evolving to meet the International Mobile Telecommunication Advanced (IMT-Advanced) requirements named as LTE-Advanced. The main goal of LTE is to provide a high data rate, low latency and packet optimized radio access technology supporting flexible bandwidth deployments. The network architecture of LTE has been designed with the goal to support packet-switched traffic with seamless mobility and great quality of service.
LTE is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals. LTE is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA technologies. LTE increases the capacity and speed of wireless mobile communication by using a different radio interface and other core network improvements. LTE uses different frequencies and bands in different countries. LTE is commonly marketed as 4G LTE & Advance 4G. LTE is also commonly known as 3.95G. LTE-Advanced or LTE-A is a major enhancement of the LTE standard. LTE-A uses several techniques and technologies (hardware and software) to meet higher network-performance standards. The technique of this standard which we are using in our work is following.
· Increased peak data rate for DL/UL
· Improved performance at cell edges.
· Carrier Aggregation (CA), the enhanced use of multi-antenna techniques.
· Support for Relay Nodes, LTE Femtocell and macro cell.
Based on the requirements and observations, the 3GPP has identified carrier aggregation (CA) as major feature for achieving improved data rate. It is a worth noting that BW aggregation basic concept has been used in 3G. Similarly, there are options in High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) evaluation to aggregate up to four carriers for downlinks, up to two carriers for uplink and have consider both the carriers contiguous. In release 8/9 of 3GPP LTE different carrier BW of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz being used that provide support for several deployment plus spectrum plans. Succeeding the desires of 100 MHz BW of system, Release 10 of 3GPP LTE has presented CA one of the foremost important structure of LTE-Advanced to balance the bandwidth a far 20 MHz. CA Release 10 described up to 100 MHz system bandwidth can.
LTE is a mobile broadband technology specified in 3GPP release 8 that provides higher data rates of up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink. The high-level architecture of LTE includes user equipment (UE), the evolved-UTRAN radio access network, and the evolved packet core. LTE Advanced, specified in release 10, utilizes technologies like carrier aggregation to support peak rates of 1 Gbps downlink and 500 Mbps uplink. LTE Advanced in unlicensed spectrum as specified in release 13 aggregates unlicensed bands with licensed spectrum for a unified LTE network leveraging both types of spectrum.
Migration to 5G and Deployment Training and certification by TELCOMA GlobalGaganpreet Singh Walia
5G technology enables enhanced mobile broadband services, which offers higher data rates, lower latency and more capacity. Development of 5G technology is being led by companies such as Huawei, Intel and Qualcomm for modem technology. Lenovo, Nokia, Ericsson, ZTE, Cisco and Samsung is working on infrastructure.
For deployment of 5G, 3GPP is defining new core network as well as new radio access network. New core network of 5G is 5GC and new radio access technology called “5G NR” new radio.5G use cases are already being built around immersive sports viewing and augmented reality applications.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a standard for wireless data communication technology that improves data transmission capabilities over 3G networks. It introduces technologies like OFDM and MIMO to significantly increase spectral efficiency and data rates. The goals of LTE were to enhance network capacity and speed, improve coverage and mobility, optimize quality, and reduce costs. LTE supports bandwidths from 1.4MHz to 20MHz and both TDD and FDD duplex modes. It has since evolved into LTE-Advanced to further increase speeds up to 1Gbps.
Introduction to Wireless cellular technologie and NGN,IMS ganeshmaali
This document provides an overview of wireless cellular technologies and introduces Next Generation Networks (NGN). It discusses 2G technologies like GSM and CDMA and how they focused on circuit switched voice, SMS, and low-speed data. It then covers 2.5G and 3G technologies like GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, CDMA2000, which enabled higher-speed packet-switched data. The document also discusses 4G technologies like LTE and LTE-Advanced, along with key aspects of their network architectures. Finally, it provides a brief introduction to NGN and the IP Multimedia Subsystem.
Zahid Ghadialy, Principal Analyst and Consultant discusses the controversial topic of "Real 5G" or "True 5G". To explain the concept he goes back to explain the difference between ITU defined requirements of IMT-Advanced and how that translated to 4G via LTE/LTE-Advanced. The main point to remember is that "there will be different flavours of 5G whether you like it or not. Get over it!"
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
As a global leader of IP based satellite communications
our platform is designed to deliver the highest performance,
greatest efficiency and maximum opportunity for ST Engineering iDirect partners. Key differentiators when using a solution for 2G/3G/4G/LTE connectivity is our SatHaul-XE™ Optimization Suite which integrates Cellular Backhaul optimization with features that include TCP Acceleration features with GTP optimization, IPSec specifically for mobile networks, and Compression.
BIEL has successfully launched an LTE network in Bangladesh, becoming one of the first to deploy a large-scale WiMAX network in 2007. It now covers major areas of Dhaka with LTE. LTE uses improved radio interfaces and core networks compared to previous technologies to increase network capacity and speed. LTE can provide download speeds up to 100Mbps and upload speeds up to 50Mbps. BIEL complied with all requirements to obtain a license allowing them to provide LTE services in Bangladesh.
This document summarizes LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology, including its goals of high data rates and low latency. Key factors that allow LTE to achieve these goals are new modulation techniques like OFDM, scalable bandwidth, and MIMO antennas. LTE provides advantages like simplified network architecture and automated management. While LTE adoption is growing, challenges include high device costs and need for additional spectrum in some areas.
LTE stands for Long term evolution.
Next Generation mobile broad band technology.
Commonly referred as 4G LTE,is a standard for wireless communication of high speed data for mobile phones and data terminals .
It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using a different radio interface together with core network improvements.
LTE is the new standard for nationwide public safety broadband.
The document discusses the evolution of cellular network technologies over time, from 2G technologies like GSM and CDMA that focused on circuit-switched voice calls, to 2.5G and 3G technologies that enhanced data capabilities. It describes key 3G standards like UMTS and CDMA2000, as well as 4G LTE and LTE Advanced, which were accepted as 4G technologies and aimed to support higher peak data rates. The document also mentions some associated protocols, frequency bands used, and career opportunities in the telecommunications field.
AT&T is investing heavily to improve, expand, evolve and innovate its wireless network. It plans to spend $17-18 billion in 2009, deploying new cell sites, expanding 3G coverage to 350 metro areas, and installing new backhaul connections to support higher speeds. AT&T is also preparing for the future evolution to 4G technologies like LTE that will provide significantly faster speeds and more robust services for both consumers and businesses.
Edge hspa and_lte_broadband_innovation_powerpoint_sept08Muhammad Ali Basra
This document summarizes the key innovations and developments in broadband wireless technologies, including EDGE, HSPA, HSPA+, and LTE. It finds that persistent innovation has significantly advanced capabilities from GPRS to current technologies that can deliver over 10 Mbps speeds. GSM/UMTS has an overwhelming global subscriber base and deployment. HSPA networks regularly achieve over 1 Mbps speeds and HSPA+ will increase this further. LTE is the most powerful wide-area wireless technology and is being adopted as the next-generation platform.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. It describes LTE as the successor to 2G and 3G mobile network standards, aiming to provide significantly higher data rates over 100 Mbps. The key factors that allow LTE to achieve this include advanced modulation techniques like OFDM and MIMO, scalable bandwidth allocation, and a simplified all-IP core network. LTE provides advantages for both users and network operators, including improved services, lower costs, and more automated network management. While LTE adoption is growing, it still faces challenges around device compatibility and network upgrades.
This white paper summarizes 5G technology components included in 3GPP Release 14, 15 and 16 specifications. Key technologies discussed include small cell enhancements, device-to-device communication, network solutions, mobility enhancements, machine communications, and coverage enhancements. 5G aims to support higher data rates, lower latency, and more connected devices compared to previous standards. However, challenges remain regarding interference management, efficient medium access control, and optimizing 5G for both human and machine traffic.
This document discusses mobile backhaul and Ethernet 4G (E4G) solutions from Extreme Networks. It provides an overview of key areas of investment for service providers, including mobile backhaul, campus, datacenter, and virtualization networks. It also describes Extreme's E4G product lines for cell site routers and aggregation routers, which provide carrier-grade Ethernet switching and resiliency, as well as timing and pseudowire functionality to support 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile networks.
Femtocells provide an essential solution for improving mobile broadband coverage, capacity and reducing churn. They leverage a user's fixed broadband to provide indoor cellular coverage through a small home base station. Femtocell solutions involve femtocell access points and gateways to extend coverage from the macro network and offload traffic using the user's broadband backhaul. Trillium provides protocol software and reference applications to power femtocell solutions for both 3G and LTE networks.
LTE delivers higher data rates and lower latency to support new applications. It enhances the user experience for demanding applications like interactive TV and mobile video. LTE reduces the cost per gigabyte of data delivered and supports a full IP network. Global industry support is driving LTE deployments, with 113 network commitments in 46 countries and 55 networks anticipated to be launched by end of 2012. LTE provides an evolution path for existing 3G technologies and will become the single global mobile broadband standard.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. Key points include:
- LTE is designed to provide high-speed data and media transport with high-capacity voice support through the next decade.
- It enables high-performance mobile broadband services using high bitrates and system throughput in both uplink and downlink with low latency.
- The LTE infrastructure is designed to be simple to deploy and operate across flexible frequency bands from less than 5MHz to 20MHz.
- The LTE-SAE architecture reduces network nodes and supports flexible configurations for high service availability across multiple standards.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the successor to 3G UMTS and HSPA cellular networks. It was developed by 3GPP to provide significantly higher data download speeds and lay the foundation for 4G networks. LTE uses OFDM modulation and either OFDMA or SC-FDMA for multiple access, which allows it to achieve higher spectral efficiency and latency below 10ms compared to prior standards. This enables LTE to meet increasing demands for high-speed data transmission.
This document summarizes an agenda for a presentation on LTE and EPC. The presentation covers the timeline and development of LTE standards, an overview of the LTE radio interface including OFDMA and bandwidth options, and applications enabled by LTE such as video streaming. It also provides an overview of the Evolved Packet Core including the motivation for evolving 3G core networks to an all-IP architecture and the network functions of the EPC such as the MME, SGW and PGW. Mobility and interworking with 2G, 3G and non-3G networks via the EPC is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology and concepts. It begins with a comparison of 3G and 4G technologies, outlining issues with 3G related to performance, mobility management, architecture, and procedures. It then discusses the key requirements for LTE, including support for high data rates, IP services, and flexible bandwidth deployment. The physical layer characteristics of LTE that help meet these requirements are described, such as OFDM, scalable bandwidth, smart antenna technologies like MIMO, and fast scheduling. The document also covers LTE channel bands, system architecture evolution, and the role of the evolved NodeB in the network.
This document provides an overview and introduction to 5G networks for mobile operators. It discusses the expectations for the 5G era, how 5G differs from 4G networks through improved latency, speeds and support for new use cases. It outlines the timeline for 5G standards completion and connections growth forecasts. It also examines the enabling conditions required for 5G deployment, including technology, policy and market readiness. Key areas that operators must consider to create and capture value from 5G are explored, along with the associated costs.
Migration to 5G and Deployment Training and certification by TELCOMA GlobalGaganpreet Singh Walia
5G technology enables enhanced mobile broadband services, which offers higher data rates, lower latency and more capacity. Development of 5G technology is being led by companies such as Huawei, Intel and Qualcomm for modem technology. Lenovo, Nokia, Ericsson, ZTE, Cisco and Samsung is working on infrastructure.
For deployment of 5G, 3GPP is defining new core network as well as new radio access network. New core network of 5G is 5GC and new radio access technology called “5G NR” new radio.5G use cases are already being built around immersive sports viewing and augmented reality applications.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a standard for wireless data communication technology that improves data transmission capabilities over 3G networks. It introduces technologies like OFDM and MIMO to significantly increase spectral efficiency and data rates. The goals of LTE were to enhance network capacity and speed, improve coverage and mobility, optimize quality, and reduce costs. LTE supports bandwidths from 1.4MHz to 20MHz and both TDD and FDD duplex modes. It has since evolved into LTE-Advanced to further increase speeds up to 1Gbps.
Introduction to Wireless cellular technologie and NGN,IMS ganeshmaali
This document provides an overview of wireless cellular technologies and introduces Next Generation Networks (NGN). It discusses 2G technologies like GSM and CDMA and how they focused on circuit switched voice, SMS, and low-speed data. It then covers 2.5G and 3G technologies like GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, CDMA2000, which enabled higher-speed packet-switched data. The document also discusses 4G technologies like LTE and LTE-Advanced, along with key aspects of their network architectures. Finally, it provides a brief introduction to NGN and the IP Multimedia Subsystem.
Zahid Ghadialy, Principal Analyst and Consultant discusses the controversial topic of "Real 5G" or "True 5G". To explain the concept he goes back to explain the difference between ITU defined requirements of IMT-Advanced and how that translated to 4G via LTE/LTE-Advanced. The main point to remember is that "there will be different flavours of 5G whether you like it or not. Get over it!"
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
As a global leader of IP based satellite communications
our platform is designed to deliver the highest performance,
greatest efficiency and maximum opportunity for ST Engineering iDirect partners. Key differentiators when using a solution for 2G/3G/4G/LTE connectivity is our SatHaul-XE™ Optimization Suite which integrates Cellular Backhaul optimization with features that include TCP Acceleration features with GTP optimization, IPSec specifically for mobile networks, and Compression.
BIEL has successfully launched an LTE network in Bangladesh, becoming one of the first to deploy a large-scale WiMAX network in 2007. It now covers major areas of Dhaka with LTE. LTE uses improved radio interfaces and core networks compared to previous technologies to increase network capacity and speed. LTE can provide download speeds up to 100Mbps and upload speeds up to 50Mbps. BIEL complied with all requirements to obtain a license allowing them to provide LTE services in Bangladesh.
This document summarizes LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology, including its goals of high data rates and low latency. Key factors that allow LTE to achieve these goals are new modulation techniques like OFDM, scalable bandwidth, and MIMO antennas. LTE provides advantages like simplified network architecture and automated management. While LTE adoption is growing, challenges include high device costs and need for additional spectrum in some areas.
LTE stands for Long term evolution.
Next Generation mobile broad band technology.
Commonly referred as 4G LTE,is a standard for wireless communication of high speed data for mobile phones and data terminals .
It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using a different radio interface together with core network improvements.
LTE is the new standard for nationwide public safety broadband.
The document discusses the evolution of cellular network technologies over time, from 2G technologies like GSM and CDMA that focused on circuit-switched voice calls, to 2.5G and 3G technologies that enhanced data capabilities. It describes key 3G standards like UMTS and CDMA2000, as well as 4G LTE and LTE Advanced, which were accepted as 4G technologies and aimed to support higher peak data rates. The document also mentions some associated protocols, frequency bands used, and career opportunities in the telecommunications field.
AT&T is investing heavily to improve, expand, evolve and innovate its wireless network. It plans to spend $17-18 billion in 2009, deploying new cell sites, expanding 3G coverage to 350 metro areas, and installing new backhaul connections to support higher speeds. AT&T is also preparing for the future evolution to 4G technologies like LTE that will provide significantly faster speeds and more robust services for both consumers and businesses.
Edge hspa and_lte_broadband_innovation_powerpoint_sept08Muhammad Ali Basra
This document summarizes the key innovations and developments in broadband wireless technologies, including EDGE, HSPA, HSPA+, and LTE. It finds that persistent innovation has significantly advanced capabilities from GPRS to current technologies that can deliver over 10 Mbps speeds. GSM/UMTS has an overwhelming global subscriber base and deployment. HSPA networks regularly achieve over 1 Mbps speeds and HSPA+ will increase this further. LTE is the most powerful wide-area wireless technology and is being adopted as the next-generation platform.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. It describes LTE as the successor to 2G and 3G mobile network standards, aiming to provide significantly higher data rates over 100 Mbps. The key factors that allow LTE to achieve this include advanced modulation techniques like OFDM and MIMO, scalable bandwidth allocation, and a simplified all-IP core network. LTE provides advantages for both users and network operators, including improved services, lower costs, and more automated network management. While LTE adoption is growing, it still faces challenges around device compatibility and network upgrades.
This white paper summarizes 5G technology components included in 3GPP Release 14, 15 and 16 specifications. Key technologies discussed include small cell enhancements, device-to-device communication, network solutions, mobility enhancements, machine communications, and coverage enhancements. 5G aims to support higher data rates, lower latency, and more connected devices compared to previous standards. However, challenges remain regarding interference management, efficient medium access control, and optimizing 5G for both human and machine traffic.
This document discusses mobile backhaul and Ethernet 4G (E4G) solutions from Extreme Networks. It provides an overview of key areas of investment for service providers, including mobile backhaul, campus, datacenter, and virtualization networks. It also describes Extreme's E4G product lines for cell site routers and aggregation routers, which provide carrier-grade Ethernet switching and resiliency, as well as timing and pseudowire functionality to support 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile networks.
Femtocells provide an essential solution for improving mobile broadband coverage, capacity and reducing churn. They leverage a user's fixed broadband to provide indoor cellular coverage through a small home base station. Femtocell solutions involve femtocell access points and gateways to extend coverage from the macro network and offload traffic using the user's broadband backhaul. Trillium provides protocol software and reference applications to power femtocell solutions for both 3G and LTE networks.
LTE delivers higher data rates and lower latency to support new applications. It enhances the user experience for demanding applications like interactive TV and mobile video. LTE reduces the cost per gigabyte of data delivered and supports a full IP network. Global industry support is driving LTE deployments, with 113 network commitments in 46 countries and 55 networks anticipated to be launched by end of 2012. LTE provides an evolution path for existing 3G technologies and will become the single global mobile broadband standard.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. Key points include:
- LTE is designed to provide high-speed data and media transport with high-capacity voice support through the next decade.
- It enables high-performance mobile broadband services using high bitrates and system throughput in both uplink and downlink with low latency.
- The LTE infrastructure is designed to be simple to deploy and operate across flexible frequency bands from less than 5MHz to 20MHz.
- The LTE-SAE architecture reduces network nodes and supports flexible configurations for high service availability across multiple standards.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the successor to 3G UMTS and HSPA cellular networks. It was developed by 3GPP to provide significantly higher data download speeds and lay the foundation for 4G networks. LTE uses OFDM modulation and either OFDMA or SC-FDMA for multiple access, which allows it to achieve higher spectral efficiency and latency below 10ms compared to prior standards. This enables LTE to meet increasing demands for high-speed data transmission.
This document summarizes an agenda for a presentation on LTE and EPC. The presentation covers the timeline and development of LTE standards, an overview of the LTE radio interface including OFDMA and bandwidth options, and applications enabled by LTE such as video streaming. It also provides an overview of the Evolved Packet Core including the motivation for evolving 3G core networks to an all-IP architecture and the network functions of the EPC such as the MME, SGW and PGW. Mobility and interworking with 2G, 3G and non-3G networks via the EPC is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology and concepts. It begins with a comparison of 3G and 4G technologies, outlining issues with 3G related to performance, mobility management, architecture, and procedures. It then discusses the key requirements for LTE, including support for high data rates, IP services, and flexible bandwidth deployment. The physical layer characteristics of LTE that help meet these requirements are described, such as OFDM, scalable bandwidth, smart antenna technologies like MIMO, and fast scheduling. The document also covers LTE channel bands, system architecture evolution, and the role of the evolved NodeB in the network.
This document provides an overview and introduction to 5G networks for mobile operators. It discusses the expectations for the 5G era, how 5G differs from 4G networks through improved latency, speeds and support for new use cases. It outlines the timeline for 5G standards completion and connections growth forecasts. It also examines the enabling conditions required for 5G deployment, including technology, policy and market readiness. Key areas that operators must consider to create and capture value from 5G are explored, along with the associated costs.
The document provides information about Award Solutions, Inc., a company that offers training on wireless and IP technologies. It describes Award Solutions' areas of expertise including 4G, LTE, EPC, IMS, and various wireless technologies. It outlines the types of training and services offered, including instructor-led training, self-paced eLearning, consulting services, and public training events. The document also lists sample course titles in emerging technologies, IP convergence, UMTS/HSPA+, 4G LTE, and topics for business audiences.
This document is a student guide for a Qualcomm training course on Long Term Evolution (LTE/FDD) Fundamentals. It provides an outline of the course, which covers the evolution of 3GPP networks, the key aspects and performance targets of LTE, the LTE network architecture including E-UTRAN and EPC, and the protocol layers of E-UTRAN. It also defines various 3GPP terminology and lists many common LTE acronyms.
UMTS/W-CDMA was initially designed for circuit-switched traffic and was not well-suited for growing IP data traffic. 3GPP made improvements through releases 5-8 to enhance HSDPA, HSUPA, and introduce LTE, providing higher data rates and capacity. LTE aims to meet increasing user demands for broadband connectivity by providing peak data rates up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink through improved radio interface features and reduced latency below 10ms. LTE can be deployed in both urban and rural areas using various spectrum bands to enable a step-wise upgrade path from UMTS networks.
This document provides an overview of Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio access network planning. It covers LTE fundamentals and key technologies like OFDM modulation, frame structure, and reference signal structure. It also discusses frequency and spectrum planning considerations like channel bandwidth, carrier frequency, and frequency reuse schemes. Additionally, it addresses link budget and coverage planning factors such as propagation parameters, channel models, and multipath/Doppler effects.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) including what LTE is, its key features and benefits, the LTE radio access network architecture, available services and markets, and device availability. Some of the main points covered include that LTE is the 4G standard designed to meet high speed data needs, it provides speeds over 100Mbps, low latency, simpler network structure than 3G, and efficient spectrum use. The document also discusses LTE deployment status worldwide, performance advantages over HSPA, and the types of initial LTE devices available.
The document discusses the architecture of 4G LTE networks. It describes how 4G networks have a simplified architecture compared to 3G and 2G networks by removing unnecessary nodes. The 4G radio access network (RAN) consists only of eNodeB base stations, while the core network is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). The eNodeB handles all radio resource management and mobility functions without relying on additional nodes. This allows for faster handovers between base stations in 4G. The EPC connects the 4G network to external data networks and contains entities like the MME, HSS, SGW, and PGW to manage user authentication, mobility, routing, and internet connectivity.
This document provides an overview of LTE and its evolution towards 5G networks. It describes LTE as the 4G technology standardized by 3GPP, and the new radio access technology currently being standardized as 5G. Key topics covered include the LTE protocol structure, physical layer, connection procedures, and major enhancements over time like carrier aggregation and support for new use cases. The document also discusses 5G radio access requirements and technical realization currently being standardized to provide 5G wireless connectivity.
This document provides an introduction to the Long Term Evolution (LTE) training course. It discusses the drivers for LTE development including the need for higher data rates. It describes the 3GPP standards process and how LTE fits into the evolution of GSM networks. Key goals for LTE performance are outlined such as improved spectrum efficiency and reduced latency. The document also contains copyright and distribution restrictions.
The document discusses the challenges of 5G testing and evaluation. It notes that 5G will introduce new technologies like massive MIMO, new waveforms, and non-orthogonal multiple access that will increase computational complexity for simulation systems. It also discusses the need for 5G testing and evaluation to have real-world channel models, comprehensively support diverse technologies and performance indicators, rapidly evolve to handle increased computational needs, and be flexible. The evolution of testing technology and instruments over different eras is reviewed.
The document provides an overview of LTE fundamentals and network architecture. It discusses the evolution of wireless technologies over generations and how LTE differs from 3G with features like higher data rates, lower latency and support for MIMO. It describes the LTE network architecture consisting of the radio access network (E-UTRAN) and core network (EPC). It also covers topics like interfaces, the life cycle of a user equipment, radio access techniques and channels in LTE.
This document provides an overview of traditional telephone network signaling protocols and voice over IP protocols. It discusses SS7 and its components for traditional PSTN signaling, as well as peer-to-peer and client-server protocol architectures. Specific protocols covered include H.323, SIP, MGCP, and SCCP. Network design considerations for VoIP are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of LTE fundamentals, including:
1. It discusses the evolution of mobile networks and technologies leading to the development of LTE, from 1G to 4G networks.
2. It compares LTE to other wireless technologies such as WiMAX and discusses the technical specifications of LTE.
3. It describes the standardization process and technical requirements for LTE as defined by 3GPP, the governing standards body.
4. It provides details on the system architecture of LTE and its core network elements and interfaces.
The document discusses the history and importance of chocolate in human civilization. It notes that chocolate originated in Mesoamerica over 3000 years ago and was prized by the Aztecs and Mayans for its taste. Cocoa beans were used as currency and their cultivation was tightly regulated. The Spanish brought cocoa to Europe in the 16th century, starting its global spread and the development of the chocolate industry.
The document provides an overview of LTE technology, including:
- LTE uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink, allowing for high peak data rates of 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink per 20 MHz of spectrum.
- LTE supports both Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) and Time Division Duplexing (TDD) with flexible bandwidths from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz.
- Key aspects of the physical layer include orthogonal sub-carriers, MIMO, and a cyclic prefix to mitigate inter-symbol interference.
- The frame structure depends on whether FDD or TDD is used, with
This document contains questions and answers about LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. Some key points covered include:
- OFDMA is used for downlink and SC-FDMA is used for uplink to overcome high PAPR issues.
- CDS dynamically schedules radio resources, modulation, coding and power control based on channel quality and traffic load.
- MIMO uses multiple antennas to increase data rates up to a maximum of 8x8 MIMO.
- The LTE network architecture includes the eNB, MME, S-GW and P-GW connected by various interfaces like S1, S6a, S5 etc.
- Security in LTE is based on
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a cellular technology that provides significantly faster data speeds of up to 150 Mbps downstream and 50 Mbps upstream. This document provides an overview of the LTE protocol stack, tracing the path of a data packet through the layers from physical to medium access control to radio link control and packet data convergence protocol. Key aspects of LTE operation discussed include hybrid automatic repeat request for error correction, scheduling, quality of service controls, handovers between base stations, and power saving modes.
15 - Introduction to Optimization Tools Rev A.pptMohamedShabana37
This document provides an overview of TEMS Investigation and TEMS Visualization, two optimization tools from Ericsson. TEMS Investigation allows users to collect, analyze, and post-process network data to verify and optimize UMTS, GSM, GPRS, and EDGE networks. It helps troubleshoot issues like dropped calls, coverage imbalance, pilot pollution and missing neighbors. TEMS Visualization analyzes statistics from Ericsson's OSS to identify problems like missing neighbors, pilot polluters and call issues using a call event analyzer and other features. The document describes the capabilities and interface of both tools.
The document discusses coverage and capacity concepts for WCDMA networks. It provides 3 key points:
1) WCDMA uses processing gain to provide different coverage levels for various services, with higher bit rate services requiring more power. Cell breathing and pole capacity concepts are also introduced.
2) Coverage is analyzed through uplink and downlink link budget comparisons to GSM. WCDMA is shown to provide better coverage for similar services.
3) Network capacity is maximized by optimizing the distribution of power between common and dedicated channels. Uneven user distributions and cell loading also impact achievable capacity. HSDPA is noted to further increase the average power utilization in the network.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.