LTE was developed to overcome limitations in 3G networks like UMTS. It uses OFDM which divides the carrier bandwidth into multiple narrowband subcarriers to reduce multipath fading effects. LTE-Advanced was then created to meet 4G requirements like peak download rates of 1 Gbps by using wider bandwidths up to 20 MHz and carrier aggregation. It fulfills 3GPP and ITU requirements to be considered a true 4G mobile network technology.
The document discusses the evolution of 4G cellular technology, including LTE, LTE-Advanced, and LTE-Advanced Pro. It notes that LTE-Advanced Pro, defined in 3GPP Release 13 and 14, builds upon previous releases to provide significantly increased data speeds, efficiency, and network capacity compared to prior 4G standards. Key features of LTE-Advanced Pro include support for up to 32 component carriers of 20 MHz each for a total bandwidth of 640 MHz, data rates exceeding 3 Gbps, latency under 2ms, and the ability to aggregate licensed and unlicensed spectrum.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a standard for wireless data communication technology that improves data transmission capabilities over 3G networks. It introduces technologies like OFDM and MIMO to significantly increase spectral efficiency and data rates. The goals of LTE were to enhance network capacity and speed, improve coverage and mobility, optimize quality, and reduce costs. LTE supports bandwidths from 1.4MHz to 20MHz and both TDD and FDD duplex modes. It has since evolved into LTE-Advanced to further increase speeds up to 1Gbps.
The document provides an overview of LTE Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro mobile network technologies. It discusses the brief history of LTE and its evolution through 3GPP releases. Key aspects covered include the network architecture in LTE consisting of the radio access network and evolved packet core. LTE Advanced introduced new features like carrier aggregation and coordinated multi-point to meet the requirements for higher peak data rates and capacity. LTE-Advanced Pro supports further enhancements including advanced carrier aggregation and License Assisted Access.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 4G wireless technology designed to support higher data speeds and capacities. It uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. LTE supports MIMO to increase data rates through multiple antennas. The LTE network architecture consists of the eNodeB base stations, Mobility Management Entity (MME) for control plane functions, Serving Gateway (SGW) for user plane functions, and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) connecting to external networks. Voice can be supported in LTE through Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) to legacy networks or using Voice over LTE (VoLTE) with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS
LTE is a mobile broadband technology specified in 3GPP release 8 that provides higher data rates of up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink. The high-level architecture of LTE includes user equipment (UE), the evolved-UTRAN radio access network, and the evolved packet core. LTE Advanced, specified in release 10, utilizes technologies like carrier aggregation to support peak rates of 1 Gbps downlink and 500 Mbps uplink. LTE Advanced in unlicensed spectrum as specified in release 13 aggregates unlicensed bands with licensed spectrum for a unified LTE network leveraging both types of spectrum.
LTE-Advanced is an evolution of LTE that enables faster speeds and improved performance. It utilizes carrier aggregation to combine multiple component carriers to increase bandwidth up to 100MHz. It enhances MIMO technology to support up to 8 antenna pairs for downloads and 4 pairs for uploads. It also introduces relay nodes to extend network coverage and capacity to cell edges. These new technologies allow LTE-Advanced to achieve peak download speeds of 1Gbps and upload speeds of 500Mbps, providing a true 4G experience.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the successor to 3G UMTS and HSPA cellular networks. It was developed by 3GPP to provide significantly higher data download speeds and lay the foundation for 4G networks. LTE uses OFDM modulation and either OFDMA or SC-FDMA for multiple access, which allows it to achieve higher spectral efficiency and latency below 10ms compared to prior standards. This enables LTE to meet increasing demands for high-speed data transmission.
01 FO_BT1101_C01_1 LTE FDD Principles and Key Technologies.pptxSudheeraIndrajith
The document provides an overview of LTE principles and key technologies. It outlines objectives to understand the LTE network architecture, protocols, frame structure, and key technologies. It then covers topics including LTE network elements and interfaces, protocol structure, frame formats, and resource allocation. The goal is for readers to gain a thorough understanding of LTE fundamentals.
The document discusses the evolution of 4G cellular technology, including LTE, LTE-Advanced, and LTE-Advanced Pro. It notes that LTE-Advanced Pro, defined in 3GPP Release 13 and 14, builds upon previous releases to provide significantly increased data speeds, efficiency, and network capacity compared to prior 4G standards. Key features of LTE-Advanced Pro include support for up to 32 component carriers of 20 MHz each for a total bandwidth of 640 MHz, data rates exceeding 3 Gbps, latency under 2ms, and the ability to aggregate licensed and unlicensed spectrum.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a standard for wireless data communication technology that improves data transmission capabilities over 3G networks. It introduces technologies like OFDM and MIMO to significantly increase spectral efficiency and data rates. The goals of LTE were to enhance network capacity and speed, improve coverage and mobility, optimize quality, and reduce costs. LTE supports bandwidths from 1.4MHz to 20MHz and both TDD and FDD duplex modes. It has since evolved into LTE-Advanced to further increase speeds up to 1Gbps.
The document provides an overview of LTE Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro mobile network technologies. It discusses the brief history of LTE and its evolution through 3GPP releases. Key aspects covered include the network architecture in LTE consisting of the radio access network and evolved packet core. LTE Advanced introduced new features like carrier aggregation and coordinated multi-point to meet the requirements for higher peak data rates and capacity. LTE-Advanced Pro supports further enhancements including advanced carrier aggregation and License Assisted Access.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 4G wireless technology designed to support higher data speeds and capacities. It uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. LTE supports MIMO to increase data rates through multiple antennas. The LTE network architecture consists of the eNodeB base stations, Mobility Management Entity (MME) for control plane functions, Serving Gateway (SGW) for user plane functions, and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) connecting to external networks. Voice can be supported in LTE through Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) to legacy networks or using Voice over LTE (VoLTE) with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS
LTE is a mobile broadband technology specified in 3GPP release 8 that provides higher data rates of up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink. The high-level architecture of LTE includes user equipment (UE), the evolved-UTRAN radio access network, and the evolved packet core. LTE Advanced, specified in release 10, utilizes technologies like carrier aggregation to support peak rates of 1 Gbps downlink and 500 Mbps uplink. LTE Advanced in unlicensed spectrum as specified in release 13 aggregates unlicensed bands with licensed spectrum for a unified LTE network leveraging both types of spectrum.
LTE-Advanced is an evolution of LTE that enables faster speeds and improved performance. It utilizes carrier aggregation to combine multiple component carriers to increase bandwidth up to 100MHz. It enhances MIMO technology to support up to 8 antenna pairs for downloads and 4 pairs for uploads. It also introduces relay nodes to extend network coverage and capacity to cell edges. These new technologies allow LTE-Advanced to achieve peak download speeds of 1Gbps and upload speeds of 500Mbps, providing a true 4G experience.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the successor to 3G UMTS and HSPA cellular networks. It was developed by 3GPP to provide significantly higher data download speeds and lay the foundation for 4G networks. LTE uses OFDM modulation and either OFDMA or SC-FDMA for multiple access, which allows it to achieve higher spectral efficiency and latency below 10ms compared to prior standards. This enables LTE to meet increasing demands for high-speed data transmission.
01 FO_BT1101_C01_1 LTE FDD Principles and Key Technologies.pptxSudheeraIndrajith
The document provides an overview of LTE principles and key technologies. It outlines objectives to understand the LTE network architecture, protocols, frame structure, and key technologies. It then covers topics including LTE network elements and interfaces, protocol structure, frame formats, and resource allocation. The goal is for readers to gain a thorough understanding of LTE fundamentals.
This tutorial has been designed for audiences with a need to understand the LTE technology basics in very simple terms. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on LTE technology from where you can take yourself at higher level of expertise.
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) network architecture and technology. It discusses the drivers for LTE including higher data rates and lower latency. It describes the evolution from 3G networks to LTE, which features a simplified all-IP architecture without circuit-switched elements. Key aspects of LTE include OFDMA modulation, support for bandwidths up to 20 MHz, and peak data rates of 100 Mbps downstream and 50 Mbps upstream.
The document provides an overview of LTE fundamentals and network architecture. It discusses the evolution of wireless technologies over generations and how LTE differs from 3G with features like higher data rates, lower latency and support for MIMO. It describes the LTE network architecture consisting of the radio access network (E-UTRAN) and core network (EPC). It also covers topics like interfaces, the life cycle of a user equipment, radio access techniques and channels in LTE.
Content
Brief history about wireless ecosystem.
What is LTE (Long Term Evolution) ?
How is it different from older technologies ?
Network architecture in LTE
Radio Access network (RAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Bearers in LTE
Interfaces in LTE
Life Cycle of a UE
LTE RAN overview
Architecture and requirements
Channel bandwidths and operating bands
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Frequency (LTE-FDD) and time division duplexing (LTE-TDD)
Multiple Antenna techniques in LTE
Channels in LTE and protocol Stack
LTE EPC overview
Architecture
Functions of various elements in EPC
The document discusses the architecture of 4G LTE networks. It describes how 4G networks have a simplified architecture compared to 3G and 2G networks by removing unnecessary nodes. The 4G radio access network (RAN) consists only of eNodeB base stations, while the core network is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). The eNodeB handles all radio resource management and mobility functions without relying on additional nodes. This allows for faster handovers between base stations in 4G. The EPC connects the 4G network to external data networks and contains entities like the MME, HSS, SGW, and PGW to manage user authentication, mobility, routing, and internet connectivity.
This document discusses enhancements to future radio access technologies beyond LTE Release 11. It notes that mobile data traffic is growing rapidly due to factors like increased video usage and high-speed mobile access. To meet projected 1000x capacity growth needs by 2020, the document proposes utilizing wider bandwidths up to 1 GHz, higher frequency bands, and more efficient spectrum utilization through hybrid radio access across multiple bands. It also discusses technologies for enhancing spectrum efficiency and supporting denser small cell networks, such as dynamic TDD, flexible duplexing schemes, and hybrid radio access adaptations. The document advocates both backward compatible evolutions and complementary evolutions in future 3GPP releases to achieve sufficient capacity gains while maintaining backward compatibility.
LTE Basic Guide _ Structure_Layers_Protocol stacks_LTE control channels senthil krishnan
LTE is a standard for wireless broadband communication that aims to provide faster data speeds and improved system capacity. It evolved from 3G UMTS standards developed by 3GPP. The main goals of LTE are to increase data rates, improve spectral efficiency, and reduce latency. LTE introduced new network architectures using IP-based backhaul between network nodes and evolved packet core (EPC) to support packet-switched traffic with seamless mobility and quality of service. Key aspects of LTE include support for flexible bandwidths up to 20 MHz, MIMO transmission, and both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. Key points include:
- LTE is designed to provide high-speed data and media transport with high-capacity voice support through the next decade.
- It enables high-performance mobile broadband services using high bitrates and system throughput in both uplink and downlink with low latency.
- The LTE infrastructure is designed to be simple to deploy and operate across flexible frequency bands from less than 5MHz to 20MHz.
- The LTE-SAE architecture reduces network nodes and supports flexible configurations for high service availability across multiple standards.
Content
Brief history about wireless ecosystem.
What is LTE (Long Term Evolution) ?
How is it different from older technologies ?
Network architecture in LTE
Radio Access network (RAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Bearers in LTE
Interfaces in LTE
Life Cycle of a UE
LTE RAN overview
Architecture and requirements
Channel bandwidths and operating bands
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Frequency (LTE-FDD) and time division duplexing (LTE-TDD)
Multiple Antenna techniques in LTE
Channels in LTE and protocol Stack
LTE EPC overview
Architecture
Functions of various elements in EPC
LTE describes standardization work by 3GPP to define a new high-speed radio access method for mobile communications systems. Key features of LTE include significantly higher data rates of up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink, lower latency, flexible spectrum usage, and an evolution to an all-IP core network. LTE will enable rich new mobile broadband services like high-quality video streaming and sharing, as well as applications in areas like machine-to-machine communication.
This document summarizes LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology, including its goals of high data rates and low latency. Key factors that allow LTE to achieve these goals are new modulation techniques like OFDM, scalable bandwidth, and MIMO antennas. LTE provides advantages like simplified network architecture and automated management. While LTE adoption is growing, challenges include high device costs and need for additional spectrum in some areas.
This document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE Advanced technologies. It provides information on key features of LTE Advanced such as improved peak data rates up to 1 Gbps, increased spectrum efficiency up to 30 bps/Hz, and enhanced capabilities to support advanced applications and services. The document also discusses technologies enabling LTE Advanced like OFDMA and MIMO as well as differences between wireless generations and advantages/disadvantages of LTE networks.
This document provides an overview of 3G LTE (Long Term Evolution) technologies. It discusses key LTE concepts like OFDM, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO and the system architecture evolution. OFDM enables high data bandwidths and resilience to interference. OFDMA is used for the downlink while SC-FDMA is used for the uplink due to its lower peak-to-average power ratio. MIMO uses multiple antennas to increase throughput. LTE also features increased speeds, lower latency and improved spectral efficiency compared to previous standards.
Migration to 5G and Deployment Training and certification by TELCOMA GlobalGaganpreet Singh Walia
5G technology enables enhanced mobile broadband services, which offers higher data rates, lower latency and more capacity. Development of 5G technology is being led by companies such as Huawei, Intel and Qualcomm for modem technology. Lenovo, Nokia, Ericsson, ZTE, Cisco and Samsung is working on infrastructure.
For deployment of 5G, 3GPP is defining new core network as well as new radio access network. New core network of 5G is 5GC and new radio access technology called “5G NR” new radio.5G use cases are already being built around immersive sports viewing and augmented reality applications.
Carrier Aggregation in LTE Releases3rd Generation Partnership Proj.docxannandleola
Carrier Aggregation in LTE Releases
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
The 3GPP unites seven telecommunications standard development organizations (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC), which is an umbrella for these standards organizations, that develop protocols for mobile telecommunication. The 3GPP organizes its work into three different streams: Radio Access Networks, Services and Systems Aspects, and Core Network and Terminals, which provide a complete system description for mobile telecommunications. It was established in December 1998 with the goal of developing a specification for a 3G mobile phone system based on the 2G GSM system, within the scope of the International Telecommunication Union's.LTE and LTE-A
The Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is an emerging technology, which is standardized by the 3GPP and evolving to meet the International Mobile Telecommunication Advanced (IMT-Advanced) requirements named as LTE-Advanced. The main goal of LTE is to provide a high data rate, low latency and packet optimized radio access technology supporting flexible bandwidth deployments. The network architecture of LTE has been designed with the goal to support packet-switched traffic with seamless mobility and great quality of service.
LTE is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals. LTE is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA technologies. LTE increases the capacity and speed of wireless mobile communication by using a different radio interface and other core network improvements. LTE uses different frequencies and bands in different countries. LTE is commonly marketed as 4G LTE & Advance 4G. LTE is also commonly known as 3.95G. LTE-Advanced or LTE-A is a major enhancement of the LTE standard. LTE-A uses several techniques and technologies (hardware and software) to meet higher network-performance standards. The technique of this standard which we are using in our work is following.
· Increased peak data rate for DL/UL
· Improved performance at cell edges.
· Carrier Aggregation (CA), the enhanced use of multi-antenna techniques.
· Support for Relay Nodes, LTE Femtocell and macro cell.
Based on the requirements and observations, the 3GPP has identified carrier aggregation (CA) as major feature for achieving improved data rate. It is a worth noting that BW aggregation basic concept has been used in 3G. Similarly, there are options in High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) evaluation to aggregate up to four carriers for downlinks, up to two carriers for uplink and have consider both the carriers contiguous. In release 8/9 of 3GPP LTE different carrier BW of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz being used that provide support for several deployment plus spectrum plans. Succeeding the desires of 100 MHz BW of system, Release 10 of 3GPP LTE has presented CA one of the foremost important structure of LTE-Advanced to balance the bandwidth a far 20 MHz. CA Release 10 described up to 100 MHz system bandwidth can.
The document provides an overview of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network technology. It discusses the goals and key features of LTE, including increased data rates, improved spectral efficiency, scalable bandwidths, OFDM modulation in the downlink, SC-FDMA in the uplink, and multiple antenna techniques. It also describes the LTE network architecture including the Evolved Packet Core and compares LTE to other technologies such as WiMAX.
Edge hspa and_lte_broadband_innovation_powerpoint_sept08Muhammad Ali Basra
This document summarizes the key innovations and developments in broadband wireless technologies, including EDGE, HSPA, HSPA+, and LTE. It finds that persistent innovation has significantly advanced capabilities from GPRS to current technologies that can deliver over 10 Mbps speeds. GSM/UMTS has an overwhelming global subscriber base and deployment. HSPA networks regularly achieve over 1 Mbps speeds and HSPA+ will increase this further. LTE is the most powerful wide-area wireless technology and is being adopted as the next-generation platform.
This document provides an overview of global trends in mobile data usage and LTE technology. It discusses how mobile data is overtaking fixed broadband growth. It also summarizes that LTE aims to provide improved mobile broadband through increased spectral efficiency and simplified network design. Key LTE technologies include OFDMA for downlinks and SC-FDMA for uplinks, as well as support for flexible bandwidths up to 20 MHz. The document compares LTE to 3G technologies and outlines the evolving 3GPP system architecture. Potential LTE applications and current deployment status globally are also summarized.
Migration to 5G and Deployment Training and certification by TELCOMA GlobalGaganpreet Singh Walia
5G technology enables enhanced mobile broadband services, which offers higher data rates, lower latency and more capacity. Development of 5G technology is being led by companies such as Huawei, Intel and Qualcomm for modem technology. Lenovo, Nokia, Ericsson, ZTE, Cisco and Samsung is working on infrastructure.
For deployment of 5G, 3GPP is defining new core network as well as new radio access network. New core network of 5G is 5GC and new radio access technology called “5G NR” new radio.5G use cases are already being built around immersive sports viewing and augmented reality applications.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology and concepts. It begins with a comparison of 3G and 4G technologies, outlining issues with 3G related to performance, mobility management, architecture, and procedures. It then discusses the key requirements for LTE, including support for high data rates, IP services, and flexible bandwidth deployment. The physical layer characteristics of LTE that help meet these requirements are described, such as OFDM, scalable bandwidth, smart antenna technologies like MIMO, and fast scheduling. The document also covers LTE channel bands, system architecture evolution, and the role of the evolved NodeB in the network.
This document provides an overview and introduction to 5G networks for mobile operators. It discusses the expectations for the 5G era, how 5G differs from 4G networks through improved latency, speeds and support for new use cases. It outlines the timeline for 5G standards completion and connections growth forecasts. It also examines the enabling conditions required for 5G deployment, including technology, policy and market readiness. Key areas that operators must consider to create and capture value from 5G are explored, along with the associated costs.
This tutorial has been designed for audiences with a need to understand the LTE technology basics in very simple terms. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on LTE technology from where you can take yourself at higher level of expertise.
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) network architecture and technology. It discusses the drivers for LTE including higher data rates and lower latency. It describes the evolution from 3G networks to LTE, which features a simplified all-IP architecture without circuit-switched elements. Key aspects of LTE include OFDMA modulation, support for bandwidths up to 20 MHz, and peak data rates of 100 Mbps downstream and 50 Mbps upstream.
The document provides an overview of LTE fundamentals and network architecture. It discusses the evolution of wireless technologies over generations and how LTE differs from 3G with features like higher data rates, lower latency and support for MIMO. It describes the LTE network architecture consisting of the radio access network (E-UTRAN) and core network (EPC). It also covers topics like interfaces, the life cycle of a user equipment, radio access techniques and channels in LTE.
Content
Brief history about wireless ecosystem.
What is LTE (Long Term Evolution) ?
How is it different from older technologies ?
Network architecture in LTE
Radio Access network (RAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Bearers in LTE
Interfaces in LTE
Life Cycle of a UE
LTE RAN overview
Architecture and requirements
Channel bandwidths and operating bands
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Frequency (LTE-FDD) and time division duplexing (LTE-TDD)
Multiple Antenna techniques in LTE
Channels in LTE and protocol Stack
LTE EPC overview
Architecture
Functions of various elements in EPC
The document discusses the architecture of 4G LTE networks. It describes how 4G networks have a simplified architecture compared to 3G and 2G networks by removing unnecessary nodes. The 4G radio access network (RAN) consists only of eNodeB base stations, while the core network is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). The eNodeB handles all radio resource management and mobility functions without relying on additional nodes. This allows for faster handovers between base stations in 4G. The EPC connects the 4G network to external data networks and contains entities like the MME, HSS, SGW, and PGW to manage user authentication, mobility, routing, and internet connectivity.
This document discusses enhancements to future radio access technologies beyond LTE Release 11. It notes that mobile data traffic is growing rapidly due to factors like increased video usage and high-speed mobile access. To meet projected 1000x capacity growth needs by 2020, the document proposes utilizing wider bandwidths up to 1 GHz, higher frequency bands, and more efficient spectrum utilization through hybrid radio access across multiple bands. It also discusses technologies for enhancing spectrum efficiency and supporting denser small cell networks, such as dynamic TDD, flexible duplexing schemes, and hybrid radio access adaptations. The document advocates both backward compatible evolutions and complementary evolutions in future 3GPP releases to achieve sufficient capacity gains while maintaining backward compatibility.
LTE Basic Guide _ Structure_Layers_Protocol stacks_LTE control channels senthil krishnan
LTE is a standard for wireless broadband communication that aims to provide faster data speeds and improved system capacity. It evolved from 3G UMTS standards developed by 3GPP. The main goals of LTE are to increase data rates, improve spectral efficiency, and reduce latency. LTE introduced new network architectures using IP-based backhaul between network nodes and evolved packet core (EPC) to support packet-switched traffic with seamless mobility and quality of service. Key aspects of LTE include support for flexible bandwidths up to 20 MHz, MIMO transmission, and both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. Key points include:
- LTE is designed to provide high-speed data and media transport with high-capacity voice support through the next decade.
- It enables high-performance mobile broadband services using high bitrates and system throughput in both uplink and downlink with low latency.
- The LTE infrastructure is designed to be simple to deploy and operate across flexible frequency bands from less than 5MHz to 20MHz.
- The LTE-SAE architecture reduces network nodes and supports flexible configurations for high service availability across multiple standards.
Content
Brief history about wireless ecosystem.
What is LTE (Long Term Evolution) ?
How is it different from older technologies ?
Network architecture in LTE
Radio Access network (RAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Bearers in LTE
Interfaces in LTE
Life Cycle of a UE
LTE RAN overview
Architecture and requirements
Channel bandwidths and operating bands
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Frequency (LTE-FDD) and time division duplexing (LTE-TDD)
Multiple Antenna techniques in LTE
Channels in LTE and protocol Stack
LTE EPC overview
Architecture
Functions of various elements in EPC
LTE describes standardization work by 3GPP to define a new high-speed radio access method for mobile communications systems. Key features of LTE include significantly higher data rates of up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink, lower latency, flexible spectrum usage, and an evolution to an all-IP core network. LTE will enable rich new mobile broadband services like high-quality video streaming and sharing, as well as applications in areas like machine-to-machine communication.
This document summarizes LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology, including its goals of high data rates and low latency. Key factors that allow LTE to achieve these goals are new modulation techniques like OFDM, scalable bandwidth, and MIMO antennas. LTE provides advantages like simplified network architecture and automated management. While LTE adoption is growing, challenges include high device costs and need for additional spectrum in some areas.
This document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE Advanced technologies. It provides information on key features of LTE Advanced such as improved peak data rates up to 1 Gbps, increased spectrum efficiency up to 30 bps/Hz, and enhanced capabilities to support advanced applications and services. The document also discusses technologies enabling LTE Advanced like OFDMA and MIMO as well as differences between wireless generations and advantages/disadvantages of LTE networks.
This document provides an overview of 3G LTE (Long Term Evolution) technologies. It discusses key LTE concepts like OFDM, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO and the system architecture evolution. OFDM enables high data bandwidths and resilience to interference. OFDMA is used for the downlink while SC-FDMA is used for the uplink due to its lower peak-to-average power ratio. MIMO uses multiple antennas to increase throughput. LTE also features increased speeds, lower latency and improved spectral efficiency compared to previous standards.
Migration to 5G and Deployment Training and certification by TELCOMA GlobalGaganpreet Singh Walia
5G technology enables enhanced mobile broadband services, which offers higher data rates, lower latency and more capacity. Development of 5G technology is being led by companies such as Huawei, Intel and Qualcomm for modem technology. Lenovo, Nokia, Ericsson, ZTE, Cisco and Samsung is working on infrastructure.
For deployment of 5G, 3GPP is defining new core network as well as new radio access network. New core network of 5G is 5GC and new radio access technology called “5G NR” new radio.5G use cases are already being built around immersive sports viewing and augmented reality applications.
Carrier Aggregation in LTE Releases3rd Generation Partnership Proj.docxannandleola
Carrier Aggregation in LTE Releases
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
The 3GPP unites seven telecommunications standard development organizations (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC), which is an umbrella for these standards organizations, that develop protocols for mobile telecommunication. The 3GPP organizes its work into three different streams: Radio Access Networks, Services and Systems Aspects, and Core Network and Terminals, which provide a complete system description for mobile telecommunications. It was established in December 1998 with the goal of developing a specification for a 3G mobile phone system based on the 2G GSM system, within the scope of the International Telecommunication Union's.LTE and LTE-A
The Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is an emerging technology, which is standardized by the 3GPP and evolving to meet the International Mobile Telecommunication Advanced (IMT-Advanced) requirements named as LTE-Advanced. The main goal of LTE is to provide a high data rate, low latency and packet optimized radio access technology supporting flexible bandwidth deployments. The network architecture of LTE has been designed with the goal to support packet-switched traffic with seamless mobility and great quality of service.
LTE is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals. LTE is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA technologies. LTE increases the capacity and speed of wireless mobile communication by using a different radio interface and other core network improvements. LTE uses different frequencies and bands in different countries. LTE is commonly marketed as 4G LTE & Advance 4G. LTE is also commonly known as 3.95G. LTE-Advanced or LTE-A is a major enhancement of the LTE standard. LTE-A uses several techniques and technologies (hardware and software) to meet higher network-performance standards. The technique of this standard which we are using in our work is following.
· Increased peak data rate for DL/UL
· Improved performance at cell edges.
· Carrier Aggregation (CA), the enhanced use of multi-antenna techniques.
· Support for Relay Nodes, LTE Femtocell and macro cell.
Based on the requirements and observations, the 3GPP has identified carrier aggregation (CA) as major feature for achieving improved data rate. It is a worth noting that BW aggregation basic concept has been used in 3G. Similarly, there are options in High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) evaluation to aggregate up to four carriers for downlinks, up to two carriers for uplink and have consider both the carriers contiguous. In release 8/9 of 3GPP LTE different carrier BW of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz being used that provide support for several deployment plus spectrum plans. Succeeding the desires of 100 MHz BW of system, Release 10 of 3GPP LTE has presented CA one of the foremost important structure of LTE-Advanced to balance the bandwidth a far 20 MHz. CA Release 10 described up to 100 MHz system bandwidth can.
The document provides an overview of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network technology. It discusses the goals and key features of LTE, including increased data rates, improved spectral efficiency, scalable bandwidths, OFDM modulation in the downlink, SC-FDMA in the uplink, and multiple antenna techniques. It also describes the LTE network architecture including the Evolved Packet Core and compares LTE to other technologies such as WiMAX.
Edge hspa and_lte_broadband_innovation_powerpoint_sept08Muhammad Ali Basra
This document summarizes the key innovations and developments in broadband wireless technologies, including EDGE, HSPA, HSPA+, and LTE. It finds that persistent innovation has significantly advanced capabilities from GPRS to current technologies that can deliver over 10 Mbps speeds. GSM/UMTS has an overwhelming global subscriber base and deployment. HSPA networks regularly achieve over 1 Mbps speeds and HSPA+ will increase this further. LTE is the most powerful wide-area wireless technology and is being adopted as the next-generation platform.
This document provides an overview of global trends in mobile data usage and LTE technology. It discusses how mobile data is overtaking fixed broadband growth. It also summarizes that LTE aims to provide improved mobile broadband through increased spectral efficiency and simplified network design. Key LTE technologies include OFDMA for downlinks and SC-FDMA for uplinks, as well as support for flexible bandwidths up to 20 MHz. The document compares LTE to 3G technologies and outlines the evolving 3GPP system architecture. Potential LTE applications and current deployment status globally are also summarized.
Migration to 5G and Deployment Training and certification by TELCOMA GlobalGaganpreet Singh Walia
5G technology enables enhanced mobile broadband services, which offers higher data rates, lower latency and more capacity. Development of 5G technology is being led by companies such as Huawei, Intel and Qualcomm for modem technology. Lenovo, Nokia, Ericsson, ZTE, Cisco and Samsung is working on infrastructure.
For deployment of 5G, 3GPP is defining new core network as well as new radio access network. New core network of 5G is 5GC and new radio access technology called “5G NR” new radio.5G use cases are already being built around immersive sports viewing and augmented reality applications.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology and concepts. It begins with a comparison of 3G and 4G technologies, outlining issues with 3G related to performance, mobility management, architecture, and procedures. It then discusses the key requirements for LTE, including support for high data rates, IP services, and flexible bandwidth deployment. The physical layer characteristics of LTE that help meet these requirements are described, such as OFDM, scalable bandwidth, smart antenna technologies like MIMO, and fast scheduling. The document also covers LTE channel bands, system architecture evolution, and the role of the evolved NodeB in the network.
This document provides an overview and introduction to 5G networks for mobile operators. It discusses the expectations for the 5G era, how 5G differs from 4G networks through improved latency, speeds and support for new use cases. It outlines the timeline for 5G standards completion and connections growth forecasts. It also examines the enabling conditions required for 5G deployment, including technology, policy and market readiness. Key areas that operators must consider to create and capture value from 5G are explored, along with the associated costs.
The document provides information about Award Solutions, Inc., a company that offers training on wireless and IP technologies. It describes Award Solutions' areas of expertise including 4G, LTE, EPC, IMS, and various wireless technologies. It outlines the types of training and services offered, including instructor-led training, self-paced eLearning, consulting services, and public training events. The document also lists sample course titles in emerging technologies, IP convergence, UMTS/HSPA+, 4G LTE, and topics for business audiences.
This document is a student guide for a Qualcomm training course on Long Term Evolution (LTE/FDD) Fundamentals. It provides an outline of the course, which covers the evolution of 3GPP networks, the key aspects and performance targets of LTE, the LTE network architecture including E-UTRAN and EPC, and the protocol layers of E-UTRAN. It also defines various 3GPP terminology and lists many common LTE acronyms.
UMTS/W-CDMA was initially designed for circuit-switched traffic and was not well-suited for growing IP data traffic. 3GPP made improvements through releases 5-8 to enhance HSDPA, HSUPA, and introduce LTE, providing higher data rates and capacity. LTE aims to meet increasing user demands for broadband connectivity by providing peak data rates up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink through improved radio interface features and reduced latency below 10ms. LTE can be deployed in both urban and rural areas using various spectrum bands to enable a step-wise upgrade path from UMTS networks.
This document provides an overview of Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio access network planning. It covers LTE fundamentals and key technologies like OFDM modulation, frame structure, and reference signal structure. It also discusses frequency and spectrum planning considerations like channel bandwidth, carrier frequency, and frequency reuse schemes. Additionally, it addresses link budget and coverage planning factors such as propagation parameters, channel models, and multipath/Doppler effects.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) including what LTE is, its key features and benefits, the LTE radio access network architecture, available services and markets, and device availability. Some of the main points covered include that LTE is the 4G standard designed to meet high speed data needs, it provides speeds over 100Mbps, low latency, simpler network structure than 3G, and efficient spectrum use. The document also discusses LTE deployment status worldwide, performance advantages over HSPA, and the types of initial LTE devices available.
This document provides an overview of LTE and its evolution towards 5G networks. It describes LTE as the 4G technology standardized by 3GPP, and the new radio access technology currently being standardized as 5G. Key topics covered include the LTE protocol structure, physical layer, connection procedures, and major enhancements over time like carrier aggregation and support for new use cases. The document also discusses 5G radio access requirements and technical realization currently being standardized to provide 5G wireless connectivity.
This document provides an introduction to the Long Term Evolution (LTE) training course. It discusses the drivers for LTE development including the need for higher data rates. It describes the 3GPP standards process and how LTE fits into the evolution of GSM networks. Key goals for LTE performance are outlined such as improved spectrum efficiency and reduced latency. The document also contains copyright and distribution restrictions.
The document discusses the challenges of 5G testing and evaluation. It notes that 5G will introduce new technologies like massive MIMO, new waveforms, and non-orthogonal multiple access that will increase computational complexity for simulation systems. It also discusses the need for 5G testing and evaluation to have real-world channel models, comprehensively support diverse technologies and performance indicators, rapidly evolve to handle increased computational needs, and be flexible. The evolution of testing technology and instruments over different eras is reviewed.
This document provides an overview of traditional telephone network signaling protocols and voice over IP protocols. It discusses SS7 and its components for traditional PSTN signaling, as well as peer-to-peer and client-server protocol architectures. Specific protocols covered include H.323, SIP, MGCP, and SCCP. Network design considerations for VoIP are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of LTE fundamentals, including:
1. It discusses the evolution of mobile networks and technologies leading to the development of LTE, from 1G to 4G networks.
2. It compares LTE to other wireless technologies such as WiMAX and discusses the technical specifications of LTE.
3. It describes the standardization process and technical requirements for LTE as defined by 3GPP, the governing standards body.
4. It provides details on the system architecture of LTE and its core network elements and interfaces.
The document discusses the history and importance of chocolate in human civilization. It notes that chocolate originated in Mesoamerica over 3000 years ago and was prized by the Aztecs and Mayans for its taste. Cocoa beans were used as currency and their cultivation was tightly regulated. The Spanish brought cocoa to Europe in the 16th century, starting its global spread and the development of the chocolate industry.
The document provides an overview of LTE technology, including:
- LTE uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink, allowing for high peak data rates of 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink per 20 MHz of spectrum.
- LTE supports both Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) and Time Division Duplexing (TDD) with flexible bandwidths from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz.
- Key aspects of the physical layer include orthogonal sub-carriers, MIMO, and a cyclic prefix to mitigate inter-symbol interference.
- The frame structure depends on whether FDD or TDD is used, with
This document contains questions and answers about LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. Some key points covered include:
- OFDMA is used for downlink and SC-FDMA is used for uplink to overcome high PAPR issues.
- CDS dynamically schedules radio resources, modulation, coding and power control based on channel quality and traffic load.
- MIMO uses multiple antennas to increase data rates up to a maximum of 8x8 MIMO.
- The LTE network architecture includes the eNB, MME, S-GW and P-GW connected by various interfaces like S1, S6a, S5 etc.
- Security in LTE is based on
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a cellular technology that provides significantly faster data speeds of up to 150 Mbps downstream and 50 Mbps upstream. This document provides an overview of the LTE protocol stack, tracing the path of a data packet through the layers from physical to medium access control to radio link control and packet data convergence protocol. Key aspects of LTE operation discussed include hybrid automatic repeat request for error correction, scheduling, quality of service controls, handovers between base stations, and power saving modes.
15 - Introduction to Optimization Tools Rev A.pptMohamedShabana37
This document provides an overview of TEMS Investigation and TEMS Visualization, two optimization tools from Ericsson. TEMS Investigation allows users to collect, analyze, and post-process network data to verify and optimize UMTS, GSM, GPRS, and EDGE networks. It helps troubleshoot issues like dropped calls, coverage imbalance, pilot pollution and missing neighbors. TEMS Visualization analyzes statistics from Ericsson's OSS to identify problems like missing neighbors, pilot polluters and call issues using a call event analyzer and other features. The document describes the capabilities and interface of both tools.
The document discusses coverage and capacity concepts for WCDMA networks. It provides 3 key points:
1) WCDMA uses processing gain to provide different coverage levels for various services, with higher bit rate services requiring more power. Cell breathing and pole capacity concepts are also introduced.
2) Coverage is analyzed through uplink and downlink link budget comparisons to GSM. WCDMA is shown to provide better coverage for similar services.
3) Network capacity is maximized by optimizing the distribution of power between common and dedicated channels. Uneven user distributions and cell loading also impact achievable capacity. HSDPA is noted to further increase the average power utilization in the network.
03 - WCDMA RAN Architecture and Products Rev A.pptMohamedShabana37
The document discusses radio access network architecture and products, including:
- Radio base stations (RBS) of different sizes (micro, macro indoor/outdoor) that provide radio access.
- The radio network controller (RNC) that manages radio resources and controls mobility between base stations. It exists in main and extension cabinets and uses processor boards.
- Transport network interfaces that connect RBSs to the RNC via E1, IP or optical carriers.
This document summarizes different types of handovers in UMTS networks. It describes soft/softer handovers which allow handovers between cells using the same carrier frequency. It also covers IRAT handovers between UMTS and GSM, and inter-frequency handovers between different UMTS carrier frequencies. Key aspects like active sets, measurement reporting events, and handover thresholds are discussed for each handover type.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.