This document presents an exergetic analysis of three types of solar drying systems: direct, indirect, and mixed mode. The analysis found that the mixed mode and indirect mode systems were more effective at utilizing captured solar energy, converting 78.1% and 77% respectively to useful energy. The direct mode system could only convert 49.3% to useful energy. Overall exergetic efficiencies were 55.2% for mixed mode, 54.5% for indirect mode, and 33.4% for direct mode. The exergetic analysis allows evaluation of both the quantity and quality of energy available from each solar drying system.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Energy and exergy analysis of air based photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector:...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors convert solar radiation directly to both electrical and thermal energies. A PVT collector basiccaly combines the functions of a flat plate solar collector and those of a PV panel. This review presents thermodinamics fundamentals, descriptions, and previous works conducted on energy and exergy analysis of air based PVT collector. Studies in 2010 to 2018 of the energy and exergy analysis of air based PVT collectors are summarized. The energy and exergy efficiency of air based PVT collector ranges from 31% to 94% and 8.7% to 18%, respectively. In addition, flat plate solar collector is presented. Studies conducted on air based PVT collectors are reviewed.
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a domestic direct type multi-shelf solar dryer. The study aims to validate the design of this dryer and demonstrate its temperature distribution and radiation heat flux. The simulation is performed using ANSYS-Fluent software. The results show that the air temperature inside the dryer cabinet increases significantly to around 326K due to natural air circulation. Radiation heat flux contours indicate that the dryer shelves receive sufficient flux to validate the dryer's design for food drying applications.
Feasibility Study of Household Solar Photovoltaic HeatingIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Solar energy is a kind of natural and clean energy which will play an important role in the future of human society.The components of household solar photovoltaic heating include: battery board, battery, controller, battery, DC, AC inverter,the power control box, electric heating heating system. Calculating the laboratory thermal load and with the ability of heat load of laboratory and solar photovoltaic equipment, then get the number of solar panels.
Design and Performance Analysis of Solar Powered Absorption Cooling System fo...IRJET Journal
- The document discusses the design and performance analysis of a solar powered absorption cooling system for a computer lab located in Bharatpur, India.
- The peak cooling load of the computer lab is calculated to be 34.94 kW, so a 10TR vapor absorption cooling system is adopted.
- Simulations are carried out using the TRANSOL program to analyze the performance of the solar cooling system using different solar collector types and areas. Parameters like solar fraction, primary energy savings, and electrical COP are evaluated.
- It is concluded that the solar thermal cooling system can achieve good solar fractions between 0.52-0.75 and primary energy savings up to 52% for the considered location and collector areas.
Energy and exergy efficiency of a flat plate solar collector using pH treated...Sabiha Akter Monny
This document examines the energy and exergy efficiency of a flat plate solar collector using pH treated Al2O3 nanofluid as the working fluid. Experiments were conducted using 0.1% and 0.3% volume fractions of Al2O3 nanoparticles approximately 13 nm in size, with mass flow rates varying from 0.5 to 1.5 kg/min. Results showed that nanofluids increased energy efficiency up to 83.5% and exergy efficiency up to 20.3% compared to using water alone. Thermal efficiency was found to be over 50%, higher than systems reported previously. The study provides new findings on stability and exergy analysis of a solar collector system operated with a pH controlled nanofluid.
Time-dependent hydraulic conductivity during secondary consolidation of clayinventionjournals
Secondary consolidation occurs when excess pore pressure has dissipated in saturated compressible clay soils subjected to increased effective stress by the application of external loads. This paper provides time-dependent formulas for the hydraulic conductivity and the porosity during secondary consolidation. The formulas express the hydraulic conductivity and the porosity in terms of the void ratio during secondary consolidation. The intervening functional coefficients are obtainable from 1-D consolidation testing. An example illustrates the application of this paper’s results.
Performance Analysis Methodology for Parabolic Dish Solar Concentrators for P...IOSR Journals
1) The document presents a performance analysis methodology developed for a parabolic dish solar concentrator (PDSC) system used for heating a thermic fluid for industrial process heating applications.
2) Key parameters that affect the performance of a PDSC system include design specifications, measured operating parameters, calculated parameters, and solar radiation geometry which depends on location.
3) The performance analysis methodology examines the role of each of these parameter types to evaluate a PDSC system's performance.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Energy and exergy analysis of air based photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector:...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors convert solar radiation directly to both electrical and thermal energies. A PVT collector basiccaly combines the functions of a flat plate solar collector and those of a PV panel. This review presents thermodinamics fundamentals, descriptions, and previous works conducted on energy and exergy analysis of air based PVT collector. Studies in 2010 to 2018 of the energy and exergy analysis of air based PVT collectors are summarized. The energy and exergy efficiency of air based PVT collector ranges from 31% to 94% and 8.7% to 18%, respectively. In addition, flat plate solar collector is presented. Studies conducted on air based PVT collectors are reviewed.
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a domestic direct type multi-shelf solar dryer. The study aims to validate the design of this dryer and demonstrate its temperature distribution and radiation heat flux. The simulation is performed using ANSYS-Fluent software. The results show that the air temperature inside the dryer cabinet increases significantly to around 326K due to natural air circulation. Radiation heat flux contours indicate that the dryer shelves receive sufficient flux to validate the dryer's design for food drying applications.
Feasibility Study of Household Solar Photovoltaic HeatingIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Solar energy is a kind of natural and clean energy which will play an important role in the future of human society.The components of household solar photovoltaic heating include: battery board, battery, controller, battery, DC, AC inverter,the power control box, electric heating heating system. Calculating the laboratory thermal load and with the ability of heat load of laboratory and solar photovoltaic equipment, then get the number of solar panels.
Design and Performance Analysis of Solar Powered Absorption Cooling System fo...IRJET Journal
- The document discusses the design and performance analysis of a solar powered absorption cooling system for a computer lab located in Bharatpur, India.
- The peak cooling load of the computer lab is calculated to be 34.94 kW, so a 10TR vapor absorption cooling system is adopted.
- Simulations are carried out using the TRANSOL program to analyze the performance of the solar cooling system using different solar collector types and areas. Parameters like solar fraction, primary energy savings, and electrical COP are evaluated.
- It is concluded that the solar thermal cooling system can achieve good solar fractions between 0.52-0.75 and primary energy savings up to 52% for the considered location and collector areas.
Energy and exergy efficiency of a flat plate solar collector using pH treated...Sabiha Akter Monny
This document examines the energy and exergy efficiency of a flat plate solar collector using pH treated Al2O3 nanofluid as the working fluid. Experiments were conducted using 0.1% and 0.3% volume fractions of Al2O3 nanoparticles approximately 13 nm in size, with mass flow rates varying from 0.5 to 1.5 kg/min. Results showed that nanofluids increased energy efficiency up to 83.5% and exergy efficiency up to 20.3% compared to using water alone. Thermal efficiency was found to be over 50%, higher than systems reported previously. The study provides new findings on stability and exergy analysis of a solar collector system operated with a pH controlled nanofluid.
Time-dependent hydraulic conductivity during secondary consolidation of clayinventionjournals
Secondary consolidation occurs when excess pore pressure has dissipated in saturated compressible clay soils subjected to increased effective stress by the application of external loads. This paper provides time-dependent formulas for the hydraulic conductivity and the porosity during secondary consolidation. The formulas express the hydraulic conductivity and the porosity in terms of the void ratio during secondary consolidation. The intervening functional coefficients are obtainable from 1-D consolidation testing. An example illustrates the application of this paper’s results.
Performance Analysis Methodology for Parabolic Dish Solar Concentrators for P...IOSR Journals
1) The document presents a performance analysis methodology developed for a parabolic dish solar concentrator (PDSC) system used for heating a thermic fluid for industrial process heating applications.
2) Key parameters that affect the performance of a PDSC system include design specifications, measured operating parameters, calculated parameters, and solar radiation geometry which depends on location.
3) The performance analysis methodology examines the role of each of these parameter types to evaluate a PDSC system's performance.
This document summarizes a study on the performance of a natural vacuum desalination system using a low grade heat source. The study involved both numerical and experimental work. In the numerical work, a program was developed to solve the governing equations of the system using a forward time step marching technique. In the experimental work, a lab-scale natural vacuum desalination system using an electric heater as the heat source was designed and tested. The numerical and experimental results showed good agreement. Through numerical simulations, the effects of operating conditions such as heat source temperature, condenser temperature, heating coil surface area, and the use of a heat recovery unit were explored. The simulation showed that a system with an evaporator surface area of 0.
Design of air preheater for solar dryer for drying cerealsSumit Dharmarao
This document discusses the design of an air preheater for a solar dryer used to dry cereals. It describes the major components of a solar dryer, including the air preheater, air duct, and drying cabin. The air preheater is important as it concentrates solar energy to heat the air. Absorber plates made of materials like copper or aluminum are used to absorb solar radiation and heat the air flowing over them via convection. The heated air is then directed through ducts to the drying cabin where it removes moisture from cereals placed on trays. Empirical correlations are presented that can be used to model the performance of such a system and optimize the design of the air preheater.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle Using Alternative Working...IOSR Journals
This document analyzes the energy and exergy efficiency of organic Rankine cycles (ORC) using different working fluids, including HFO-1234yf, HFC-134a, HFC-245fa, ethanol, and iso-pentane. The study models saturated and trilateral ORC cycles and compares the thermal and exergetic efficiency of the cycles using different working fluids. The results show that HFO-1234yf and HFC-134a have the highest thermal and exergetic efficiencies. HFO-1234yf is identified as a promising working fluid for low to medium temperature ORC applications due to its low global warming potential, zero ozone depletion, and low evaporation temperature. The paper
This document provides a review of previous research on thermoelectric generators. It begins with an introduction to solar energy and thermoelectric generation technologies. It then discusses the basic components of a thermoelectric module, including the thermocouple. The document reviews three previous works: 1) fabrication and testing of flat plate solar thermoelectric generators for near-earth orbits, which achieved power outputs of 3-3.3 watts; 2) development of a high efficiency thermoelectric power generator using bismuth telluride that achieved a maximum efficiency of 1.85%; 3) parametric analysis and modeling of a solar heat pipe thermoelectric generator unit comprising a thermoelectric module, finned heat pipe,
Financial Evaluation of Solar Powered Absorption Cooling System for Computer ...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates the financial feasibility of a solar powered absorption cooling system for a computer laboratory in Bharatpur, India. It finds that:
1. The system is technically feasible, achieving a solar fraction of 0.52-0.75 depending on the collector area. However,
2. Financially, the system is currently not feasible due to the high initial costs of absorption chillers and solar collectors. It provides only marginal annual savings, resulting in very high payback periods of 67-83 years.
3. A sensitivity analysis found that with reduced total investment costs (e.g. due to technology improvements) and increased electricity prices in the future, the payback period could decrease significantly
PERFORMANCE STUDY OF A PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL ASSISTED SOLAR STILLIAEME Publication
A Solar still is a simple device, which is used to produce drinking water using energy of sun. Its low productivity is of great concern. Lauric acid is used as energy storage medium in the solar still to produce drinking water in the off sunshine hours. To examine the effects of use of PCM in the solar still for same total daily solar intensity on energy and exergy efficiency, experiments were carried out on two similar double slope solar still at Allahabad (250 28ꞌN, 810 54ꞌE) U.P. India. PCM is used in one of the still for the purpose of comparison with conventional still. It is observed that the exergy efficiency increases by 40% when lauric acid is used as energy storage medium in the solar still.
This document summarizes research on the influence of size parameters such as chimney height and collector diameter on the power output of solar chimney power plants. Theoretical modeling is presented that relates power output to chimney height, collector diameter, temperature difference, solar irradiance, and other factors. Calculations based on this modeling show that increasing chimney height and collector diameter leads to higher power outputs. Graphs demonstrate the relationship between chimney height and collector diameter with power output. The conclusion is that the efficiency and power output of the turbine in a solar chimney power plant increases with larger chimney heights and collector diameters.
The document compares the thermal performance of a serpentine tube solar water heater to a straight tube solar water heater. An experiment was conducted using both heaters with thermocouples placed at key locations to measure temperature changes. Results found that the straight tube heater initially achieved higher temperatures but the serpentine tube heater performed better later in the day, achieving temperatures up to 49°C. The document reviews previous studies on enhancing solar water heaters and discusses the experimental setup and results in more detail. It concludes that the serpentine design provides further opportunity for efficiency improvements through optimization.
Performance Analysis of Forced Convection Solar Dryer for TurmericIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, development, and performance analysis of a forced convection solar dryer for drying turmeric. Key points:
1) A forced convection solar dryer was designed and built consisting of a solar collector, blower, drying chamber, and supporting frame. Experiments were conducted drying turmeric using this solar dryer.
2) Results showed that turmeric could be dried from an initial 85.33% moisture content to a final 10.76% moisture content within 48 hours of sunshine using the solar dryer, much faster than open-air drying.
3) Drying time, solar intensity, moisture loss, and dryer efficiency were evaluated under different experimental conditions. The solar
Investigation of solar cooker with pcm heat storageiaemedu
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of a solar cooker with phase change material (PCM) heat storage for use in high altitude places like Taif City, Saudi Arabia. The solar cooker system consists of evacuated tube solar collectors connected to a hot water storage tank. The base of the solar cooker box is connected to a copper tube heat exchanger inside a cylindrical pot filled with paraffin PCM. Hot water from the solar collectors is circulated through the heat exchanger to store thermal energy in the PCM and heat the cooking pot. Parameters like solar radiation, humidity, cooker orientation, and ambient temperature were evaluated. The study shows this system can effectively cook and heat food under high altitude conditions with partial cloud cover and moderate
This document describes the performance evaluation of a hybrid modified micro-channel solar cell thermal tile through experimental validation. An indoor test setup and prototype tile were developed to study the tile's performance over different light intensities. The thermal and electrical efficiencies were found to be 35.7% and 12.4%, respectively. Overall energy and exergy analyses were also carried out based on the experimental results. Previous studies on hybrid photovoltaic thermal systems and their efficiency improvements are reviewed.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology that analyzes the performance of an oscillatory flow heat exchanger design for a hybrid solar water system. The study compares the performance of a commercial PV module versus a hybrid PV/T system with an oscillatory flow heat exchanger attached. Key findings include the hybrid system achieving a combined PV/T efficiency of 53.7% at a solar irradiance of 918 W/m2 and water flow rate of 0.035 kg/sec, representing an improvement over the commercial PV module alone. The hybrid system also achieved a higher PV module efficiency of 11.7% under these conditions due to cooling from the heat exchanger.
Thermal Storage Comparison for Variable Basement Kinds of a Solar Chimney Pro...Waqas Tariq
This study compared the thermal performance of three different basement materials for a solar chimney prototype in Baghdad: concrete, black concrete, and black pebbles. The black pebbles basement provided the best thermal storage and highest collected air temperatures, reaching 59°C and providing a 22°C temperature difference compared to ambient air. It also maintained warm air temperatures for five hours after sunset. The black concrete basement improved thermal storage by 50% over ordinary concrete. Overall, the results showed that a basement with high thermal storage capacity, like black pebbles, can significantly improve the efficiency and duration of operation of a solar chimney system.
This document summarizes a literature review on experimental setups and performance analyses of solar air heaters with rib modifications. It discusses how ribs are commonly used to enhance heat transfer and the thermal efficiency of solar air heaters. The review examines 18 previous studies that tested different rib configurations and geometries, absorber plate materials and coatings, and the addition of features like baffles and wire meshes. The key findings are that artificial roughness like ribs are very effective at improving efficiency by increasing turbulence, and modifications to rib shape could provide new opportunities for performance optimization. The objective and scope of further studying rib modifications and their impact on solar air heater effectiveness are outlined.
Energy performance of an evacuated tube solar collector using single walled c...Sabiha Akter Monny
The document describes an experimental study that tested the thermal efficiency of an evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) using different concentrations of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nanofluids as the heat transfer fluid. Experiments were conducted using SWCNT nanofluids with volume concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% at flow rates of 0.008, 0.017, and 0.025 kg/s. The maximum collector efficiency of 93.43% was found for the 0.2% SWCNT nanofluid at a flow rate of 0.025 kg/s. Collector efficiency increased with both higher SWCNT concentrations and increased flow rates. The results suggest that SWCNT nano
Enhancement of the output power generated from a hybrid solar thermal systemeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper investigates the output power and increased the efficiency of a hybrid Photovoltaic/ Thermal (PV/T) modules through utilizing the heat generated from the surface of panels by one axial tracking of the hybrid PV/Tsystem by means of zenith angle and decreasing the heat generated from the PV modules by controlling the flow rate of the system. A comparison between theoretical and experimental work results for fixed and tracking PV/T hybrid system is presented. Comsol software package used to simulate the electromagnetic waves produced by the sun through solving Maxwell's equations in three dimensions and the sun irradiance is assumed to be Gaussian distribution across the twelve mourning hours. Beside that an experimental work is presented depending on the results conjured from the theoretical experience used in Comsol Multiphysics In the second part of the experimental work, one axial sun-tracking system is designed where the movement of a photo-voltaic module is controlled to follow the Sun’s radiation using a Data acquisition card (DAQ) unit. Finally an active cooling system is designed and conducted to cool the fixed and tracking modules at which an absorber system consists of copper pipe welded with aluminium plate is attached underneath the PV modules to allow water flowing below the modules. In addition to the above an electrical analysis for both systems are presented where I-V, P-V, power with 12 mourning hour’s and electrical efficiency. Beside that the thermal analysis for the fixed and tracking PV modules and the piping water are presented where the input, output temperatures, the total energy of heat losses and thermal efficiency are calculated. As a result, a significant enhancement in the total electrical efficiency is observed with acceptable increase in the output water temperature. Keywords: Cooling systems; DAQ; Hybrid; Comsol Multiphysics; Mat lab; Solid work; Lab view.…
Biomass supported solar thermal hybrid power plantshivakumarmh
This document discusses a proposed biomass supported solar thermal hybrid power plant (STHPP) that would allow for continuous electricity generation. Solar thermal power plants (STPP) currently cannot operate continuously due to variability in solar irradiation. The proposed STHPP would combine a STPP with a biomass plant to provide auxiliary power when solar power is unavailable. This hybrid system would use biomass to fuel an auxiliary boiler to produce steam and maintain continuous operation of the steam turbine. By integrating biomass and thermal energy storage, the STHPP could generate electricity continuously even after sunset or on cloudy days, overcoming limitations of standalone STPPs.
Modeling Of a Bucket Air Cooler by Using Solar EnergyIJMER
In a conventional energy sources day to day decreasing in their energy levels. Going green and conservation as much energy as possible has become the focal point in their eyes of the world. There are many sources of energy available to us that will conserve our natural resources and decrease on harmful emissions that are destroying our environment. Many energy sources available in world like
hydro electrical, thermal, mechanical, solar, tidal, bio gas, wave, wind, geothermal, ocean thermal energy. Many incentives are now available to individuals and industries who implement the use of this ecofriendly environment through in this direction we are selected solar energy is main sources.Our design and construction of a bucket air cooler by using solar energy is new alternative to
conventional energy sources. We set out to create an air cooler that does not create any harmful
emissions in environment and provide no pollution in the surrounding. The solar power as the main energy sources to help in the project work. It is providing to cooling the enclosed space and also measured the temperature levels of before and after in absorbed enclosed space.
This document discusses a proposed project to design and manufacture a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) that can harness wind energy from vehicles on highways. The goals are to utilize unused wind energy from passing automobiles and produce electrical energy. VAWTs are advantageous because they can capture wind from any direction and operate efficiently in turbulent conditions typical of urban settings. The design aims to fabricate the turbine using low-cost materials like bicycle wheels to generate power that can be stored and distributed to nearby rural areas in need of electricity. Observations were made on the turbine's rotation speed and a battery's charging condition under different wind speeds to analyze the system's power output.
The Effects of Tempered Glass with Low Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Content on the Effi...IJERD Editor
In this study, the effect of glass cover on the energy and exergy efficiencies of conventional type solar air heater was investigated experimentally. Classic and tempered low iron glass were used as a glass cover. Two of collectors whose dimensions are 900x1900x170mm3 were used in the experiments. The experiments were conducted at the air flow rates of 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 kg/s. Energy and exergy efficiencies were evaluated regarding to experimental results. As a result of the experiments, it was found that energy efficiency of the collector equipped with tempered glass with low iron oxide content increases by an amount of 4.5%-5.3%. In case of exergy efficiency, an increase was also observed between 0.4 and 0.82 percent
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IRJET- Performance Analysis of Evacuated Tube Solar Dryer with Desiccant Dehu...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes a study analyzing the performance of an evacuated tube solar dryer with a desiccant dehumidifier and phase change material (PCM) as thermal storage.
2. In the setup, air is passed through a desiccant bed to increase its moisture absorption capacity before being heated in evacuated tubes and used to dry 5kg of chopped spinach leaves over 8 hours.
3. Preliminary results found that using a desiccant increased drying effectiveness by producing hotter, drier air for drying compared to the solar dryer without a desiccant. Maximum temperatures reached 70°C with desiccant versus 67°C without.
This document summarizes a study on the performance of a natural vacuum desalination system using a low grade heat source. The study involved both numerical and experimental work. In the numerical work, a program was developed to solve the governing equations of the system using a forward time step marching technique. In the experimental work, a lab-scale natural vacuum desalination system using an electric heater as the heat source was designed and tested. The numerical and experimental results showed good agreement. Through numerical simulations, the effects of operating conditions such as heat source temperature, condenser temperature, heating coil surface area, and the use of a heat recovery unit were explored. The simulation showed that a system with an evaporator surface area of 0.
Design of air preheater for solar dryer for drying cerealsSumit Dharmarao
This document discusses the design of an air preheater for a solar dryer used to dry cereals. It describes the major components of a solar dryer, including the air preheater, air duct, and drying cabin. The air preheater is important as it concentrates solar energy to heat the air. Absorber plates made of materials like copper or aluminum are used to absorb solar radiation and heat the air flowing over them via convection. The heated air is then directed through ducts to the drying cabin where it removes moisture from cereals placed on trays. Empirical correlations are presented that can be used to model the performance of such a system and optimize the design of the air preheater.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle Using Alternative Working...IOSR Journals
This document analyzes the energy and exergy efficiency of organic Rankine cycles (ORC) using different working fluids, including HFO-1234yf, HFC-134a, HFC-245fa, ethanol, and iso-pentane. The study models saturated and trilateral ORC cycles and compares the thermal and exergetic efficiency of the cycles using different working fluids. The results show that HFO-1234yf and HFC-134a have the highest thermal and exergetic efficiencies. HFO-1234yf is identified as a promising working fluid for low to medium temperature ORC applications due to its low global warming potential, zero ozone depletion, and low evaporation temperature. The paper
This document provides a review of previous research on thermoelectric generators. It begins with an introduction to solar energy and thermoelectric generation technologies. It then discusses the basic components of a thermoelectric module, including the thermocouple. The document reviews three previous works: 1) fabrication and testing of flat plate solar thermoelectric generators for near-earth orbits, which achieved power outputs of 3-3.3 watts; 2) development of a high efficiency thermoelectric power generator using bismuth telluride that achieved a maximum efficiency of 1.85%; 3) parametric analysis and modeling of a solar heat pipe thermoelectric generator unit comprising a thermoelectric module, finned heat pipe,
Financial Evaluation of Solar Powered Absorption Cooling System for Computer ...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates the financial feasibility of a solar powered absorption cooling system for a computer laboratory in Bharatpur, India. It finds that:
1. The system is technically feasible, achieving a solar fraction of 0.52-0.75 depending on the collector area. However,
2. Financially, the system is currently not feasible due to the high initial costs of absorption chillers and solar collectors. It provides only marginal annual savings, resulting in very high payback periods of 67-83 years.
3. A sensitivity analysis found that with reduced total investment costs (e.g. due to technology improvements) and increased electricity prices in the future, the payback period could decrease significantly
PERFORMANCE STUDY OF A PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL ASSISTED SOLAR STILLIAEME Publication
A Solar still is a simple device, which is used to produce drinking water using energy of sun. Its low productivity is of great concern. Lauric acid is used as energy storage medium in the solar still to produce drinking water in the off sunshine hours. To examine the effects of use of PCM in the solar still for same total daily solar intensity on energy and exergy efficiency, experiments were carried out on two similar double slope solar still at Allahabad (250 28ꞌN, 810 54ꞌE) U.P. India. PCM is used in one of the still for the purpose of comparison with conventional still. It is observed that the exergy efficiency increases by 40% when lauric acid is used as energy storage medium in the solar still.
This document summarizes research on the influence of size parameters such as chimney height and collector diameter on the power output of solar chimney power plants. Theoretical modeling is presented that relates power output to chimney height, collector diameter, temperature difference, solar irradiance, and other factors. Calculations based on this modeling show that increasing chimney height and collector diameter leads to higher power outputs. Graphs demonstrate the relationship between chimney height and collector diameter with power output. The conclusion is that the efficiency and power output of the turbine in a solar chimney power plant increases with larger chimney heights and collector diameters.
The document compares the thermal performance of a serpentine tube solar water heater to a straight tube solar water heater. An experiment was conducted using both heaters with thermocouples placed at key locations to measure temperature changes. Results found that the straight tube heater initially achieved higher temperatures but the serpentine tube heater performed better later in the day, achieving temperatures up to 49°C. The document reviews previous studies on enhancing solar water heaters and discusses the experimental setup and results in more detail. It concludes that the serpentine design provides further opportunity for efficiency improvements through optimization.
Performance Analysis of Forced Convection Solar Dryer for TurmericIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, development, and performance analysis of a forced convection solar dryer for drying turmeric. Key points:
1) A forced convection solar dryer was designed and built consisting of a solar collector, blower, drying chamber, and supporting frame. Experiments were conducted drying turmeric using this solar dryer.
2) Results showed that turmeric could be dried from an initial 85.33% moisture content to a final 10.76% moisture content within 48 hours of sunshine using the solar dryer, much faster than open-air drying.
3) Drying time, solar intensity, moisture loss, and dryer efficiency were evaluated under different experimental conditions. The solar
Investigation of solar cooker with pcm heat storageiaemedu
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of a solar cooker with phase change material (PCM) heat storage for use in high altitude places like Taif City, Saudi Arabia. The solar cooker system consists of evacuated tube solar collectors connected to a hot water storage tank. The base of the solar cooker box is connected to a copper tube heat exchanger inside a cylindrical pot filled with paraffin PCM. Hot water from the solar collectors is circulated through the heat exchanger to store thermal energy in the PCM and heat the cooking pot. Parameters like solar radiation, humidity, cooker orientation, and ambient temperature were evaluated. The study shows this system can effectively cook and heat food under high altitude conditions with partial cloud cover and moderate
This document describes the performance evaluation of a hybrid modified micro-channel solar cell thermal tile through experimental validation. An indoor test setup and prototype tile were developed to study the tile's performance over different light intensities. The thermal and electrical efficiencies were found to be 35.7% and 12.4%, respectively. Overall energy and exergy analyses were also carried out based on the experimental results. Previous studies on hybrid photovoltaic thermal systems and their efficiency improvements are reviewed.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology that analyzes the performance of an oscillatory flow heat exchanger design for a hybrid solar water system. The study compares the performance of a commercial PV module versus a hybrid PV/T system with an oscillatory flow heat exchanger attached. Key findings include the hybrid system achieving a combined PV/T efficiency of 53.7% at a solar irradiance of 918 W/m2 and water flow rate of 0.035 kg/sec, representing an improvement over the commercial PV module alone. The hybrid system also achieved a higher PV module efficiency of 11.7% under these conditions due to cooling from the heat exchanger.
Thermal Storage Comparison for Variable Basement Kinds of a Solar Chimney Pro...Waqas Tariq
This study compared the thermal performance of three different basement materials for a solar chimney prototype in Baghdad: concrete, black concrete, and black pebbles. The black pebbles basement provided the best thermal storage and highest collected air temperatures, reaching 59°C and providing a 22°C temperature difference compared to ambient air. It also maintained warm air temperatures for five hours after sunset. The black concrete basement improved thermal storage by 50% over ordinary concrete. Overall, the results showed that a basement with high thermal storage capacity, like black pebbles, can significantly improve the efficiency and duration of operation of a solar chimney system.
This document summarizes a literature review on experimental setups and performance analyses of solar air heaters with rib modifications. It discusses how ribs are commonly used to enhance heat transfer and the thermal efficiency of solar air heaters. The review examines 18 previous studies that tested different rib configurations and geometries, absorber plate materials and coatings, and the addition of features like baffles and wire meshes. The key findings are that artificial roughness like ribs are very effective at improving efficiency by increasing turbulence, and modifications to rib shape could provide new opportunities for performance optimization. The objective and scope of further studying rib modifications and their impact on solar air heater effectiveness are outlined.
Energy performance of an evacuated tube solar collector using single walled c...Sabiha Akter Monny
The document describes an experimental study that tested the thermal efficiency of an evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) using different concentrations of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nanofluids as the heat transfer fluid. Experiments were conducted using SWCNT nanofluids with volume concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% at flow rates of 0.008, 0.017, and 0.025 kg/s. The maximum collector efficiency of 93.43% was found for the 0.2% SWCNT nanofluid at a flow rate of 0.025 kg/s. Collector efficiency increased with both higher SWCNT concentrations and increased flow rates. The results suggest that SWCNT nano
Enhancement of the output power generated from a hybrid solar thermal systemeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper investigates the output power and increased the efficiency of a hybrid Photovoltaic/ Thermal (PV/T) modules through utilizing the heat generated from the surface of panels by one axial tracking of the hybrid PV/Tsystem by means of zenith angle and decreasing the heat generated from the PV modules by controlling the flow rate of the system. A comparison between theoretical and experimental work results for fixed and tracking PV/T hybrid system is presented. Comsol software package used to simulate the electromagnetic waves produced by the sun through solving Maxwell's equations in three dimensions and the sun irradiance is assumed to be Gaussian distribution across the twelve mourning hours. Beside that an experimental work is presented depending on the results conjured from the theoretical experience used in Comsol Multiphysics In the second part of the experimental work, one axial sun-tracking system is designed where the movement of a photo-voltaic module is controlled to follow the Sun’s radiation using a Data acquisition card (DAQ) unit. Finally an active cooling system is designed and conducted to cool the fixed and tracking modules at which an absorber system consists of copper pipe welded with aluminium plate is attached underneath the PV modules to allow water flowing below the modules. In addition to the above an electrical analysis for both systems are presented where I-V, P-V, power with 12 mourning hour’s and electrical efficiency. Beside that the thermal analysis for the fixed and tracking PV modules and the piping water are presented where the input, output temperatures, the total energy of heat losses and thermal efficiency are calculated. As a result, a significant enhancement in the total electrical efficiency is observed with acceptable increase in the output water temperature. Keywords: Cooling systems; DAQ; Hybrid; Comsol Multiphysics; Mat lab; Solid work; Lab view.…
Biomass supported solar thermal hybrid power plantshivakumarmh
This document discusses a proposed biomass supported solar thermal hybrid power plant (STHPP) that would allow for continuous electricity generation. Solar thermal power plants (STPP) currently cannot operate continuously due to variability in solar irradiation. The proposed STHPP would combine a STPP with a biomass plant to provide auxiliary power when solar power is unavailable. This hybrid system would use biomass to fuel an auxiliary boiler to produce steam and maintain continuous operation of the steam turbine. By integrating biomass and thermal energy storage, the STHPP could generate electricity continuously even after sunset or on cloudy days, overcoming limitations of standalone STPPs.
Modeling Of a Bucket Air Cooler by Using Solar EnergyIJMER
In a conventional energy sources day to day decreasing in their energy levels. Going green and conservation as much energy as possible has become the focal point in their eyes of the world. There are many sources of energy available to us that will conserve our natural resources and decrease on harmful emissions that are destroying our environment. Many energy sources available in world like
hydro electrical, thermal, mechanical, solar, tidal, bio gas, wave, wind, geothermal, ocean thermal energy. Many incentives are now available to individuals and industries who implement the use of this ecofriendly environment through in this direction we are selected solar energy is main sources.Our design and construction of a bucket air cooler by using solar energy is new alternative to
conventional energy sources. We set out to create an air cooler that does not create any harmful
emissions in environment and provide no pollution in the surrounding. The solar power as the main energy sources to help in the project work. It is providing to cooling the enclosed space and also measured the temperature levels of before and after in absorbed enclosed space.
This document discusses a proposed project to design and manufacture a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) that can harness wind energy from vehicles on highways. The goals are to utilize unused wind energy from passing automobiles and produce electrical energy. VAWTs are advantageous because they can capture wind from any direction and operate efficiently in turbulent conditions typical of urban settings. The design aims to fabricate the turbine using low-cost materials like bicycle wheels to generate power that can be stored and distributed to nearby rural areas in need of electricity. Observations were made on the turbine's rotation speed and a battery's charging condition under different wind speeds to analyze the system's power output.
The Effects of Tempered Glass with Low Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Content on the Effi...IJERD Editor
In this study, the effect of glass cover on the energy and exergy efficiencies of conventional type solar air heater was investigated experimentally. Classic and tempered low iron glass were used as a glass cover. Two of collectors whose dimensions are 900x1900x170mm3 were used in the experiments. The experiments were conducted at the air flow rates of 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 kg/s. Energy and exergy efficiencies were evaluated regarding to experimental results. As a result of the experiments, it was found that energy efficiency of the collector equipped with tempered glass with low iron oxide content increases by an amount of 4.5%-5.3%. In case of exergy efficiency, an increase was also observed between 0.4 and 0.82 percent
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IRJET- Performance Analysis of Evacuated Tube Solar Dryer with Desiccant Dehu...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes a study analyzing the performance of an evacuated tube solar dryer with a desiccant dehumidifier and phase change material (PCM) as thermal storage.
2. In the setup, air is passed through a desiccant bed to increase its moisture absorption capacity before being heated in evacuated tubes and used to dry 5kg of chopped spinach leaves over 8 hours.
3. Preliminary results found that using a desiccant increased drying effectiveness by producing hotter, drier air for drying compared to the solar dryer without a desiccant. Maximum temperatures reached 70°C with desiccant versus 67°C without.
This document describes an experimental setup for a solar vapor absorption cooling system using a flat plate collector. The system consists of two main circuits: 1) A solar water heating system circuit that uses a flat plate collector to heat water which is then used in the generator. 2) A vapor absorption refrigeration circuit consisting of a generator, absorber, evaporator, condenser and solution heat exchanger, using an ammonia-water working fluid. Experimental results showed a temperature drop of 7-8°C in the evaporator and a coefficient of performance of 0.75-0.79 for the solar powered vapor absorption system, lower than the maximum theoretical COP of 3.11 but demonstrating the potential to produce refrigeration from solar energy
The document describes a study on improving the thermal efficiency of a solar tunnel drier. A working model of a solar tunnel drier was constructed using a single layer of polyethylene sheeting. Experiments were conducted to measure the temperature increase inside the drier compared to ambient temperature. Additional experiments used double layers of polyethylene sheeting with air gaps of 50mm and 100mm between the layers. The purpose was to determine if the additional insulation of an air gap improved the thermal efficiency of the drier. Temperature, humidity and solar intensity readings were taken over an 8 hour period and compared between the single layer and double layer configurations.
A cfd investigation and pressure correlation of solar air heaterIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the CFD investigation and pressure correlation of solar air heaters. The study analyzed solar air heaters both with and without porous media under different operating parameters. A mathematical model was developed using conservation equations and the problems were solved using finite difference methods. The study found that solar air heaters with porous media have higher thermal efficiency than those without porous media. Key factors affecting solar air heater efficiency like porous media, transmissivity-absorptivity product, and overall heat loss coefficient are discussed.
Among the most important components of solar energy systems, solar collectors are devices that receive solar energy and convert it into thermal energy, as most essential components of solar dryer. This review presents description and previous work performed on performances of solar air collector for agricultural produce. In addition, various solar collectors are classified and described. Solar air collectors for drying application of agricultural produce are presented and summarize. The energy and exergy efficiency of the solar air collector ranges from 28% to 62% and from 30% to 57%, respectively.
Numerical Simulation of Solar Greenhouse Dryer Using Computational Fluid Dyna...RSIS International
Moisture removal from crops and other food items is
one of the ways to preserve them for longer duration. Previously,
drying openly in sun was used to reduce moisture content. But it
had some disadvantages like contamination due to dirt and other
unwanted elements as well as attack by rodents and birds.
Drying in covered close space with vents would be helpful in
overcoming these problems. Solar greenhouse dryers are the
close conduits in which crops can be dried without negatively
affecting the nutrition value. The factors affecting the crop
drying are solar radiation, climatic conditions, material of which
the dryer is made of and shape of the dryer. A lot of
experimental investigations have been done to improve the
drying rate. With the advances in computational power and
numerical techniques, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has
emerged as a powerful tool to optimize any design. In the present
study, simulations have been done on greenhouse dryer with
modifications to identify the temperature distribution with
variation in wind velocity. Different radiation levels have also
been found out at different locations in the dryer. The model of
the dryer has been created in CREO 5.0 and analysis has been
performed using ANSYS 14.0. The simulation has been done for
both forced and natural convection. Obtained results have been
validated with the experimental work done by previous works.
Better drying rate has been obtained for forced circulation as
compared to natural convection which is in agreement with the
available experimental results.
Solar photovoltaic/thermal air collector with mirrors for optimal tiltsIJECEIAES
This work is the result of a study of a photovoltaic/thermal air collector that concentrates solar radiation using two mobile mirrors to enhance electrical and thermal energy. The study is made for the site of Tetouan (Morocco) (longitude=-5°, latitude=35.25°) for a daily variation during typical days in May, June, September, and December, days considered as clear sky. To prove the effectiveness of the mirrors on the production of both electrical and thermal energy by the collector, we compared their electrical and thermal efficiency in two cases, without and with mirrors at the optimal positions. We validate the obtained simulation results by comparing them to the results from experimental studies published in the literature, for which a strong agreement was obtained. The model estimates the solar energy received by the hybrid collector during the day, to optimize the performance of the fixed collector, we have searched for the values of the optimal daily tilt angles of the two mirrors which allowed us to enhance the quantity of incoming solar radiation on the collector. The tilt angles depend on the sun’s elevation angle, the azimuth angle for typical days of the year.
This document discusses solar air conditioning systems. It describes how solar energy can be used for heating and cooling, including providing refrigeration and air conditioning. It then discusses two main types of refrigeration cycles - vapor compression and vapor absorption. Vapor absorption cycles use heat rather than mechanical energy to power the refrigeration process. The document goes on to describe four methods of solar air conditioning: using desiccants, passive solar cooling, solar thermal cooling, and photovoltaic solar cooling. It provides details on each method and notes that solar air conditioning using desiccants has advantages over the other methods in terms of lower cost, lower collector temperature requirements, smaller collector size, and ability to operate at night and in cloudy conditions.
Design of Air Preheater for Solar Dryer for Drying Cerealsijiert bestjournal
This paper expla ins about various factors which are to be considering while designing solar dryer for agriculture products. It includes the major part s like air pre heater,air duct,and cabin for keeping agricultura l products. Out of these parts of air pre heater is important as solar energy is available in attuned form & we have to concentrate it with help of solar collectors. In c ollectors absorber plates are made up of good thermal conductor like copper,aluminium so the plate is get heated due to solar radiation & hence air is h eated by the convection process by forcing the air to flow over absorber plate & this heated air is directed towards the cabin through ducts . After that heated air is made to flow over agri cultural product s specially cereals lying in the cabin which is a closed space having number of trays placed in vertical shell with suitable distance & heated air takes away moisture present in it.
This document outlines the design of a solar crop dryer. It includes sections on introduction and objectives, which aim to design a cost-effective solar dryer. It also discusses methodology, including determining solar energy absorption by flat plate collectors and the drying chamber design. Key specifications calculated are the declination angle, solar intensities, and energy absorbed by the collector, which is estimated at 14.77% efficiency. The solar dryer aims to provide a more sustainable alternative to open air drying and protect crops from spoilage.
ARTICLE 58 IJAET VOLII ISSUE III JULY SEPT 2011Nirav Soni
The document reports on an experimental investigation of a double pass solar air heater with a corrugated absorber plate and Amul Cool aluminum cans. The study found that using a corrugated plate and aluminum cans in the double pass design increased the absorber plate temperature and thermal efficiency compared to a conventional single pass solar air heater. Tests were conducted to analyze how factors like time of day, solar insolation, and mass flow rate affected the absorber temperature and thermal efficiency of the modified solar air heater design.
microclimatic modeling and analysis of a fog cooled naturally ventilated gree...IJEAB
In the present paper, a thermal model has been presented for predicting the thermal environment inside a fog cooled naturally ventilated greenhouse. Experiments were conducted on a polyethylene covered greenhouse having 250 m2 ground area located at Coochbehar (latitude: 26.2o N, longitude: 89oE), West Bengal, India. The greenhouse was cooled by intermittent fogging with three distinct fogging cycles during the experiments. The greenhouse air temperature profiles as predicted by theoretical model were validated for different fogging cycle configurations. The model prediction and experimental results build up a good match (co-efficient of correlation was in range of 0.85 to 0.97). It was observed that fogging cycle configuration (spray time and spray interval combination) influences greatly the cooling performance of the fogging system. Further analysis revealed that greenhouse temperature could be maintained 2-5oC below the ambient temperature by employing suitable fogging cycle, maintaining the relative humidity within acceptable level.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document summarizes the design, fabrication, and performance study of a solar air collector for room heating in Bangladesh. The collector was designed to be 1.23 square meters in size and heat a 1.365 cubic meter room. Data on inlet and outlet air temperatures were collected to calculate heat gain and collector efficiency. The maximum collector efficiency reached 32.79% when the inlet temperature was 35°C and outlet was 45°C. Graphs show efficiency and temperature differences over time on three days, with the maximum temperature difference reaching 10°C at 1:30PM and efficiency peaking then as well. The solar air collector provided effective room heating for 8 hours per day.
A Review Investigation On The Thermal Performance Of The Solar Dryer System I...IJSRD
The quality of drying capacity of the solar dryer is chiefly depends on the external environmental conditions as an result the quality of dried product is decreases. So to improve the quality of dried product in the dryer reduce fluctuation of the temperature, reduce loss of energy is to be necessary. This is possible by employing the thermal energy storage material in the dryer. This paper is primarily focused on the arrangement of the latent heat storage material integrated with solar dyer. Which reduces fluctuation of temperature, reduce the loss of energy also increase the working hours of solar dryer even during off sunshine hours.
This document summarizes a project to develop a solar powered evaporative air cooler with a cooling cabin for household food items. The system aims to provide natural cooling for homes, especially in villages, to address issues of long power cuts and high costs of conventional cooling methods. It consists of solar panels to generate electricity, a centrifugal fan powered by the electricity to produce an airflow through cooling pads, and a cooling cabin below with ceramic slabs surrounded by cooling pads to maintain a cool temperature for food storage. Calculations show the system can meet the heat load of a sample room and lower the temperature and humidity to comfortable levels while using renewable solar energy at a lower cost than existing alternatives. The overall goal is to provide an affordable and eco
Comparative Study of Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Verification ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that modified a solar dryer design to more effectively dry mango pulp. The authors presented a solar dryer design with a spiral convection tube to improve heating rates. This design inducts radiation from the sun and emits radiant energy from within to increase heating by 22-27%. The study investigated the modified dryer experimentally and theoretically. Key parameters like temperature, efficiency, air flow, and materials were considered in the design and testing of the solar dryer for drying mango pulp.
Experimental Investigation of Solar Air Heater with Different Surface Roughne...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of a solar air heater with different surface roughness geometries. The study tested three surface configurations: a smooth aluminum plate and plates with dimpled and cuboid roughness shapes. Data on temperature, pressure, efficiency and heat transfer coefficients were collected under actual outdoor conditions and compared across configurations. The goal was to enhance heat transfer and thermal performance through artificial surface roughness.
In many countries,agricultural products are dried under the open sun. However,this way of drying deg rades the quality of the dried products due to interferen ce from external impurities and uneven drying rates . Numerous types of solar dryers have been designed a nd developed in various parts of the world,yieldin g varying degrees of technical performance. Basically,there are three types of solar dryers;direct sol ar dryers,indirect solar dryers and mixed-mode dryers. This r eview paper is focused on hybrid solar dryers. Drying proceeded successfully even under unfavorable weath er conditions in the hybrid mode of operation these are the most cost effective type of dryers and are easy to fabricate and use. In this review paper,we reviewe d different types of hybrid solar dryers and different design m odifications applied to them in order to increase t heir effectiveness.
Similar to 3439 2011 exergeticanalysisofsolardryingsystems-nr (20)
The document proposes two uses of AI technology for town planning:
1. Monitoring unauthorized developments using satellite imagery, drone photography, and image processing to detect changes and identify approved and unapproved buildings and layouts.
2. Preparing multiple proposed land use scenarios using AI to consider more than four factors, like land requirements, suitability maps, and allocating land uses.
The document provides information about the peer team visit to Prananath College. It includes details about the college such as its founding in 1959, courses offered, faculty and student profiles, infrastructure, achievements and activities. The college aims to provide quality higher education and promote social justice, competence, and commitment to national priorities through intellectual, spiritual and physical growth of students.
This letter of recommendation is written by Vedika Rajiv Oza's senior professor from the Renewable Energy Department at Vellore Institute of Technology. The professor recommends Vedika for admission to a Master's program, praising her excellent academic record, top 5% class ranking, methodical research approach, and active participation in class discussions. The professor oversaw one of Vedika's projects to design a solar panel and was impressed with her accurate work. Vedika exceeded expectations in coursework, delivering clear presentations, and also involved herself in extracurricular activities. The professor is confident in Vedika's ability to succeed as a graduate student and contribute solutions to real world problems.
This document outlines the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 in India, which aims to prohibit the practice of dowry. Some key points:
- It defines dowry as any property or valuable security given by one party or their relatives to the other party around the time of marriage.
- It establishes penalties for both giving/taking dowry as well as demanding dowry, including imprisonment and fines.
- Any dowry received must be transferred to the wife within a few months, and failure to do so is also punishable.
- It gives powers to Dowry Prohibition Officers to enforce the act and collect evidence of offenses.
- Both central and state governments are allowed to make rules
This document provides an introduction to the Women's Empowerment Principles (WEPs), a set of principles for business on promoting gender equality and women's empowerment. It outlines that gender equality is a fundamental human right, and discusses how empowering women drives sustainable development and economic growth. It then presents the business case for gender equality, facts on the current barriers facing women, and an overview of the seven WEPs and how companies can implement them. Finally, it encourages engagement with UN Global Compact Local Networks to promote the WEPs.
This document introduces linear time-varying (LTV) systems and the computation of the state transition matrix (STM) for LTV systems. It discusses:
1) The definition and properties of the STM for LTV systems.
2) Conditions under which the system matrix A(t) commutes with the integral of A(t), which is required to compute the STM.
3) Examples of computing the STM for different time-varying system matrices.
4) How to obtain the overall state solution for an LTV system given its STM.
5) An introduction to discretizing continuous-time systems.
The document summarizes key findings from the Institute for Economics and Peace's 2021 Global Peace Index report. It finds that 73 countries deteriorated in peacefulness while 87 improved. Deteriorations were primarily driven by increases in militarization, military spending, and declines in safety and security, while improvements stemmed from reductions in conflicts and terrorism impacts. Iceland remains the most peaceful country while Afghanistan is the least peaceful. The economic cost of violence amounts to $1.496 trillion, or 11.6% of world GDP.
The document provides information about the Electrical and Electronics Engineering department at Chandil Polytechnic. The department was established in 2017 and offers 3-year diploma programs in electrical and electronics engineering. It aims to impart quality teaching and provide hands-on experience to produce skilled engineers. The department offers bachelor's and master's degrees and has laboratories for electronics, instrumentation, digital circuits, and power electronics. Graduates have good job prospects in industries like Siemens, Bosch, and BHEL.
This chapter discusses entrepreneurship and the process of starting a new business venture. It defines entrepreneurs as individuals who take on the risk of starting a business to pursue opportunities. It identifies different types of entrepreneurs and common personality traits they possess, such as high energy, self-confidence, and creativity. The chapter also explains why people choose to become entrepreneurs, factors supporting entrepreneurship, and outlines the typical process of selecting an idea, writing a business plan, and obtaining financing to launch a new company.
This document outlines the course objectives, expected outcomes, student learning outcomes, and modules of the MEE2022 Power Plant Engineering course. The course aims to discuss various power generation units and steam cycles, introduce concepts of steam generators and combustion methods, and discuss nuclear, gas turbine, hydro, and diesel power plants. Students will understand basic power generation types and steam cycles, learn about different boiler types, solve problems related to gas turbine and Rankine cycles, distinguish power generation units based on economic and environmental factors, and gain knowledge on contemporary issues. The course contains 7 modules covering topics like steam power plants, combustion and firing methods, nuclear power plants, gas turbine power plants, hydroelectric power plants, and diesel engine power plants.
This document contains a 50 question quiz on power plant engineering concepts. The questions cover topics like fuels used in nuclear power plants, the purpose of moderators and coolants, types of reactors (e.g. pressurized water, boiling water, gas cooled), and materials used. Multiple choice answers are provided for each question.
This document discusses solar dryers, which use solar energy to dry substances like food. It describes the two main types - direct and indirect dryers - and explains their construction and working principles. Solar dryers are needed to prevent spoilage of foods in rainy seasons and address other issues like spreading harvests. Key advantages are less drying time than sun drying, protection from pests and weather, and hygienic drying. The document also reviews improvements possible in solar dryers and their limitations, concluding that India should make more use of this renewable energy source to address food waste problems.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262215683
Exergetic Analysis of Solar Drying Systems
Article in Natural Resources · January 2011
DOI: 10.4236/nr.2011.22012
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