Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They provide additional information about the verb such as how, when, where, or how often an action occurs. There are different types of adverbs including adverbs of manner which describe how something is done (happily, slowly), adverbs of place which indicate location (here, nearby), and adverbs of indefinite frequency which specify how often something occurs (often, never). Adverbs take different positions depending on the type, with adverbs of manner and place usually at the end of a clause and adverbs of indefinite frequency between the auxiliary and main verb.
Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language. It can help foster precision, detect ambiguity, and exploit the richness of expression available in English. And it can help everyone--not only teachers of English, but teachers of anything, for all teaching is ultimately a matter of getting to grips with meaning.
The Degrees of Comparison in English grammar are made with the Adjective and Adverb words to show how big or small, high or low, more or less, many or few, etc., of the qualities, numbers and positions of the nouns (persons, things and places) in comparison to the others mentioned in the other part of a sentence or expression.
The Positive Degree of an adjective in comparison is the adjective in its simple form. It is used to denote the mere existence of some quality of what we speak about. It is used when no comparison is made.
The Comparative Degree denotes the existence of a higher degree of the quality than the positive. It is usedwhen two things (or two sets of things) are compared.
The Superlative Degree denotes the existence of the highest degree of the quality. It is used when more than two things are compared.
The grammatical category associated with comparison of adjectives and adverbs is degree of comparison. The usual degrees of comparison are the positive, which simply denotes a property (as with the English words big and fully); the comparative, which indicates greater degree (asbigger and more fully); and the superlative, which indicates greatest degree (as biggest and most fully). Some languages have forms indicating a very large degree of a particular quality
Differentiating between Demonstrative Pronouns and Demonstrative Adjectives.
The four terms this, these, that and those are used to identify and indicate specific objects or people. These four terms can be used either as demonstrative adjectives or demonstrative pronouns. Although these terms are used for both demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns, there is a big difference between them based on their function and use.
The main difference between demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns is that demonstrative adjectives modify a noun whereas demonstrative pronouns replace a noun.
Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language. It can help foster precision, detect ambiguity, and exploit the richness of expression available in English. And it can help everyone--not only teachers of English, but teachers of anything, for all teaching is ultimately a matter of getting to grips with meaning.
The Degrees of Comparison in English grammar are made with the Adjective and Adverb words to show how big or small, high or low, more or less, many or few, etc., of the qualities, numbers and positions of the nouns (persons, things and places) in comparison to the others mentioned in the other part of a sentence or expression.
The Positive Degree of an adjective in comparison is the adjective in its simple form. It is used to denote the mere existence of some quality of what we speak about. It is used when no comparison is made.
The Comparative Degree denotes the existence of a higher degree of the quality than the positive. It is usedwhen two things (or two sets of things) are compared.
The Superlative Degree denotes the existence of the highest degree of the quality. It is used when more than two things are compared.
The grammatical category associated with comparison of adjectives and adverbs is degree of comparison. The usual degrees of comparison are the positive, which simply denotes a property (as with the English words big and fully); the comparative, which indicates greater degree (asbigger and more fully); and the superlative, which indicates greatest degree (as biggest and most fully). Some languages have forms indicating a very large degree of a particular quality
Differentiating between Demonstrative Pronouns and Demonstrative Adjectives.
The four terms this, these, that and those are used to identify and indicate specific objects or people. These four terms can be used either as demonstrative adjectives or demonstrative pronouns. Although these terms are used for both demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns, there is a big difference between them based on their function and use.
The main difference between demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns is that demonstrative adjectives modify a noun whereas demonstrative pronouns replace a noun.
This slide is dedicated to Senior High School teachers and students in Indonesia -- as one topic in the 2013 curriculum that teachers have to teach in English class.
The writer expects that this slide can provide additional references to teachers and students.
In teaching Noun Phrase, the writer does not stop at giving students knowledge about its structures and functions. Instead, the writer thinks that the teaching of Noun Phrase should help learners improve their reading comprehension, speaking, writing, as well as listening. So the teaching of Noun Phrase should have an impact to students' language skills rather than simply give knowledge. To achieve this goal, the writer trained students with a lot of translation practice via authentic texts.
This slide is dedicated to Senior High School teachers and students in Indonesia -- as one topic in the 2013 curriculum that teachers have to teach in English class.
The writer expects that this slide can provide additional references to teachers and students.
In teaching Noun Phrase, the writer does not stop at giving students knowledge about its structures and functions. Instead, the writer thinks that the teaching of Noun Phrase should help learners improve their reading comprehension, speaking, writing, as well as listening. So the teaching of Noun Phrase should have an impact to students' language skills rather than simply give knowledge. To achieve this goal, the writer trained students with a lot of translation practice via authentic texts.
9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938) was a South Asian Muslim writer,[1][2] philosopher,[3] scholar and politician,[4] whose poetry in the Urdu language is considered among the greatest of the twentieth century,[5][6][7][8] and whose vision of a cultural and political ideal for the Muslims of British Raj[9] was to animate the impulse for Pakistan.[1][10] He is commonly referred to by the honorific Allama[11] (from Persian: علامہ, romanized: ʿallāma, lit. 'very knowing, most
2. ADVERBS
Adverbs are words used to describe or modify verbs.
Adverbs give more information about a verb.
Use adverbs to make your writing more interesting.
Adverbs are words that modify
a verb (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?)
an adjective (He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?)
another adverb (She moved quite slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did she
move?)
As we will see, adverbs often tell when, where, why, or under what conditions something
happens or happened. Adverbs frequently end in -ly; however, many words and phrases
not ending in -ly serve an adverbial function and an -ly ending is not a guarantee that a
word is an adverb. The words lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly, neighborly, for instance,
are adjectives:
That lovely woman lives in a friendly neighborhood.
3. POINTS TO BE NOTED
1. If the adjective ends in -y, replace it with -i and then add -ly.
Adlective Adverb
Happy Happily
Angry Angrily
Lucky Luckily
2. If the adjective ends in -able, -ible, or -le, replace the -e with -y.
Adlective Adverb
probable probably
gentle gently
humble humbly
4. 3. If the adjective ends in -ic, add -ally.
Adlective Adverb
basic basically
economic economically
This rule, however, has an exception. The adverb formed
from public is publicly, and not publically.
5. Adverbs of manner say how something happens or is done.
Examples are: happily, angrily, slowly, carefully, fast etc.
She walked slowly.
John drove carefully.
The soldiers fought bravely.
ADVERBS OF MANNER
6. POSITION
Adverbs of manner normally go in end position
(at the end of a clause).
She sang well.
He talked loudly.
She walked slowly.
He managed it skillfully.
She speaks English well.
7. ADVERBS OF PLACE
Adverbs of Place tell us where something happens.
Examples are: upstairs, here, there, nearby, everywhere, in, out etc.
She looked for him everywhere.
Please come in.
They bought a house nearby.
He lives here.
The boss has gone out.
He was seen nowhere.
8. POSITION
They are normally placed at the end of a clause.
She took him out.
They all went away.
We went ahead.
The children were playing upstairs.
He jumped out.
10. EXPLANATION
Adverbs of indefinite frequency tell us how often something happens.
Common examples are: always, ever, usually, normally, often,
frequently, seldom, never etc.
I am never late for office.
Have you ever been to the US?
I often work late.
11. POSITION
Adverbs of indefinite frequency go in mid position. They are normally
placed after the auxiliary verbs and before other verbs. When there
are two auxiliary verbs, the adverb goes after the first.
I always get up early. (adverb + main verb)
I am seldom late for work. (is/am/are/was/were + adverb)
We frequently visit them. (adverb + main verb)
I often read comics. (adverb + main verb)
I have never seen a dolphin. (auxiliary verb + adverb + main verb)
12. FOCUSING ADVERBS
Focusing adverbs point to a particular part of a clause.
Most common examples are: also, just, even, only, mainly, mostly, either, neither etc.
Position
As focusing adverbs point to a particular part of a sentence, the meaning conveyed
often depends upon their position. It is best to place them in front of and next to the
word or words modified by them.
Compare:
Only John helped me to buy the house. (= Only John and no one else
helped me.)
John only helped me to buy the house. (= John helped me to buy the
house, but didn't actually buy it for me.)
14. ADVERBS OF DEGREE
Adverbs of Degree tell us about the degree or extent of an action,
quality or manner.
Examples are: almost, little, enough, much, too, partly, fully, so,
rather, quite, nearly, just, too, hardly, scarcely, very etc.
She is very beautiful.
I am extremely sorry.
She is quite strong.
They are fully prepared.
15. ADVERBS OF CERTAINTY
Adverbs of certainty express how certain or sure we feel about an
action or event.
Common examples are: certainly, definitely, probably, undoubtedly,
clearly, obviously etc.
He is undoubtedly a great leader.
There is clearly something wrong.
She is definitely taller than you.
16. ADVERBS OF TIME AND
DEFINITE FREQUENCY
Adverbs of time and definite frequency tell us when something
happens.
Examples are: today, yesterday, later, now, all day, not long,
for a while, since, last year, sometimes, frequently, never,
often, yearly etc.
shall go there tomorrow.
You must get up early.
I have seen him before.
Let us start now.