The document discusses various quality tools and techniques including a project charter, check sheet, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagram, and matrix. It provides details on how to create and use each tool. A project charter is used to define the goals, metrics, scope, team, and plan for a quality project. Check sheets collect attribute and variable data to identify defects, locations, and causes. Pareto analysis arranges information to establish improvement priorities by highlighting the most common issues. A cause-and-effect diagram displays potential factors that influence a problem or quality characteristic.
Statistical quality control applied industrial and manufacturing operations. Case study regarding the use of these tools. Description of statistical tools used in quality control and inspection.
Fishbone Diagram, Ishikawa Diagram Training, Learn Fishbone in 3 Easy StepsBryan Len
What is Fishbone Diagram ?
Fishbone Diagram, an interesting name. It looks like a fish. Fishbone Diagram is one of the best techniques used in root cause analysis.
The diagram is named after Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, University of Tokyo in 1943, who first developed and used fishbone diagram. That’s why, Fishbone diagram got another name as “Ishikawa”.
How is Fishbone Diagram Used ?
The great benefit of the fishbone diagram is its broad application. It can be applied to identify the causes of almost any problems like mechanical failures of a product, or designing to psychological issues.
Advantages of Fishbone Diagram:
Advantages of Fishbone method are,
Straightly easy to learn and apply
Good way to focus a brainstorming session
Effective learning method to the whole team.
Focuses discussion on the target issue
Encourages “system thinking” via visual connections
Puts further assessments and corrective actions in order
How to Develop Fishbone Diagram?
There are miscellaneous ways to develop a fishbone diagram and conduct it.
One way is to put the categories of possible causes on the “bones” of the fish, each line representing one category, such as:
Man (personnel)
Machine
Methods
Materials
Measurements
Mother Nature (environment)
Who Should Take Fishbone Diagram Course ?
Audience,
Tonex Training offers 2-days course and designed for all the individuals who want to learn and apply simple problem analysis tools. This hands-on seminar is ideal for the people like,
Senior executives, strategic leaders
Managers, quality managers
Product managers, manufacturing managers
R&D managers.
Learning Opportunities :
Learn about,
Concept of fishbone diagram
Learn when to use a cause & effect diagram
Creating effective fishbone diagram.
Fishbone diagram benefits in root cause analysis
Various approaches for fishbone diagram building.
Course Topics :
Fishbone Diagram Training topics can be adjusted as per your custom requirements,
Fundamentals of Fishbone diagram.
Fishbone Diagram Procedure
TONEX Fishbone Diagram Hands-On Workshop
Want To Learn More ?
Visit tonex.com for Fishbone Diagram Training, Ishikawa Training courses and workshop detail.
Fishbone Diagram, Ishikawa Diagram Training, Learn Fishbone in 3 Easy Steps
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/fishbone-diagram-training-ishikawa-training/
Dear All, This is very comprehensive training on application of 7QC tools in industry. There is now a common demand in every industry to improve and control the process by achieving product quality with integrity. These 7-QC tools are very useful to fulfil industry demand by controlling the process. I am expecting your kind suggestions and comments to improve my presentation further. Thanks a lot everyone for your time to read this presentation. I hope it will definitely give some value addition in your routine life. Thanking you!
Statistical quality control applied industrial and manufacturing operations. Case study regarding the use of these tools. Description of statistical tools used in quality control and inspection.
Fishbone Diagram, Ishikawa Diagram Training, Learn Fishbone in 3 Easy StepsBryan Len
What is Fishbone Diagram ?
Fishbone Diagram, an interesting name. It looks like a fish. Fishbone Diagram is one of the best techniques used in root cause analysis.
The diagram is named after Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, University of Tokyo in 1943, who first developed and used fishbone diagram. That’s why, Fishbone diagram got another name as “Ishikawa”.
How is Fishbone Diagram Used ?
The great benefit of the fishbone diagram is its broad application. It can be applied to identify the causes of almost any problems like mechanical failures of a product, or designing to psychological issues.
Advantages of Fishbone Diagram:
Advantages of Fishbone method are,
Straightly easy to learn and apply
Good way to focus a brainstorming session
Effective learning method to the whole team.
Focuses discussion on the target issue
Encourages “system thinking” via visual connections
Puts further assessments and corrective actions in order
How to Develop Fishbone Diagram?
There are miscellaneous ways to develop a fishbone diagram and conduct it.
One way is to put the categories of possible causes on the “bones” of the fish, each line representing one category, such as:
Man (personnel)
Machine
Methods
Materials
Measurements
Mother Nature (environment)
Who Should Take Fishbone Diagram Course ?
Audience,
Tonex Training offers 2-days course and designed for all the individuals who want to learn and apply simple problem analysis tools. This hands-on seminar is ideal for the people like,
Senior executives, strategic leaders
Managers, quality managers
Product managers, manufacturing managers
R&D managers.
Learning Opportunities :
Learn about,
Concept of fishbone diagram
Learn when to use a cause & effect diagram
Creating effective fishbone diagram.
Fishbone diagram benefits in root cause analysis
Various approaches for fishbone diagram building.
Course Topics :
Fishbone Diagram Training topics can be adjusted as per your custom requirements,
Fundamentals of Fishbone diagram.
Fishbone Diagram Procedure
TONEX Fishbone Diagram Hands-On Workshop
Want To Learn More ?
Visit tonex.com for Fishbone Diagram Training, Ishikawa Training courses and workshop detail.
Fishbone Diagram, Ishikawa Diagram Training, Learn Fishbone in 3 Easy Steps
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/fishbone-diagram-training-ishikawa-training/
Dear All, This is very comprehensive training on application of 7QC tools in industry. There is now a common demand in every industry to improve and control the process by achieving product quality with integrity. These 7-QC tools are very useful to fulfil industry demand by controlling the process. I am expecting your kind suggestions and comments to improve my presentation further. Thanks a lot everyone for your time to read this presentation. I hope it will definitely give some value addition in your routine life. Thanking you!
7 QC Tools are simple statistical tools used for problem solving. Nilesh Arora presented basics of 7 QC Tool training and details about Pareto Diagram.
A new operator might not be able to follow too many precaution or instructions easily on the shop floor. According to a survey, human mind can absorb 80% of data just by seeing it.
Visual communication reduces whole lot of complexity in understanding. Highly visual instructions with photographs and graphics will generally minimize production errors. A visually appealing display improves the communication level.
Visual factory is a set of tools that allow for accurate and efficient information conveyance. Visual factory is the appropriate display of charts, signs and other visual tools. They together help in reducing overall complexity of instructions.
These visual are an effective way of communication to larger target audience in the shop floor. It can be easily understood by any individual in the plant without reading manuals.
It is a part of lean manufacturing, TQM, TPM by Toyota production system initiatives.
It was Introduced by Gwendolyn Galsworth in her 1997 book Visual Systems
Lean six sigma explained: Beginners trainingQualsys Ltd
A free online introduction to Lean six sigma principles.
Includes lean six sigma tools, philosophy, disciplines, history overview of lean six sigma, applying DMAIC for complex decision making, using Qualsys EQMS software for Lean Six Sigma.
7 QC Tools are simple statistical tools used for problem solving. Nilesh Arora presented basics of 7 QC Tool training and details about Pareto Diagram.
A new operator might not be able to follow too many precaution or instructions easily on the shop floor. According to a survey, human mind can absorb 80% of data just by seeing it.
Visual communication reduces whole lot of complexity in understanding. Highly visual instructions with photographs and graphics will generally minimize production errors. A visually appealing display improves the communication level.
Visual factory is a set of tools that allow for accurate and efficient information conveyance. Visual factory is the appropriate display of charts, signs and other visual tools. They together help in reducing overall complexity of instructions.
These visual are an effective way of communication to larger target audience in the shop floor. It can be easily understood by any individual in the plant without reading manuals.
It is a part of lean manufacturing, TQM, TPM by Toyota production system initiatives.
It was Introduced by Gwendolyn Galsworth in her 1997 book Visual Systems
Lean six sigma explained: Beginners trainingQualsys Ltd
A free online introduction to Lean six sigma principles.
Includes lean six sigma tools, philosophy, disciplines, history overview of lean six sigma, applying DMAIC for complex decision making, using Qualsys EQMS software for Lean Six Sigma.
This presentation from IVT's 4th Annual reviews what to do when you have an exception, critical vs. non-critical exceptions, and learning how to prevent exceptions.
CMMI High Maturity Best Practices HMBP 2010: Process Performance Models:Not N...QAI
Process Performance Models:Not Necessarily Complex -Himanshu Pandey and Nishu Lohia(Aricent Technologies) presented at
1st International Colloquium on CMMI High Maturity Best Practices held on May 21, 2010, organized by QAI
Intro of T-CAAT Audit Software for Auditing TallyData.pdfrafeq
T-CAAT Audit is an add-in to MS Excel with the features of being a One Stop Solution to Perform Automated Audit of Tally Data with Standard Audit Tests/Procedures by dynamically accessing data in Tally from MS Excel. The software generates more than 120 ledger scrutiny reports in a few clicks. T-CAAT Audit has 34 functions in 8 panels with more than 200 options in the functions from which the user can select to generate relevant reports.
This presentation provides a brief overview of key features of T-CAAT Ent which is an add-in software to MS Excel. It can be used for Exporting Masters, Vouchers and Reports from Tally to MS Excel in a structured Format. it also has specific functions for assurance/compliance.
Pareto (pa-RAY-toe) analysis is named after Vilfredo Pareto, an Italian economist who lived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1897, he presented a formula that showed that income was distributed unevenly, with about 80% of the wealth in the hands of about 20% of the people.
This presentation provides a brief overview of key features of T-CAAT Pro version which is an add-in software to MS Excel. It can be used for Exporting Masters and Vouchers from Tally to MS Excel in a structured Format.
1. QUALITY TOOLS &
TECHNIQUES
Q T T
PROJECT CHARTER, CHECK SHEET,
PARETO ANALYSIS, C & E DIAGRAM &
MATRIX
By: -
Hakeem–Ur–Rehman
IQTM–PU 1
2. PROJECT CHARTER
Project Title Project Title
Business Case Why should you do this project?
What are the benefits of doing this project?
Problem Statement What is the problem, issue and/or concern?
Goal What are your improvement objectives and targets?
Metrics (CTQ’s) PRIMARY Metric(s): Key measures to be used for the objectives
SECONDARY Metric(s): Those measures which indicates impacts on
secondary concerns and which indicates that problem is not shifted
to other key areas.
Project Scope What authority do you have?
Which processes/products you are addressing?
What is not within this project?
Project Team Who are the team leader, sponsor, and members?
What are their roles and responsibilities in this project?
Project Plan How and when are you going to get this project done (DMAIC stages)
Communication Plan What are your interfaces with each other?
What are your meeting & reporting times?
4. TYPES OF DATA
ATTRIBUTE DATA give you counts representing the presence
or absence of a characteristic or defect. These counts are
based on the occurrence of discrete events, e.g.,
true/false statements
Accepted or rejected
Passed or fail
An attribute is not numerically measured; it‟s either there or it‟s
not.
VARIABLE DATA are based on numerical measurement of a
key quality characteristic produced by the process, e.g.,
Diameter of a shaft
Temperature of Oven
Pressure of Steam, etc.
5. CHECK SHEET
A check sheet is a Form, in Diagram or Table
format, prepared in advance for
Recording/Collecting Data. You can thus gather
necessary Data by just making a Check mark on
the Sheet.
Main applications of a check sheet include
registering how often different problems occur and
registering the frequency of incidents that are
believed to cause problems.
6. TYPES OF CHECK SHEET
There are five main types of check sheets used
for data collection (custom check sheets can
also be designed to fit specific needs):
1. Defective item check sheet / Attribute
Check Sheet
2. Variable Check Sheet
3. Defective Location Check Sheet
4. Defective Cause Check Sheet
5. Checkup Confirmation Check Sheet
7. TYPES OF CHECK SHEET
DEFECTIVE ITEM (ATTRIBUTE) CHECK SHEET:
used to identify what types of problems or defects are
occurring in the process.
Usually these check sheets will have a list of the defects or
problems that may occur in the process.
When each sample is taken, a mark is placed in the
appropriate column whenever a defect or a problem has
been identified.
Countable data is used in the defective item check sheets.
8. TYPES OF CHECK SHEET
VARIABLE CHECK SHEET:
Gathering data about a process also involves the collection of
information about variables, such as size, length, weight, and
diameter. These data are best represented by organizing the
measurements into a frequency distribution on a variables
check sheet. The following Figure is variables check sheet
showing the frequency distribution of the length of logs in a
sample of 95trees.
9. TYPES OF CHECK SHEET
DEFECTIVE LOCATION CHECK SHEET:
Used to identify what types of problems or defects are occurring in the
process.
Used to identify the location of the defect on the product.
Used; when the external appearance of the product is important.
Usually this type of check sheet consists of a picture of the product. On
this picture, marks can be made to indicate were defects are occurring on
the surface of the product.
10. TYPES OF CHECK SHEET
DEFECTIVE CAUSE CHECK SHEET:
used to identify causes of a problem or a defect.
More than one variable or attribute is monitored when
collecting data for this type of check sheets.
For example, we could be collecting data about the type of
machine, operator, date, and time on the same check
sheet.
Operators Time Machine 1 Machine 2
Operator A Morning X X
Afternoon XX XXXXX
Operator B Morning X XX
Afternoon XX XXXXXXXXXX
As we can see most of the error is occurring at machine 2
and at the afternoon shift. This could suggest that machine
2 has problems when it is run in the afternoon shift.
11. TYPES OF CHECK SHEET
CHECKUP CONFORMATION CHECK SHEET:
Used to ensure that proper procedures are being
followed.
These check sheets usually will have a list of tasks
that need to be accomplished before the action
can be taken.
Examples of checkup confirmation check sheets
are final inspection, machine maintenance,
operation checks, and service performance check
sheets.
12. PARETO ANALYSIS
A bar graph used to arrange information in such a way that priorities for
process improvement can be established.
P a r e to C ha r t o f F a ult D e s c .
2500
100
2000
80
Pe r c e nt
1500
Co unt
60
1000
40
500 20
0 0
F a ult De s c. t. t. g t. d d s r
S S in S am f ie am f ie ct he
n
ki
p er n e i e i fe t
e k e S ec S ec De
O
ok S uc ev n Sp e Sp
Br P Un pe s dg s c.
O A E A is
t M
No aw No
t
R
s t. im
on Tr
C
C o unt 707 674 205 164 97 96 78 45 43 107
Pe r ce nt 3 1 .9 3 0 .4 9 .3 7 .4 4 .4 4 .3 3 .5 2 .0 1 .9 4 .8
C um % 3 1 .9 6 2 .3 7 1 .6 7 9 .0 8 3 .3 8 7 .7 9 1 .2 9 3 .2 9 5 .2 1 0 0 .0
The 80–20 theory was first developed in 1906, by Italian economist,
Vilferdo Pareto, who observed an unequal distribution of wealth and power
in a relatively small proportion of the total population.
Joseph M. Juran is credited with adapting Pareto‟s economic observations
to business applications.
Separates the "vital few" from the "trivial many" (Pareto Principle)
13. PARETO ANALYSIS (Cont…)
The 80:20 Rule Examples:
80% of your phone calls go to 20% of the names
of your list
20% of the roads handle 80% of the traffic
80% of the meals in a restaurant come from 20%
of the menu
20% of the people causes 80% of the problems
14. PARETO ANALYSIS (Cont…)
Pareto Chart Using Minitab– EXAMPLE:
Suppose you work for a company that
manufactures motorcycles. You hope to
reduce quality costs arising from defective
speedometers. During inspection, a certain
number of speedometers are rejected, and
the types of defects recorded.
You enter the name of the defect into a
worksheet column called Defects, and the
corresponding counts into a column called
Counts.
You know that you can save the most
money by focusing on the defects
responsible for most of the rejections.
A Pareto chart will help you identify which
defects are causing most of your problems.
Open the worksheet EXH_QC.MTW
15. PARETO ANALYSIS (Cont…)
Pareto Chart Using Minitab– EXAMPLE:
EXH_QC.MTW (Cont…)
Step – 1:
Choose Stat Quality Tools
Pareto Chart
Step – 2:
Choose Chart defects table.
In Labels in, enter a column of
Defects.
In Frequencies in, enter a
column of Counts
17. PARETO ANALYSIS (Cont…)
Pareto Chart Using Minitab– EXAMPLE:
EXH_QC.MTW (Cont…)
Analyze the Chart:
Focus on improving the
number of missing screws
because over half of your
speedometers are
rejected due to this
defect.
18. SIPOC DIAGRAM (Cont…)
The figure below shows the linkage of the SIPOC to future tools used in the
DMAIC process:
19. OVERVIEW OF THE
BRAINSTORMING TECHNIQUES
A commonly used tool to seek ideas by using categories to stimulates causes
and effect relationship with a problem. It uses verbal inputs in a team
environment.
Categories
The “Y”
The “Problem”
The “X’s”
“Causes”
20. CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAM
Cause-and-Effect Diagram (also
known as a "Fishbone Diagram") is
a graphical technique for grouping
people's ideas about the causes of a
problem.
Invented by Professor Kaoru
Ishikawa of Tokyo University;
Japanese expert in quality
management.
PRODUCTS Categories for the legs of the TRANSACTIONAL
1. Measurement diagram can use templates for 1. People
2. People 2. Policy
products or transactional
3. Method 3. Procedure
4. Materials symptoms. Or you can select 4. Place
5. Equipment the categories by process step 5. Measurement
6. Environment or what you think appropriate 6. Environment
for the situation.
21. CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAM
CLASSIFYING THE X’s (Cont…)
The CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAM is simply a tool to generate
opinions about possible causes for defects.
For each of the X‟s identified in the Fishbone diagram classify them
as follows:
Controllable – C (Knowledge)
Procedural – P (People, System)
Noise – N (External or Uncontrollable)
Think of procedural as a subset of controllable. Unfortunately, many
procedures within a company are not well controlled and can cause
the defect level to go up. The classification methodology is used to
separate the X‟s so they can be used in the X–Y (Correlation or
Cause & Effect) Matrix and the FMEA taught later.
WHICH X’s CAUSE DEFECTS?
22. C & E DIAGRAM USING MINITAB
EXAMPLE:
Using a Pareto Chart, You discovered that your
parts were rejected most often due to surface
flaws. This afternoon, You are meeting with
members of various departments to brainstorm
potential causes for these flaws. Beforehand, you
decide to print a cause & Effect (Fishbone)
diagram to help organize your notes during the
meeting. The example below illustrates how to
generate a complete Cause & Effect diagram with
sub–branches.
OPEN THE FILE:
SURFACEFLAWS.MTW
26. DEFINITION OF X–Y MATRIX
The (X–Y) CAUSE & EFFECT Matrix is:
A tool used to identify potential X‟s and assess their
relative impact on multiple Y‟s (including all Y‟s that are
customer focused)
Based on the team‟s collective “opinions”
Created for every project
Updated whenever a parameter is changed
To summarize, the X–Y is a team based prioritization tool for
the potential X‟s
WARNING! This is not real data, this is organized
brainstorming!! At the conclusion of the project you may
realize that the things you thought were critical are in fact
not as important as was believed.
27. THE X–Y MATRIX (Cont…)
THE VITAL FEW:
A Six Sigma Belt does not just discover which X‟s are
important in a process (the Vital few).
The team considers all possible X‟s that can contribute or cause the
problem observed.
The team uses three primary sources of „X‟ identification:
1. Process Mapping
2. Fishbone Analysis
3. Basic Data Analysis – Graphical and Statistical
A List of X‟s is established and compiled.
The team then prioritizes which X‟s it will explore first, and
eliminates the “obvious” low impact X‟s from further
consideration.
The X–Y Matrix is this Prioritization Tool!
28. THE X–Y MATRIX (Cont…)
PROCEDURE FOR MAKING AN X-Y MATRIX:
1. List out the CTQ (Y‟s) for the targeted process.
2. Make a table with numbers of rows and columns.
3. Write down the CTQ against individual column.
4. Write the weight-age for each CTQ.
5. Find out input process parameters (X‟s) by brainstorming
and write them against individual rows.
6. Put suitable numbers in the intersection of rows and
columns to show the relationship between X‟s and Y‟s.
7. Finally calculate the weighted sum against each X‟s.
29. THE X–Y MATRIX (Cont…)
EXAMPLE: Let‟s take the example of the newspaper printing process. After transforming the
VOC we find the CTQ (Y‟s) as below:
Clearly readable print
Good quality photo
Harmless to health
Upon brainstorming, the input process parameters (X‟s) have been found as below:
Good quality ink
Less vibration during operation of printing press
Paper quality
For the above sets of X‟s and Y‟s the X-Y matrix table will look like the example below:
Wherever there is a strong relation between X‟s and Y‟s, put 9. For weak relations put
3 or 1. Keep the intersection field blank if there is significant relation.
Weighted sum for “Good quality ink” is calculated as 15*9 + 10*9 + 10*1 = 235.
The calculation is similar for the rest of the X‟s. The input parameters with a higher
weighted sum should be selected for further FMEA.