4g technology

1. 4G Technology
Presented
By Nithin Raj

2. 4G Definition
 4G is not one defined technology or
standard, but rather a collection of
technologies at creating fully packet-
switched networks optimized for data.
 4G Networks are projected to provide
speed of 100Mbps while moving and
1Gbps while stationary.

3. 0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)
 At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone
service was introduced, and was designed to
users in cars to the public land-line based
telephone network.
 In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell
Systems, called, Improved Mobile Telephone
Service (IMTS), brought quite a few
improvements such as direct dialing and more
bandwidth. The very first analog systems were
based upon IMTS and were created in the late
60s and early 70s.

4. 1G Technology
 1G refers to the first-generation of
wireless telephone technology was
developed in 1970’s.
 1G had two major improvements:
 the invention of the microprocessor
 the digital transform of the control link
between the phone and the cell site.
 Analog signal

5. 2G Technology
 Around 1980’s
 Better quality & capacity - More people
could use there phones at the same
time
 Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s

6. Previous Technology - 2G
 Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s
 Digital signal:
 1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge

7. Previous Technology - 2G
 Digital data can be compressed and
multiplexed much more effectively than analog
voice encodings
 Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals
or digital data streams are combined into one
signal
 For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum
is 9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times
slower than an ISDN

8. Previous Technology - 2G
 Allows for lower powered radio signals that
require less battery
 Power–CODEC introduction -program that
encodes and decodes digital data stream or
signal
 Translates data from digital to analog and
vice versa

9. Previous Technology - 2G

10. Advantages in Previous
Technology - 2G
 The digital voice encoding allows digital
error checking
 increase sound quality
 lowers the noise level
 Going all-digital allowed for the
introduction of digital data transfer
 SMS –“short message service”
 E-mail

11. Disadvantages in Previous
Technology - 2G
 Cell towers had a limited coverage
area
 Jagged Decay curve
 Abrupt dropped calls
 Analog –gradual sound reduction
 “Spotty” coverage

12. 3G Technology
 Large capacity and broadband capabilities
 Allows the transmission of 384kbps for
mobile systems and up to 2Mbps
 Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz
 A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth
 High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2G–Global roaming

13. Previous Technology - 3G
 CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access
 Form of multiplexing
 Does not divide up the channel by time or
frequency
 Encodes data with a special code
associated with each channel

14. Code Division Multiple Access

15. Types of Multiplexing
 FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple
Access
 Each phone call is allocated one
frequency for the entire duration of the
call

16. Types of Multiplexing
 TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
 Each phone call is allocated a spot in the
frequency for a small amount of time, and
"takes turns" being transmitted

17. Types of Multiplexing
 CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
 Each phone call is uniquely encoded and
transmitted across the entire spectrum, in
a manner known as spread spectrum
transmission

18. Reasons for New Research
 Even though 3G has successfully been
introduced to mobile users, there are some
issues that are debated by 3G providers and
users.
 High input fees for the 3G service licenses
 Great differences in the licensing terms
 3G phones are expensive

19. Fourth Generation

20. What is 4G?
 Fourth Generation Technology
 Faster and more reliable
 100 Mb/s
 Lower cost than previous generations
 Multi-standard wireless system
 Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
 Ad Hoc Networking
 IPv6 Core
 OFDM used instead of CDMA
 Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
 Most information is proprietary

21. Communications Architecture
 Broadcast layer:
 fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower
connected by fiber, microwave, or
satellite (ISP)
 Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
 wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbuck’s)

22. Communications Architecture
 Personal Layer Gateway:
 devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone,
fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs
 Info-Sensor layer:
 environmental sensors
 Fiber-optic wire layer:
 high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic
cables and repeaters

23. Ad Hoc Networks
 Spontaneous self
organization of networks
of devices
 Not necessarily connected
to internet
 4G will create hybrid
wireless networks using
Ad Hoc networks
 Form of mesh
networking–Very reliable

24. Enhance Mobile Gaming
 Experience enhance wireless capabilities
that deliver mobile gaming interaction
with less than five seconds
 Play online multi player games while
traveling at high speeds or sitting outside

25. Broadband access in Remote
location
 4G will provide a wireless alternative
for broadband access
 I will provide first opportunity for
broadband access in remote locations
without an infrastructure to support
cable or DSL access.

26. Thanking You