Directories and folders are used to organize files in a file system hierarchy, with the root directory containing all other files and subdirectories. There are two types of links that can reference files - hard links have equal weighting and both names point directly to the data blocks, while symbolic links refer access back to the main file name through a file name table entry.

1. Operating Systems 2nd. Part

3. The simplest form of a directory system is to have a directory containing all the files. Sometimes, it's called the root directory.

5. Read

6. Write

7. Close

8. Create

9. Hard Link A Hard Link is where a file has two names which are both on an equal weighting, and both of the file names in the "inode table" point directly to the blocks on the disc that contain the data. Example: ln melink melink2

12. Example: ln -s melink melink3