This document summarizes research on wheat stripe rust and races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China from 2008-2012. Key points include: 1) Wheat stripe rust is a major disease in China and caused severe epidemics in some regions in 2009. 2) Field surveys identified over 295 virulence phenotypes from over 4,770 samples collected nationwide from 2008-2012. Races CYR32 and CYR33 were dominant. 3) Isolates collected from different regions and time periods showed variation in temperature sensitivity, with some newer isolates being less sensitive to higher temperatures. 4) The research group evaluates wheat lines for rust resistance, supplies rust spores to breeding programs

1. Occurrences of Wheat Stripe Rust and
Races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in
China during 2008-2012
Wanquan CHEN
IPPCAAS

2. Contents
 Occurrences of wheat stripe rust
 Survey of Pst races
 Temperature sensitivity of Pst population
 Comprehensive utilization of Pst races
 Acknowledgments

3. I Occurrence and Epidemics of Wheat Stripe
Rust in China 2008-2012
China is the largest wheat
producer in the world with the
total wheat growing area of 24
million ha and the total wheat
production of over 120 billion kg
annually (MOA, 2012)
Wheat stripe rust is destructive
in all winter wheat regions and is
considered the most important
foliar disease in China

4. Occurrence and Epidemics of Wheat Stripe
Rust in China during1990-2012

5. Occurrence and Epidemics of Wheat Stripe
Rust in China during 2008-2012

6. Severe Epidemics of Wheat Stripe Rust in
China in 2009
Severe epidemic areas
GansuGansu
Yunnan
Sichuan

7. II Survey of Pst Race and Virulence
19 Chinese Differentials
1 Trigo Eureka (Yr6)
2 Fulhard (+)
3 Lutescens 128(+)
4 Mentana(+)
5 Virgilio (YrVir1-2)
6 Abbondanza(+)
7 Early Piemium(+)
8 Funo (YrA+)
9 Danish 1 (Yr3)
10 Jubilejina II(YrJu1-4)
11 Fengchan3 (Yr1)
12 Lovrin13 (Yr9+)
13 Kangyin655(Yr1,YrKy1-2)
14 Suwon11 (YrSu)
15 Zhong4(+)
16 Lovrin10(Yr9)
17 Hybrid46(Yr3b,4b)
18 T. spelta album (Yr5)
19 Guinong22 (Yr10, 24/26?)
19 Chinese Differentials
1 Trigo Eureka (Yr6)
2 Fulhard (+)
3 Lutescens 128(+)
4 Mentana(+)
5 Virgilio (YrVir1-2)
6 Abbondanza(+)
7 Early Piemium(+)
8 Funo (YrA+)
9 Danish 1 (Yr3)
10 Jubilejina II(YrJu1-4)
11 Fengchan3 (Yr1)
12 Lovrin13 (Yr9+)
13 Kangyin655(Yr1,YrKy1-2)
14 Suwon11 (YrSu)
15 Zhong4(+)
16 Lovrin10(Yr9)
17 Hybrid46(Yr3b,4b)
18 T. spelta album (Yr5)
19 Guinong22 (Yr10, 24/26?)
† Regular field surveys was conducted
annually across wheat growing areas in
China.
† Trap nurseries were disposed at 29
locations in 16 provinces.
† Stripe rust race identification was
conducted by the Chinese National Wheat
Rust Collaborative Group (CNWRCG).

8. Some of Activities of Field Survey

9. Distribution of trap nurseries
29 Locations
16 Provinces
＞ 130 Lines
29 Locations
16 Provinces
＞ 130 Lines
Trap nurseries Provincial capitals

10. Years Chuanmai
42 (Yr26)
Lantian
17(Yr26)
Guinong
22 (Yr26)
92R137
(Yr26)
Moro
(Yr10)
Mianmai
37 (Yr+)
Zhou
98167
(Yr+)
2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2010 1/10/10 0 0 0 0 0 0
2011 2-3/10/20 3/10/t 3/5/5 3/10/10 2/10/20 0 0
2012 3/20/100 3/10/60 3/10/50 3/40/80 3/10/100 0 0
2013 3/10/60 3/10/40 2/10/20 3/20/60 3/10/30 3/10/40 3/10/10
Resistance Variation of Some Wheat Lines in
Trap Nursery during 2009-2013
(Tianshui, Gansu Province)

11. Dynamics of Major Pst Races in China During
2008-2012
A total of 295 virulence
phenotypes has been detected
from more than 4770 samples
during 2008-2012.
CYR32 & CYR33 is considered
as dominant races with the
frequency of 21.7% (18.15-
25.22% ) and 22.1% (18.27-
25.87%)
V26 (Virulence to Yr24/26) was firstly
detected with the frequency of 4.3% in
2010, and then increased to 13.2% in
2012
V26

12. Distribution of Major Pst Race Groups in China
During 2008-2012

13. III Temperature Sensitivity of Different Spatio-
Temporal Pst Populations in China
† Temperature sensitivities of 126 Pst isolates sampled from 12
provinces collected over four decades (1980s-2010s) were compared.
† ET50 values representing the temperature required to achieve a 50%
DIR (disease inhibition rate), was taken as the temperature sensitivity
parameter of the pathogen.
Origin HB YN GZ SC CQ XZ HN GS QH XJ SX NX
Number of
samples
20 9 11 15 6 7 7 16 10 6 12 7

14. III Temperature Sensitivity of Different Spatio-
Temporal Pst Populations in China
• The ET50s of all tested isolates were abnormally distributed in a
range from 18.46 to 27.01°C, and 14.29% of isolates were
higher than 26°C
• Pst isolates from warmer, lower elevations/latitudes showed
relatively higher ET50 values (revealing LT).

15. III Temperature Sensitivity of Different Spatio-
Temporal Pst Populations in China
Low temperature-sensitivity isolates (high ET50 value) had much
stronger parasitic fitness than the mid- and high temperature
sensitivity isolates, as displayed by shorter latent periods, more
spore production and faster lesion growth.
HT isolates LT isolates
15 days after inoculation under 26°C

16. III Temperature Sensitivity of Different Spatio-
Temporal Pst Populations in China
Two hours after heat shock at 26°C, mRNA expression of hsp70 was 17.4-fold
higher in LT isolate than in the control (untreated urediniospores) and 4.9-fold
higher than HT isolate, suggesting that the hsp70 gene may play an important role
in Pst adaptation to high temperature ．

17. IV Comprehensive Utilizations of Pst Races in Wheat
Breeding for Rust Resistance
1. Screening and evaluating for rust
resistance in wheat improvement
program
IPP is responsible for the disease
resistance evaluation of NATWV
1. Screening and evaluating for rust
resistance in wheat improvement
program
IPP is responsible for the disease
resistance evaluation of NATWV
Years No IM MR-HR
Slow
Rusting
%
2009 137 22 37 22 51.1
2010 187 43 29 2 39.6
2011 183 43 56 - 54.1
2012 133 23 50 26 74.4
2013 148 17 50 38 70.9
Total 788 148 222 88 58.1

18. IV Comprehensive Utilizations of Pst Races in Wheat
Breeding for Rust Resistance
2. Supplying Race Information & Urediniospores2. Supplying Race Information & Urediniospores
Results of Pst race survey is distributed to MOA, NATESC,
provincial stations, and institutions of wheat breeding etc
Urediniospores of various Pst races is supplied for the
institutions of wheat breeding annually

19. IV Comprehensive Utilizations of Pst Races in Wheat
Breeding for Rust Resistance
3. Developing Wheat Lines for Stripe Rust Resistance-NILs3. Developing Wheat Lines for Stripe Rust Resistance-NILs
Two sets of near-isogenic lines:
- Mingxian169 (winter wheat)---BC6F4:
9 Yr genes: Yr1, Yr2, Yr5, Yr7, Yr9, Yr10, YrSp,
YrKy2, YrResubka
- Taichung 29 (spring wheat)---BC6F7:
10 Yr genes: Yr1, Yr2, Yr5, Yr7, Yr9 Yr10,
YrV23, YrSp, YrKy2, YrJu4

20. IV Comprehensive Utilizations of Pst Races in Wheat
Breeding for Rust Resistance
3. Developing Wheat Lines for Stripe Rust Resistance---
Multilines
3. Developing Wheat Lines for Stripe Rust Resistance---
Multilines
‘Zhongzhi 2’
Shaan 167 (Yr5/Yr10/YrC591)
Some Wheat Advanced Lines for Stripe
Rust Resistance
Resistant Multi-lines

21. IV Comprehensive Utilizations of Pst Races in Wheat
Breeding for Rust Resistance
4. Reasonable Deployment of Wheat Cultivars based on the
Distribution of Pst Races
4. Reasonable Deployment of Wheat Cultivars based on the
Distribution of Pst Races
Deployment of Yr Genes in Inoculum Source Areas

22. Acknowledgments
Research Group of Wheat Fungal Diseases in IPPCAAS
Shichang XU Xiayu DUAN Yilin ZHOU
Taiguo LIU Li GAO Ruiming LIN Weihua LI
Jing FENG Bo LIU Jieru FAN Fengtao WANG

23. Acknowledgments
National Wheat Rust Collaborative Group
Sponsor: MOA
Coordinator: IPPCAAS
Collaborators: 4 Universities
9 Provincial institutes
3 Provincial extension stations

24. Acknowledgments
Supporting Projects and Grants
 Public Service (Agriculture) Research Project (200903035)
 National Foundation for Wheat Industry and Technology Expert (CARS-03-
04B)
 The National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB127700 and
2011CB100403)
 ……

25. THANK YOU!