This document provides instructions for a programming assignment on binary files. It defines a record type for books with fields for number, title, author, publication date, and borrowed status. It describes a program that reads book data from a text file into a binary file, allows the user to specify borrowed books by number, updates the borrowed field in the binary file, and outputs a list of borrowed books. It also shows how to access specific records in the binary file using seek and read the publication dates of the 5th and last books.

1. Prog_2 course- 2014
2 bytes team
Kinan keshkeh
IT Engineering-Damascus University
3rd year

2. Binary
files

3. 
files are divided into :
Binary files
Text files
1.Definition
2.Assign
3.Initialize :
4.Operations :
5.Close
Files
Rewrite
Reset
append
Write
writeln
Read
Readln
In the same way we define Binary files but there are some changes
Let’s go ....

4. Binary file
It is a type of files that has the same kind of elements and each element inside binary file has the same
size …..
1)Definition :
var filename : file of <type>;
• filename : name from user
• file of : Two words are reserved
• type : any type standard or structure ( char ,integer , string , array , record ……)

5. Ex:
1. Type person=record
fname: string[20];
lname: string[25];
age: integer;
end;
Var f1 : file of person ;
2.Var f2: file of char ;
3.Type arr=array[1..100] of real;
Var f3: file of arr ;
Note : Binary files are similar to arrays but there are
Two different points …
A. Accessible to the element
B. Size 

6. fname
lname
age
fname
lname
age
fname
lname
age
fname
lname
age
……….
fname
lname
age
20 bytes
25 bytes
2 bytes
{ 47 bytes }
Seek(f1,0)
Seek(f1,filesize(f))
Seek(f1,2)
Seek(f1,1)

7. 2)Assign :
Assign(f1,’c:myfile.bin’);
3)Initialize :
A.Rewrite(f) : Used when we want to write or adjustment on a binary file
B.Reset(f) : Used when we want to read on a binary file
4)Operations :
A.Write : access to data when we initialize binary file to write
B.Read : access to data when we initialize binary file to read
5) close : to save changes or store data in binary file 

8. Functions uses in binary files :
1.Seek(filename, i) : Used to move the cursor to element number (i) where counting starts from
For example seek(f,5)
2.Eof(filename) :return true when file ends
3.Filesize(f) : return The number of elements in binary file
Note : we use these functions only when initialize binary file to read
Note : we don’t use eoln(f) in binary file because
there are no lines
zero

9. Lets make it real :D !!

10. hard Exercise  public (8)
أكتة تر اَيجا يقىو تانع هًياخ انتانيح :
.1 انخز في يهف ث اُئي ن عًطياخ تعريف انكتة في يكتثح , يىصف انكتاب ترقى
تسهسهي , وع ىُا , واسى ان ؤًنف , وتاريخ الإصذار , إضافح إنى حقم ي طُقي
يذل عهى الإعارج....يقىو انثر اَيج تقراءج ان عًطياخ ي يهف صَي.
.2 تسجيم الإعارج أو الإعادج في ان هًف, يقىو ان سًتخذو تئعطاء جذول تأرقاو انكتة
ان عًارج وان عًادج , نيسجهها انثر اَيج عهى ان هًف.
.
3 إظهار لائحح تانكتة ان عًارج.
.4 طهة إضافي : طثاعح تاريخ إصذار انكتاب انخايس وانكتاب الأخير في ان هًف
انث اُئي

11. Program 2_bytesprog
Uses wincrt
Type Date=record
day:1..31;
month:1..12;
year:1900..2013;
end;
Book=record
number : integer;
title,author: string[30];
pub_date : Data;
borrowed : Boolean;
end;
Var : f_text :text;
f_bin,temp :file of Book;
i,j,n : integer;
abook: book;
C: char; found: Boolean;
Borrowed_book : array of integer;

12. Begin
assign(f_text ,’c:text.txt’);
assign(f_bin ,’c:binary.bin’);
reset(f_text);
rewrite(f_bin);
while not eof(f_text) do begin with abook do begin
readln(f_text,number,author,title,pub_date.day,c,
pub_date.month,c,pub_date.year,c);
if c='y' then borrowed:=true; if c='n' then
borrowed:=false;
end; {with}
write(f_bin,abook); end; {while}
close(f_text);
close(f_bin);
+1
+2

13. writeln('enter the total number of the lend books');
readln(n);
for i:=1 to n do
begin
writeln('enter the number of the book'); readln(Borrowed_book[i]);
end;
Assign(temp,’c:/myfile.bin)
reset(f_bin);
rewrite(temp);
While not eof(f_bin) do begin read(f_bin,abook); found:=false; i:=1; while i<=n and not found do begin if Borrowed_book[i]=abook.number then found:= true; i:=i+1; end; if found then abook.borrowed:=true; write(temp,abook); end;

14. close(f_bin); close(temp);
Reset(temp); rewrite(f_bin); while not eof(temp) do begin read(temp,abook); write(f_bin,abook); end; close(temp); close(f_bin);
rewrite(temp);
close(temp);

15. Reset(f_bin);
While not eof(f_bin) do
begin
Read(f_bin,abook);
If (abook.borrowed) then
Writeln(abook.number,’ ‘ ,abook.title);
end;
Seek(f_bin,4);
Read(f,abook);
Writeln(‘the book number five has appeared in : ‘,abook.day, ‘ ‘ ,abook.month, ‘ ‘ ,abook.year);
Seek(f_bin,filesize(f_bin));
Read(f,abook);
Writeln(‘the last book has appeared in : ‘,abook.day, ‘ ‘ ,abook.month, ‘ ‘ ,abook.year);
End.

16. Homework:
لذ ىٌا ملفان ثىائ اٍن مه الاعذاد الصح حٍة مزتبة تصاعذ اٌ وز ذٌ
دمجهما بح ثٍ وحصل على ملف واحذ مزتب حٌىي عىاصز
الملف هٍ سىقىم بالذمج دون استخذام الجذاول ف البزوامج
لأوىا وفتزض أن الملفان كب زٍان جذا و هذا ما وسم هٍ بالفزس
الخارج .
1 أكتب أولا بزوامجا ىٌشئ الملفات الثىائ ةٍ مه ملفات
وص ةٍ تحىي أعذاد صح حٍة
.
2 أكتب بزوامج الذمج الذي ىٌشئ الملف الثىائ الىاتج
.
3 أكتب الملف الثىائ الىاتج مجذدا ف ملف وص Good luck…..

17. Group : group link
Mobile phone- Kinan : 0994385748
Facebook account : kinan’s account
2 bytes team