The document discusses various types of computer applications used in business, including accounting information systems, office automation systems, groupware, point-of-sale systems, electronic ordering systems, electronic data interchange, computer-aided design, and computer-aided manufacturing. Accounting information systems process accounting transactions and financial information. Office automation systems improve clerical efficiency through tools like word processors and videoconferencing. Groupware enables collaborative work through functions like email, bulletin boards, and scheduling software.

1. Computer Applications Business Applications Engineering Applications

2. Business Applications Accounting Information System A system that processes corporate accounting information and presents information on the financial position and performance of the company Directly linked to the transaction processing systems of the company

3. Accounting Information Systems A transaction processing system is a system that supports the processing of the day-to-day transactions of a company E.g. order processing systems, invoicing systems, etc. Sophistication of AIS: CISCO: “closing accounts by the daily basis”

4. Accounting Information Systems Some Functions: Digitize data entry slips Automates accounting calculation Prepares financial statements: Balance Sheet Profit and Loss Statement Cash Flow Statement

5. Office Automation (OA) Systems Aims to improve the efficiency of clerical processing in a typical office Includes Office tools (document processing software based on word processors) Electronic filing system Videoconferencing system Electronic secretary Decision support system

6. OA Systems Decision support systems are systems that provide tools to support decision making by executives for unstructured or semi-structured problems in some-what personalized way. Electronic secretary assists in the scheduling of appointments for executives by providing common calendars Document management systems

7. Groupware Software that provides for collaborative (group) work Certain work tasks are collaborative in nature: Project-based work Producing a working paper that requires input from various expertise or brain-storming on a problem Planning of training needs, broadcasting of training programs, processing of training requests, authorization process and feedback Management of leaves Management of claims on business trips, etc. Office purchasing – submission of requisitions

8. Groupware Application areas for groupware: Electronic Mail Beware of the lack of human touch Bulletin Board For mass broadcasting of company policies and procedures (information that does not require much clarification) Videoconferencing Schedule Management Software – use of shared calendars for a project team Authorization systems

9. Application Systems in the Retail Industry Point-Of-Sales (POS) system Not just the cash register anymore – but systems linked to MIS Examples: 7-Eleven: From the information of TPS, collect and analyze them into customer purchasing patterns, change in taste, even preference for a certain packaging size Parco: From the MIS systems that are linked to the POS systems, management can know the success of a certain promotion sales, etc.

10. Application Systems in the Retailing Industry Hand-held ordering devices Take orders from customers in a restaurant Channel the information directly to the kitchen that prepares the order Sophisticated system can even link to stocks and accounting systems

11. Electronic Ordering System Electronic ordering systems help in the order processing workflow When to place an order (reorder level) How much to order or supply (order quantity) Example of the rubber parts supplier Avoid miss in placing orders Automating the process of placing actual order

12. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Allows for processing of documents by involved parties using electronic documents transmitted electronically Business-to-business e.g. between trading parties Use of common approved format Web-EDI

13. Computer Aided Design (CAD) Automate the process of producing product design specification using computers Functions: Repository to accumulate design information that provides reference data for future design work Provide modeling tools to represent the design object Automatically produce part of the design object through pre-specified procedure Helps to evaluate the design through some standard criteria

14. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Assists in the manufacturing process by using computers Design the manufacturing process based on the data in design drawings prepared in CAD Automatically controls the assembly and processing of the product by calibrating appropriately the machinery