Hydrothermal vents were discovered in 1977 by Dr. Robert Ballard who observed large worms and clams living around vents with hot, flowing water and chimneys spewing black smoke in the Galapagos. Hydrothermal vents form along mid-ocean ridges where water is heated by molten rock below the ocean crust to over 400°C and emerges from vents, carrying dissolved metals and chemicals. A variety of organisms from bacteria to fish populate the vents, with bacteria and microbes among the first followed by larger species like tube worms, shrimp, and crabs.
Classification of marine environment pptAshish sahu
The main divisions of the marine environment. The two primary divisions of the sea are the benthic and the pelagic. The former includes all of the ocean floor, while the latter includes the whole mass of water. ... The deep-sea system is divided into an upper (archibenthic) and a lower (abyssal-benthic) zone.
Classification of marine environment pptAshish sahu
The main divisions of the marine environment. The two primary divisions of the sea are the benthic and the pelagic. The former includes all of the ocean floor, while the latter includes the whole mass of water. ... The deep-sea system is divided into an upper (archibenthic) and a lower (abyssal-benthic) zone.
A presentation on Marine Bio-Deterioration, which covers basic concepts & almost all aspects related to it... It can be use for understanding it in a much elaborative level...
A harmful algal bloom (HAB) is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms via production of natural toxins, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means. HABs are often associated with large-scale marine mortality events and have been associated with various types of shellfish poisonings.
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology is a university located in Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, established in 1975. It is named after the politician and educator Narendra Deva, who served as vice chancellor of the University of Lucknow and Banaras Hindu University. It also has constituent colleges in Ambedkar Nagar district and Azamgarh district, as well as a planned college in Gonda district.
A presentation on Marine Bio-Deterioration, which covers basic concepts & almost all aspects related to it... It can be use for understanding it in a much elaborative level...
A harmful algal bloom (HAB) is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms via production of natural toxins, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means. HABs are often associated with large-scale marine mortality events and have been associated with various types of shellfish poisonings.
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology is a university located in Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, established in 1975. It is named after the politician and educator Narendra Deva, who served as vice chancellor of the University of Lucknow and Banaras Hindu University. It also has constituent colleges in Ambedkar Nagar district and Azamgarh district, as well as a planned college in Gonda district.
M2 Discussion Hyperthermophiles “Like It Hot”33 unread replies.44.pdfbarristeressaseren71
M2 Discussion: Hyperthermophiles “Like It Hot”
33 unread replies.44 replies.
In 1977, scientists discovered a new and unexpected habitat in the Pacific Ocean northeast of the
Galapagos Islands. Hydrothermal vent organisms were discovered in a dark deep-sea
environment, approximately 2600 m below the ocean\'s surface, where earth’s crustal plates were
spreading apart. Among these organisms were a large number of previously unknown animal
species, such as the tube worm Riftia pachyptila. How could life thrive in total darkness?
Researchers looked closely at these hydrothermal vents where columns of dark, cloud mineral-
laden hot water pour through fissures in the sea floor. Cold water seeps downward through
cracks in the earth\'s crust and is heated by molten lava. Later, as the hydrothermal water is
forced upward, it mixes with seawater causing mineral precipitates to form that create the
chimney-like structures called black smokers. In the extreme heat and pressure, deep within
earth’s crust, sulfate is reduced to form the high-energy H-S bond. The water in these
hydrothermal vents is thus rich in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and teams with a large numbers of
sulfur bacteria. These bacteria oxidize H2S to form H2SO4 and thereby use the energy of the
earth\'s interior (captured by H2S formation) to convert CO2 into organic nutrients.
To benefit from this process, several vent animals have established endosymbiotic relationships
with these sulfur bacteria. One of the best-researched examples is R. pachyptila. This giant
gutless tube worm consists primarily of a long, thin sac attached to a gill plume. H2S, O2, and
some CO2 molecules are absorbed through the gill plume and carried to the tissues through the
blood bound to the transport protein hemoglobin. The trophosome, the site of the redox (energy-
generating) reactions, is the animal\'s most prominent organ. It is colonized by a large number of
sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. In return for a steady supply of H2S, O2, and CO2 provided by the
tube worms\' circulatory system, the sulfur bacteria provide the organic nutrients required for the
worm\'s growth and development.
For additional reading read this article on aspects of life development (Links to an external site.).
Hyperthermophilic organisms thrive in extremely hot conditions. Discuss (in 250-300 words)
any one biochemical property or adaptation that may facilitate the survival of these organisms at
temperatures above 80oC.
Solution
The hyperthermophiles have modified DNA, enzyme and membrane modifications that facilitate
the survival of these organisms above 80 C.
The adaptations include-.
Get the information about Bermuda triangle and u can give presentation about it. It is unsolved till now, but assumptions are made and still the predictions are done,,,,,,
Earth and Life Sciences for Senior High School by Duyanen and Andaya pages 176-179
My fun and colorful grade 11 report on Life Sciences 2nd semester of A.Y. 2016-2017 under Ms. Lagmay
2. How were hydrothermal vents found? Hydrothermal vent communities where discovered by Dr. Robert Ballard in the Galapagos in 1977. On an excursion in the submersible Alvin, Dr. Robert Ballard and fellow scientists looked out to see a community of worms as large as two meters, clams the size of an American football, white shrimp without eyes, all living around vents with hot flowing water and chimneys spewing dark black "smoke".
3. How does Hydrothermal vents form? Hydrothermal vents are one of the most spectacular features on the seafloor. They form in places where there is volcanic activity, such as along the Mid-Ocean Ridge. Water seeps through cracks in the seafloor and is heated by molten rock deep below the ocean crust to as high as 400°C. The hot fluid rises to the surface and gushes out of the vent openings. This hydrothermal fluid carries with it dissolved metals and other chemicals from deep beneath the ocean floor.
5. What kind of Animals live in hydrothermal vents? The first organisms to populate the vents are bacteria, then other microorganisms, including amphipods and copepods appear. These are followed by limpets (snails), shrimp, crabs, tube worms, fish, and octopi. Sometime later acorn worms, dandelion-like animals, and other species of shrimp and tube worms add to the expanding community. In their most advanced stages vents are home to mussels, a variety of worms, anemones, and a large population of crabs, as well as many of the earlier colonists.
