2. “No aquarium, no tank in a marine land, however
spacious it may be, can begin to duplicate the
conditions of the sea. And no dolphin who
inhabits one of those aquariums or one of those
marine lands can be considered normal”
~ Jacques Yves Cousteau ~
”
6. 1. Eutrophic body of water
• Commonly a lake or pond.
• Has high biological productivity.
• Due to: excessive nutrients,
especially nitrogen and phosphorus.
Trophic Classification
Algal bloom in a village river in the mountains
China
7. Trophic Classification
•Lakes with an intermediate level of productivity.
• These lakes are commonly clear water lakes and
ponds with beds of submerged aquatic plants
and medium levels of nutrients
8. Trophic Classification
•Lake with low primary productivity, the result of
low nutrient content.
•These lakes have low algal production, and consequently,
often have very clear waters, with high drinking-water
quality.
10. Salt wedge
Salt wedge is formed because salt water is
denser than fresh water.
So sink below and overlying with
fresh water.
11. Changes in this region
• According to the distance from the river and
sea the amount of salt water decline.
• The distance the salt wedge interrupt the
estuary is not static and changes with tides
• This change in the environment leads to
change in the living organisms and microbial
community that live in this region…..
13. Microbes in this region
• Adapt to the salinity.
• Most protists and fungi produce osmtatically
active carbohydrates.
• Prokaryotes : regulate their internal
potassium or special amino acids such as
ecoine and betaine.
15. • Halophilic: Cant live without high
concentrations of salt.
• Halotolerant: Can withstand variations in salt
concentration.
NO
16. “The sea, the great unifier, is man's only hope.
Now, as never before, the old phrase has a literal
meaning: we are all in the same boat.”
~ Jacques Yves Cousteau ~
”
17. Pollution
• Although estuaries are
the most important
region for diversity of
organisms and other
microbial communities
it is the most polluted
marine environment.
18. • Industries dumb their wastes in rivers and
oceans without fear of consequences..
• The clean up of rivers and oceans continues
from the 17th century till this days….
23. Algal Bloom
• An algal bloom is a rapid increase or
accumulation in the population of algae
(typically microscopic) in a water system.
• Some blooms may be recognized by
discoloration of the water resulting from the
high density of pigmented cells.
24. • If microbes produce TOXIC products or are in
themselves toxic to other organisms such as
fish and shellfish.
• HAB (Harmful Algal Bloom ) also called: Red
Tide. ??WHY?
• Because the microbial density is so great
that the water becomes red or pink.
25.
26. • Diatoms of genus Pseudonitzschia Spp
Production of neurotoxins
27. • Caused by Dinoflagellates producing a
neurotoxin cause brevetoxin
AlexandriumSpp
28.
29. • Produced by dinoflagellate called Karina
brevis..
• Killed number of endangered species and
dolphins..
• Direct exposure to this microbe cause
neurological damage to human, including
short-term memory loss.
30.
31. • Not a mixture between salt + fresh water
It is only Salty water.
34. • What are we need to build it?
Mud ( Salt marsh
sediment)
Environment
Shredded newspaper Carbon Source
Calcium Carbonate CO2
Calcium Sulfate Sulfur source
