This document provides testing methods for measuring the mortar-making properties of fine aggregates for concrete. It outlines procedures for making a mortar with a water-cement ratio of 0.6 and fine aggregate, and testing the flow and compressive strength. Mortar is made and tested for flow using a flow table. Specimens are then molded and cured before testing compressive strength at ages of 24 hours and older. The test is intended to assess fine aggregates for use in concrete mixtures.
This document provides testing methods to determine the mechanical properties of aggregates for concrete. It describes the procedure to conduct an aggregate crushing value test, which involves placing a sample of coarse aggregate in a cylinder apparatus and compressing it at a uniform rate to measure its resistance to crushing. The sample is sieved after the test to determine the percentage of fines produced. It also outlines tests for 10% fines value, impact value, abrasion value, polished stone value, and crushing strength. The aim is to assess the quality and durability of aggregates used in concrete.
This document provides the standard method for determining the drying shrinkage of autoclaved cellular concrete products in 3 sentences:
The standard outlines preparing prismatic specimens of autoclaved cellular concrete and fully saturating them in water before taking initial and final length measurements over time as the specimens dry at a controlled temperature and humidity, in order to calculate the drying shrinkage as a percentage change in length. It specifies requirements for the measuring instruments, immersion tank, storage room or humidity chamber, and includes details on specimen dimensions, testing procedures, calculations, and reporting the results.
Optimization MRR Of Stainless Steel 403 In Abrasive Water Jet Machining Using...IJERA Editor
Stainlesssteel 403 is high-alloysteelwith good corrosion resistance and it’svery hard material. Abrasive water jet
is an effective method for machining, cutting and drilling of stainlesssteel 403. In thispaperweoptimize the
metalremoval rate of stainlesssteel 403 in abrasive water jet machining. The MRRisoptimize by
usingthreeparameters water pressure, abrasive flow rate and stand-off distance and L9 orthogonal array of
Taguchimethod use to analyse the result. 9 experimentalrunsbased on L9 orthogonal array of Taguchimethod.
This document outlines test methods for assessing the particle size and shape of aggregates used in concrete from an Indian Standard published in 1963. It includes procedures for sieve analysis to determine particle size distribution, and tests for materials finer than 75 microns, flakiness index, elongation index, and angularity number. The goal is to assist in evaluating the quality of aggregates used in concrete construction in India by testing relevant properties. Maximum sample weights and sieve sizes are provided for different tests.
Introduction on aggregate crushing value apparatusAbhishek Sagar
The principle mechanical properties required in road stones are
Satisfactory resistance to crushing under the roller during construction.
Adequate resistance to surface abrasions under traffic.
Astm designation c 136 for coarse aggregatesMuhammad Ahmad
Sieve Analysis for Coarse Aggregate as per ASTM. Slides contain all the relevant data and steps that would be required for the performance of sieve analysis of coarse aggregates.
This document provides testing methods to determine the mechanical properties of aggregates for concrete. It describes the procedure to conduct an aggregate crushing value test, which involves placing a sample of coarse aggregate in a cylinder apparatus and compressing it at a uniform rate to measure its resistance to crushing. The sample is sieved after the test to determine the percentage of fines produced. It also outlines tests for 10% fines value, impact value, abrasion value, polished stone value, and crushing strength. The aim is to assess the quality and durability of aggregates used in concrete.
This document provides the standard method for determining the drying shrinkage of autoclaved cellular concrete products in 3 sentences:
The standard outlines preparing prismatic specimens of autoclaved cellular concrete and fully saturating them in water before taking initial and final length measurements over time as the specimens dry at a controlled temperature and humidity, in order to calculate the drying shrinkage as a percentage change in length. It specifies requirements for the measuring instruments, immersion tank, storage room or humidity chamber, and includes details on specimen dimensions, testing procedures, calculations, and reporting the results.
Optimization MRR Of Stainless Steel 403 In Abrasive Water Jet Machining Using...IJERA Editor
Stainlesssteel 403 is high-alloysteelwith good corrosion resistance and it’svery hard material. Abrasive water jet
is an effective method for machining, cutting and drilling of stainlesssteel 403. In thispaperweoptimize the
metalremoval rate of stainlesssteel 403 in abrasive water jet machining. The MRRisoptimize by
usingthreeparameters water pressure, abrasive flow rate and stand-off distance and L9 orthogonal array of
Taguchimethod use to analyse the result. 9 experimentalrunsbased on L9 orthogonal array of Taguchimethod.
This document outlines test methods for assessing the particle size and shape of aggregates used in concrete from an Indian Standard published in 1963. It includes procedures for sieve analysis to determine particle size distribution, and tests for materials finer than 75 microns, flakiness index, elongation index, and angularity number. The goal is to assist in evaluating the quality of aggregates used in concrete construction in India by testing relevant properties. Maximum sample weights and sieve sizes are provided for different tests.
Introduction on aggregate crushing value apparatusAbhishek Sagar
The principle mechanical properties required in road stones are
Satisfactory resistance to crushing under the roller during construction.
Adequate resistance to surface abrasions under traffic.
Astm designation c 136 for coarse aggregatesMuhammad Ahmad
Sieve Analysis for Coarse Aggregate as per ASTM. Slides contain all the relevant data and steps that would be required for the performance of sieve analysis of coarse aggregates.
This document discusses modeling abrasive flow machining (AFM) to determine stress levels, depth of indentation, and material removal rate. AFM uses an abrasive particle-filled viscoelastic polymer that is forced through a workpiece to improve its surface finish. The summary is as follows:
(1) Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS software was used to model AFM of mild steel with a convergent-divergent nozzle.
(2) The CFD simulation results provided values for axial stress, radial stress, normal stress, depth of indentation, and material removal rate.
(3) Modeling equations were presented for calculating the normal force on abrasive particles
1. The aggregate impact test determines a material's resistance to sudden shock or impact. Road stones must withstand pounding from traffic.
2. The test involves compacting aggregates between 10-12.5mm in a metal cylinder, subjecting it to 15 blows from a falling hammer, then sieving to determine the percentage passing a 2.36mm sieve.
3. The aggregate impact value is calculated as the percentage, by weight, of fines produced by the impact blows that pass through the 2.36mm sieve. A lower percentage indicates stronger aggregates that better resist impact.
This document outlines a procedure to determine the aggregate impact value (AIV) of road construction aggregates. The AIV test involves compacting a sample of aggregates, subjecting it to 15 blows from a hammer, and calculating the percentage of fines generated that pass through a 2.36mm sieve. An AIV below 10% indicates an aggregate is exceptionally strong for road surfacing, while above 35% is too weak. The summarized experiment found an AIV of 15.82% for a tested sample, indicating it is sufficiently strong.
DCC3113 DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE.YASMINE HASLAN
This document summarizes a laboratory report on determining the aggregate impact value of samples according to Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) standards. The experiment involved subjecting aggregate samples to impact blows using a test machine and sieve. The percentage of fines passing through a 2.36mm sieve was calculated to determine the aggregate impact value. Sample 1 had a 17% impact value and Sample 2 was 15%, both below the JKR requirement of 20%, indicating the aggregates have medium toughness and resistance to crushing. The results show the aggregates met the JKR specifications and the experiment was successfully conducted.
This document describes procedures for three tests to assess the resistance of aggregates to mechanical degradation: the aggregate impact test, ten percent fines test, and aggregate crushing test. The tests involve placing aggregates in standardized molds and applying controlled impacts or loads to measure the amount of fines produced. The results indicate an aggregate's strength and suitability for uses like road bases that subject it to repeated mechanical stresses. Proper testing helps ensure aggregates meet specifications for withstanding wear in paving and quarrying equipment.
Astm designation c 136 for fine aggregatesMuhammad Ahmad
This document describes a test method for determining the particle size distribution of fine aggregates through sieve analysis. The test involves drying a sample, sieving it using a nested set of sieves, weighing the material retained on each sieve, and calculating the percentages passing and retained to obtain the gradation. The results are used to determine compliance with specifications and provide data for controlling aggregate production and mixtures. The method is not applicable to materials finer than 75 microns.
The document summarizes Indian Standard IS-4634:1991, which provides a method for testing the performance of batch-type concrete mixers. The standard describes testing the uniformity of concrete mixes by analyzing the variation in cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate between halves and batches. Concrete mixes use specified proportions, and materials must meet certain standards. Performance is assessed by calculating the percentage variation between sample ingredients, which should not exceed limits of 8% for cement and coarse aggregates, and 6% for fine aggregates.
Introduction on aggregate impact testing machine pptAbhishek Sagar
This document describes an aggregate impact testing machine used to evaluate the toughness and resistance to fracture of road stones under repeated impacts. The machine consists of a metal base, cylindrical metal measure, tamping rod, and IS sieves. To test a sample, aggregates are dried, graded, placed in the measure, and compacted. The hammer is then raised and dropped 15 times from 380mm above the sample. The aggregate impact value is calculated as the percentage of material passing a 2.36mm sieve compared to the original dry weight. This test evaluates how well aggregates can withstand the pounding action of traffic loads on roads.
This manual consists of the Experiments based on Aggregates and Bitumens as both of these are essential materials for the road pavement structure.
The complete prepared by considering the Latest curriculum (2019-2020) of DBATU, Lonere and which will be helpful for the academicians learning in Civil Engineering.
The document describes the Marshall method of determining the optimum binder content for a bituminous mix design. Aggregates and binder are heated and mixed to different binder contents. Specimens are compacted with blows from a hammer and tested for properties like flow value, stability, and density. Graphs are made plotting these properties against the varying binder contents. The optimum binder content is determined as the percentage where the graphs show highest stability and density and lowest flow value.
This document summarizes a thesis investigating the properties of self-compacting concretes made with fly ash and tire waste. The thesis included producing self-compacting rubberized concrete mixtures with different types and amounts of tire rubber. Tests were performed on the fresh and hardened properties of the concretes. Results showed that inclusion of tire rubber generally decreased workability but increased with finer rubber sizes. Hardened properties like strength and fracture energy were also reduced with higher rubber content.
Experiment no 03 Determination of the flakiness and the elongation index for ...Sayed Sajid H.Zidani
This document describes procedures to determine the flakiness and elongation indices of an aggregate sample. The flakiness index is the percentage of particles thinner than 60% of their mean thickness, while elongation index is the percentage longer than 180% of mean length. Test involves sieving samples, measuring with gauges, and calculating indices based on weights. High flakiness or elongation is undesirable for construction as it causes weakness. The sample tested had a flakiness index of 25.88% and elongation index of 27.25%.
The document describes an experiment to determine the aggregate impact value of a given specimen through a standardized test procedure. Three samples were tested by subjecting aggregates retained between 10mm and 12.5mm sieves to 15 blows from a falling hammer. The percentage of material passing a 2.36mm sieve was calculated to determine the aggregate impact value, with average values below 10 considered strong and above 35 too weak for construction. The tested samples had average impact values of 44.13%, indicating suitability for construction applications.
This report describes an experiment to determine the flakiness index of an aggregate sample. The sample was sieved into different size fractions and particles that passed through thickness gauge slots less than 0.6 times their mean sieve size were considered flaky. Based on the mass of flaky particles measured, the flakiness index of the sample was calculated to be 5.6%, which meets the maximum 20% required by JKR standards. While some experimental error occurred, the conclusion is that the sample's flakiness level is acceptable for highway construction if proper compaction is performed to limit voids.
This document describes procedures for determining the Los Angeles abrasion value of aggregates. The test involves placing aggregate samples and steel balls into a rotating steel cylinder. The rotation causes the balls to abrade the aggregate particles. The percentage weight loss of the aggregates after a specified number of rotations is the Los Angeles abrasion value, which indicates the resistance of the aggregates to wear. The test is important because aggregates used in road surfaces need to withstand abrasion from vehicle traffic. The document provides details on the required apparatus, test samples, and step-by-step procedure.
Asphalt mixtures are made up of aggregates, binder and air voids. In order to make a economic and satisfactory performing asphalt mixture the quantity of these individual constituent is required. Mixture design is a tool to determine these optimum quantities.
This document summarizes a laboratory experiment conducted by civil engineering students at MUST to determine the crushing strength of a concrete aggregate sample. The experiment involved:
- Compacting an aggregate sample into a steel cylinder and subjecting it to a gradually increasing load in a compression testing machine according to British Standard 812.
- Sieving the crushed sample and calculating the aggregate crushing value (ACV) as the percentage of sample passing a 2.36mm sieve.
- The sample was found to have an ACV of 14.87%, indicating a "normal" quality aggregate suitable for use in road construction according to the standard.
Detailed working of each equipments, formulas and calculations. Easy to understand. Very helpful for those students who face difficulty in making lab reports
Compliant polishing tools are utilized incomprehensibly as a part of vehicle and aviation businesses to clean complex surfaces and structures. The major advantages of using coated abrasive tools are that they are compliant and their geometry conforms to the surface of the workpiece. Though they have been used for finishing operations for a long time, not much work has been done to understand the effect of compliance on the distribution of forces in the contact area of such tools. Such understanding would help to reduce the trial and error operations involved and thereby reducing rework and cost.
The objectives of this study are as follows:
1) Study the effect of tool (rubber pad and abrasive cloth) compliance on contact pressure distribution and material removal of commonly used compliant polishing tools
2) The tool compliance is in turn studied by conducting material characterization; along with the geometry of the workpiece, other machining parameters are the key variables in this study
3) Design and analyze an active complaint finishing tool
Sieve analysis of coarse and fine aggregate - ReportSarchia Khursheed
1. The document summarizes a sieve analysis test performed on coarse and fine aggregates to determine particle size distribution.
2. Sieve analysis involves sieving aggregate samples using a series of sieves and weighing the material retained on each sieve to determine the percentage passing and retained.
3. The results showed that for coarse aggregate, 18% was retained on the 20mm sieve, 78% on the 10mm sieve, and 4% passed the 5mm sieve. For fine aggregate, 24% was retained on the 4.75mm sieve, and the percentage passing decreased through smaller sieves with 0.11% passing the 150μm sieve.
This document discusses the importance of media literacy education. It provides definitions of media literacy, visual literacy, and transliteracy as the ability to read, write, and interact across various platforms and media. It notes that while media saturated our environment, students are not being equipped with critical thinking skills to navigate it. The document advocates for media literacy instruction across disciplines and calls on educators to acknowledge digital and media literacy as key skills. It explores how to teach media literacy through analyzing images, advertising, and moving images.
This document discusses modeling abrasive flow machining (AFM) to determine stress levels, depth of indentation, and material removal rate. AFM uses an abrasive particle-filled viscoelastic polymer that is forced through a workpiece to improve its surface finish. The summary is as follows:
(1) Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS software was used to model AFM of mild steel with a convergent-divergent nozzle.
(2) The CFD simulation results provided values for axial stress, radial stress, normal stress, depth of indentation, and material removal rate.
(3) Modeling equations were presented for calculating the normal force on abrasive particles
1. The aggregate impact test determines a material's resistance to sudden shock or impact. Road stones must withstand pounding from traffic.
2. The test involves compacting aggregates between 10-12.5mm in a metal cylinder, subjecting it to 15 blows from a falling hammer, then sieving to determine the percentage passing a 2.36mm sieve.
3. The aggregate impact value is calculated as the percentage, by weight, of fines produced by the impact blows that pass through the 2.36mm sieve. A lower percentage indicates stronger aggregates that better resist impact.
This document outlines a procedure to determine the aggregate impact value (AIV) of road construction aggregates. The AIV test involves compacting a sample of aggregates, subjecting it to 15 blows from a hammer, and calculating the percentage of fines generated that pass through a 2.36mm sieve. An AIV below 10% indicates an aggregate is exceptionally strong for road surfacing, while above 35% is too weak. The summarized experiment found an AIV of 15.82% for a tested sample, indicating it is sufficiently strong.
DCC3113 DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE.YASMINE HASLAN
This document summarizes a laboratory report on determining the aggregate impact value of samples according to Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) standards. The experiment involved subjecting aggregate samples to impact blows using a test machine and sieve. The percentage of fines passing through a 2.36mm sieve was calculated to determine the aggregate impact value. Sample 1 had a 17% impact value and Sample 2 was 15%, both below the JKR requirement of 20%, indicating the aggregates have medium toughness and resistance to crushing. The results show the aggregates met the JKR specifications and the experiment was successfully conducted.
This document describes procedures for three tests to assess the resistance of aggregates to mechanical degradation: the aggregate impact test, ten percent fines test, and aggregate crushing test. The tests involve placing aggregates in standardized molds and applying controlled impacts or loads to measure the amount of fines produced. The results indicate an aggregate's strength and suitability for uses like road bases that subject it to repeated mechanical stresses. Proper testing helps ensure aggregates meet specifications for withstanding wear in paving and quarrying equipment.
Astm designation c 136 for fine aggregatesMuhammad Ahmad
This document describes a test method for determining the particle size distribution of fine aggregates through sieve analysis. The test involves drying a sample, sieving it using a nested set of sieves, weighing the material retained on each sieve, and calculating the percentages passing and retained to obtain the gradation. The results are used to determine compliance with specifications and provide data for controlling aggregate production and mixtures. The method is not applicable to materials finer than 75 microns.
The document summarizes Indian Standard IS-4634:1991, which provides a method for testing the performance of batch-type concrete mixers. The standard describes testing the uniformity of concrete mixes by analyzing the variation in cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate between halves and batches. Concrete mixes use specified proportions, and materials must meet certain standards. Performance is assessed by calculating the percentage variation between sample ingredients, which should not exceed limits of 8% for cement and coarse aggregates, and 6% for fine aggregates.
Introduction on aggregate impact testing machine pptAbhishek Sagar
This document describes an aggregate impact testing machine used to evaluate the toughness and resistance to fracture of road stones under repeated impacts. The machine consists of a metal base, cylindrical metal measure, tamping rod, and IS sieves. To test a sample, aggregates are dried, graded, placed in the measure, and compacted. The hammer is then raised and dropped 15 times from 380mm above the sample. The aggregate impact value is calculated as the percentage of material passing a 2.36mm sieve compared to the original dry weight. This test evaluates how well aggregates can withstand the pounding action of traffic loads on roads.
This manual consists of the Experiments based on Aggregates and Bitumens as both of these are essential materials for the road pavement structure.
The complete prepared by considering the Latest curriculum (2019-2020) of DBATU, Lonere and which will be helpful for the academicians learning in Civil Engineering.
The document describes the Marshall method of determining the optimum binder content for a bituminous mix design. Aggregates and binder are heated and mixed to different binder contents. Specimens are compacted with blows from a hammer and tested for properties like flow value, stability, and density. Graphs are made plotting these properties against the varying binder contents. The optimum binder content is determined as the percentage where the graphs show highest stability and density and lowest flow value.
This document summarizes a thesis investigating the properties of self-compacting concretes made with fly ash and tire waste. The thesis included producing self-compacting rubberized concrete mixtures with different types and amounts of tire rubber. Tests were performed on the fresh and hardened properties of the concretes. Results showed that inclusion of tire rubber generally decreased workability but increased with finer rubber sizes. Hardened properties like strength and fracture energy were also reduced with higher rubber content.
Experiment no 03 Determination of the flakiness and the elongation index for ...Sayed Sajid H.Zidani
This document describes procedures to determine the flakiness and elongation indices of an aggregate sample. The flakiness index is the percentage of particles thinner than 60% of their mean thickness, while elongation index is the percentage longer than 180% of mean length. Test involves sieving samples, measuring with gauges, and calculating indices based on weights. High flakiness or elongation is undesirable for construction as it causes weakness. The sample tested had a flakiness index of 25.88% and elongation index of 27.25%.
The document describes an experiment to determine the aggregate impact value of a given specimen through a standardized test procedure. Three samples were tested by subjecting aggregates retained between 10mm and 12.5mm sieves to 15 blows from a falling hammer. The percentage of material passing a 2.36mm sieve was calculated to determine the aggregate impact value, with average values below 10 considered strong and above 35 too weak for construction. The tested samples had average impact values of 44.13%, indicating suitability for construction applications.
This report describes an experiment to determine the flakiness index of an aggregate sample. The sample was sieved into different size fractions and particles that passed through thickness gauge slots less than 0.6 times their mean sieve size were considered flaky. Based on the mass of flaky particles measured, the flakiness index of the sample was calculated to be 5.6%, which meets the maximum 20% required by JKR standards. While some experimental error occurred, the conclusion is that the sample's flakiness level is acceptable for highway construction if proper compaction is performed to limit voids.
This document describes procedures for determining the Los Angeles abrasion value of aggregates. The test involves placing aggregate samples and steel balls into a rotating steel cylinder. The rotation causes the balls to abrade the aggregate particles. The percentage weight loss of the aggregates after a specified number of rotations is the Los Angeles abrasion value, which indicates the resistance of the aggregates to wear. The test is important because aggregates used in road surfaces need to withstand abrasion from vehicle traffic. The document provides details on the required apparatus, test samples, and step-by-step procedure.
Asphalt mixtures are made up of aggregates, binder and air voids. In order to make a economic and satisfactory performing asphalt mixture the quantity of these individual constituent is required. Mixture design is a tool to determine these optimum quantities.
This document summarizes a laboratory experiment conducted by civil engineering students at MUST to determine the crushing strength of a concrete aggregate sample. The experiment involved:
- Compacting an aggregate sample into a steel cylinder and subjecting it to a gradually increasing load in a compression testing machine according to British Standard 812.
- Sieving the crushed sample and calculating the aggregate crushing value (ACV) as the percentage of sample passing a 2.36mm sieve.
- The sample was found to have an ACV of 14.87%, indicating a "normal" quality aggregate suitable for use in road construction according to the standard.
Detailed working of each equipments, formulas and calculations. Easy to understand. Very helpful for those students who face difficulty in making lab reports
Compliant polishing tools are utilized incomprehensibly as a part of vehicle and aviation businesses to clean complex surfaces and structures. The major advantages of using coated abrasive tools are that they are compliant and their geometry conforms to the surface of the workpiece. Though they have been used for finishing operations for a long time, not much work has been done to understand the effect of compliance on the distribution of forces in the contact area of such tools. Such understanding would help to reduce the trial and error operations involved and thereby reducing rework and cost.
The objectives of this study are as follows:
1) Study the effect of tool (rubber pad and abrasive cloth) compliance on contact pressure distribution and material removal of commonly used compliant polishing tools
2) The tool compliance is in turn studied by conducting material characterization; along with the geometry of the workpiece, other machining parameters are the key variables in this study
3) Design and analyze an active complaint finishing tool
Sieve analysis of coarse and fine aggregate - ReportSarchia Khursheed
1. The document summarizes a sieve analysis test performed on coarse and fine aggregates to determine particle size distribution.
2. Sieve analysis involves sieving aggregate samples using a series of sieves and weighing the material retained on each sieve to determine the percentage passing and retained.
3. The results showed that for coarse aggregate, 18% was retained on the 20mm sieve, 78% on the 10mm sieve, and 4% passed the 5mm sieve. For fine aggregate, 24% was retained on the 4.75mm sieve, and the percentage passing decreased through smaller sieves with 0.11% passing the 150μm sieve.
This document discusses the importance of media literacy education. It provides definitions of media literacy, visual literacy, and transliteracy as the ability to read, write, and interact across various platforms and media. It notes that while media saturated our environment, students are not being equipped with critical thinking skills to navigate it. The document advocates for media literacy instruction across disciplines and calls on educators to acknowledge digital and media literacy as key skills. It explores how to teach media literacy through analyzing images, advertising, and moving images.
The WHCRWA is planning for its 2020 conversion milestone which will require bringing surface water from Houston's northeast water purification plant near Lake Houston, a more difficult route than for the 2010 conversion. Engineers are surveying and acquiring easements for a 9-mile water line from the plant and a 30-mile line crossing Harris County. The 2020 conversion will also require 75 miles of distribution lines and expansion of the northeast plant. While construction is years in the future, planning work is underway to meet the 2020 deadline of 70% surface water usage.
The document summarizes a regional analysis of impediments to fair housing choice (RAI) conducted for Southeast Florida. It finds that the top impediments are lack of fair housing education, lending disparities, housing discrimination, shortage of affordable housing, violations of fair housing laws, segregated housing patterns, predatory lending, limited affordable housing funding, restrictive zoning laws, and weaknesses in the housing discrimination complaint process. The analysis examines demographics, segregation, housing, poverty, transportation, the fair housing legal framework, assisted housing, lending patterns, and discrimination complaints to identify these key barriers to fair housing choice in the region.
The document summarizes several water supply projects for the West Harris County Regional Water Authority (WHCRWA). It discusses the Luce Bayou Interbasin Transfer Project, which will transfer up to 320 million gallons per day of Trinity River water. It also outlines plans to expand the Northeast Water Treatment Plant and construct the Second Source Transmission Line, along with related pump stations and distribution lines. The WHCRWA is responsible for approximately 20-26% of the costs for these projects, totaling hundreds of millions of dollars. The presentation provides details on the scope, schedule, and costs for improving the regional water infrastructure through 2025.
This document outlines test methods for determining various properties of aggregates used in concrete from the Indian Standard IS:2386 (Part III) - 1963. It describes 4 methods (I-IV) for determining specific gravity, apparent specific gravity, water absorption and bulk density of aggregates. Method I is for aggregates larger than 10mm, Method II for aggregates between 40mm and 10mm, Method III for aggregates smaller than 10mm. The tests involve weighing samples in and out of water, surface drying, oven drying and calculating properties from weight changes. Reporting of individual and mean test results is recommended.
The document provides details on test methods for determining deleterious materials and organic impurities in aggregates for concrete according to Indian Standard IS: 2386 (Part II) - 1963. It describes test methods for determining the percentage of clay lumps, clay/fine silt/fine dust content using a sedimentation method, light-weight pieces like coal/lignite, soft particles, and organic impurities in aggregates. The tests aim to assess aggregate quality by identifying deleterious materials. The standard specifies procedures, apparatus, sample preparation and size, calculations, and reporting of results for each test.
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the petrographic examination methods for aggregates used in concrete as outlined in the Indian Standard IS: 2386 (Part VIII) - 1963:
The standard describes Method I for routine petrographic examination which involves visually inspecting and segregating coarse and fine aggregate constituents based on petrographic and chemical differences across various sieve sizes. Method II is for detailed investigations and serves as the reference method. Both methods require examination of aggregate fractions by a qualified petrographer to identify coatings, minerals, particle shape and other properties that could impact the quality and durability of concrete.
The document provides specifications for an apparatus used to measure the length change of hardened cement paste, mortar, and concrete. It describes the construction, dimensions, materials, and markings required for a length comparator, which uses a micrometer to measure the change in length of specimens against a reference bar. The length comparator consists of an adjustable frame that holds either a screw or dial micrometer and allows measurement of specimens of different lengths.
This document describes test methods for determining the soundness of aggregates used in concrete. Specifically, it outlines procedures to test resistance to disintegration when aggregates are immersed in saturated solutions of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate. The test involves immersing aggregate samples in the solutions and observing for changes after a specified time period. This provides information about how aggregates may hold up against weathering effects from sulfate salts. The document specifies equipment, reagents, sample sizes and procedures needed to properly conduct the soundness test for both fine and coarse aggregates.
This document outlines testing methods to evaluate bond strength between concrete and reinforcing bars. It describes procedures for pull-out tests using concrete cubes with embedded reinforcing bars. Specimen sizes are based on bar diameters up to 25mm being tested in 150mm cubes, and larger bars in 225mm cubes. Apparatus includes molds, dial micrometers to measure slip, and a testing machine capable of pulling the bar at a specified rate while measuring slip.
This document is the Indian Standard specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for use in concrete. It outlines the requirements and limits for quality parameters like deleterious materials, aggregate crushing value, impact value, abrasion value and soundness. It defines terms related to aggregates and specifies four grading zones for fine aggregates of progressively finer sizes. The standard is intended to cover aggregates commonly available in India for general structural and mass concrete construction.
This document is the Indian Standard specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for use in concrete. It outlines various requirements for aggregates including limits on deleterious materials, aggregate crushing value, impact value, abrasion value, and soundness. It defines terms related to aggregates and specifies four grading zones for fine aggregates of different particle sizes. The standard is intended to ensure aggregates are suitable for producing durable concrete structures.
This document provides the standard test method for evaluating the performance of screed board concrete vibrators by measuring their ability to compact concrete. The test involves vibrating a 180mm thick concrete slab with a vibrator and taking density measurements from cores cut from the slab. If the density from each core is at least 93% of the maximum theoretical density, the vibrator passes the test. This direct measurement of compaction achieved provides a better assessment of a vibrator's quality than indirect measurements of vibration characteristics alone.
This document provides specifications for precast concrete kerbs, channels, edgings, quadrants, and gutter aprons. It outlines materials requirements including cement, aggregates, and concrete strength. It describes standard section dimensions and tolerances. Finish and color can be specified by the purchaser, with natural being default. The document aims to incorporate revisions from updated related standards to align with current Indian precast concrete industry practices.
This document outlines specifications for reinforced concrete dust bins in India, including:
- Dimensions and reinforcement requirements for circular and square bins of various sizes
- Minimum concrete thicknesses and reinforcement based on bin size
- Door, lid, and drainage hole requirements
- Marking information to be included on each bin
The specifications are intended to standardize dust bin construction across municipalities and organizations in India. Precise dimensions, materials, and construction details are provided to guide manufacturers.
This document outlines testing procedures for evaluating the strength, deformation, and cracking of autoclaved cellular concrete flexural members under short duration bending loads. Key points:
- Test specimens should be full-size structural members to be used in construction.
- Members are simply supported and loaded at third points using steel plates to distribute the load evenly.
- Loads, deflections at mid-span, strains, and crack widths are measured.
- Members are loaded until cracking occurs or a prescribed load is reached to evaluate strength, deformation, and cracking behavior under short term bending loads.
This document provides standards for testing the strength of concrete in India. It outlines procedures for making and curing compression test specimens in a laboratory setting, including sampling materials, mixing, compacting, and curing the concrete specimens. It specifies that test specimens should be 150mm cubes or 150mm diameter cylinders for compressive strength testing. The document also references other Indian standards for materials used in concrete like cement, aggregates, and sieves.
This document outlines Indian Standard IS:9013-1978 which establishes a method for making, curing, and testing concrete specimens using accelerated curing techniques. It describes two accelerated curing methods - the warm water method and boiling water method. The standard provides requirements for molds, curing tanks, specimen preparation, curing procedures, and compression testing to allow for early assessment of concrete strength for construction quality control purposes. It seeks to enable evaluation of concrete strength within 24 hours of casting instead of the traditional 28-day testing period.
This document provides the procedure for conducting a bend test on metallic materials. It specifies the test equipment, test pieces, and testing methods. The bend test involves bending a test piece to a specified angle or achieving parallelism of the legs. It can be done using supports and a mandrel, a V-block and mandrel, or a clamp. The test piece dimensions depend on the material thickness and width. The test is generally done at room temperature and the bent piece is examined to evaluate the material's ability to undergo plastic deformation during bending.
This document provides the specification for precast reinforced concrete door and window frames. It outlines the requirements for the shape and dimensions of frames, acceptable materials, manufacturing process, and curing. Frames can be single-piece or assembled from separate vertical and horizontal members. Reinforcement is required and specifications are provided for concrete mix design, aggregates, and curing. Tolerances and options for decorative finishes are also included. The specification is intended to provide guidance for manufacturers and users of precast concrete door and window frames.
This document provides the methods of testing for gypsum plaster, concrete, and products according to the Indian Standard IS: 2542. It outlines 8 sections that describe procedures for measuring dimensions, determining mass, measuring paper surfacing thickness and mass, evaluating transverse strength, compressive strength, water absorption, moisture content, and nail retention of precast reinforced gypsum slabs. The standard aims to assist the developing gypsum industry in India by establishing testing methods for key physical properties of gypsum building materials.
This document provides the methods of testing for determining the normal consistency and setting time of gypsum plaster and concrete. It outlines two methods for determining setting time - one using a Vicat apparatus and the other using a potentiometer. The standard specifies the equipment needed, including a modified Vicat apparatus, consistometer, and Vicat mould. It describes the procedures for conducting tests to determine normal consistency and setting time in accordance with the standard.
This document provides a summary of an Indian standard test method for determining various physical properties of aggregates used in concrete, including specific gravity, density, voids, water absorption, and bulking.
The standard outlines four methods to determine specific gravity and water absorption of aggregates based on aggregate size. It also describes how to determine bulk density, voids, necessary adjustments for bulking of fine aggregates using field methods, and determining surface moisture in fine aggregates in the field.
The purpose is to provide standard test methods to help assess the quality of aggregates for use in concrete by measuring important physical properties. Following standard test procedures helps ensure aggregates are evaluated consistently and appropriately for their intended concrete applications.
This document provides the Indian Standard method for measuring acid resistant lining work in building and civil engineering projects. It outlines the general principles for measurement, including measuring to the nearest 0.01m and squaring off areas to 2 decimal places. It then describes the specific methods for measuring different types of acid resistant lining works, such as floors, drains, tanks with and without capping, rectangular and circular foundations. Curved surfaces, repairs and isolated small areas are to be described and measured separately.
28-5.21 Company Profile of Pyrmaid structural consultant.pptxBoopathi Yoganathan
Pyramid Structural Consultant provides structural design, building approval, and construction services. They have a team of experienced engineers and workers who use software like AutoCAD and STAAD to complete structural designs for RCC and steel buildings. Notable projects include the design of a G+1 residential building in Namakkal. They are located in Puduchatram, Namakkal and can be found on LinkedIn and Facebook.
This document provides a bonafide certificate for a project report on the study of mechanical properties of eco-friendly economic concrete. It certifies that the project was conducted by three students, M.Vineeth, Y.Boopathi, and P.Murali, in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree from Kongu Engineering College. The project investigated replacing natural aggregates with steel slag aggregates and M-sand to produce more sustainable concrete. Tests were conducted to determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity of concrete mixes with varying replacement levels.
The document describes an experimental investigation into the properties of concrete with different replacement percentages of natural aggregates with manufactured sand and steel slag. The methodology involves collecting cement, fine aggregates (natural sand and m-sand), coarse aggregates, and steel slag. The mix design for M20 grade concrete is calculated and concrete specimens are cast. The specimens are cured and then tested to determine their mechanical properties. The results are compared to those of conventional concrete to evaluate the suitability of manufactured sand and steel slag as partial replacements for natural aggregates in concrete.
The document discusses two methods for mesh refinement - the p-method and h-method. The p-method increases the order of the polynomial used in the finite element model, allowing for more accurate results without changing the mesh. The h-method reduces the size of elements to create a finer mesh, better approximating the real solution in areas of high stress gradients. Both methods aim to improve the accuracy of finite element analysis results, with the p-method doing so without requiring changes to the mesh.
This document provides guidance on using epoxy injection to repair cracks in concrete structures. The method involves drilling holes along cracks, injecting epoxy under pressure, and allowing it to seep into the cracks. It can repair cracks as small as 0.002 inches. Epoxy injection requires skilled workers and specialized equipment. While it can effectively repair cracks temporarily, the underlying issues causing the cracks may remain if not addressed.
An embedded system is a dedicated computer system that performs specific tasks. An important application of embedded systems is anti-lock braking systems (ABS) in automobiles. ABS uses sensors and electronic control modules to monitor wheel speed and automatically modulate brake pressure to prevent wheel lockup and maintain steering control during emergency braking. By preventing skidding, ABS can help drivers stop more safely and shorten stopping distances on wet or slippery surfaces compared to standard brakes. ABS works by pulsing the brakes rapidly when it detects a wheel is about to lock up, which allows the wheel to continue turning and maintaining traction with the road.
This document discusses past earthquakes in India and retrofitting techniques for masonry structures. It summarizes the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, which had a magnitude of 9.1-9.3 making it one of the largest ever recorded. Over 230,000 people were killed across 14 countries by the resulting tsunamis. The document then discusses failure modes of confined masonry walls and retrofitting techniques to improve seismic resistance, including adding horizontal reinforcement, improving wall density and tie columns. Key factors for seismic resistance of confined masonry structures are also summarized.
The document provides guidelines for selecting, splicing, installing, and protecting open cable ends for resistance-type measuring devices in concrete and masonry dams. It discusses cable specifications, approved splicing methods including vulcanized rubber splices, rubber sleeve covering, and self-bonding tape. It also covers cable and conduit selection, including choosing the proper conduit size based on the number and size of cables to be run. Proper installation techniques are outlined to protect cable runs within concrete structures.
This document provides information on an Indian Standard (IS) for a unified nomenclature of workmen for civil engineering. It was adopted in 1982 by the Indian Standards Institution Construction Management Sectional Committee. The standard aims to unify the different names used for workmen engaged in civil engineering works across India. It then lists the unified nomenclature for various types of workmen and for carts/animals commonly used in civil engineering works.
This document provides details on the design and construction of floors and roofs using precast reinforced or prestressed concrete ribbed or cored slab units. It specifies dimensions for the precast units, including widths up to 3000mm for ribbed units and 2100mm for cored units. It also provides requirements for material strengths, structural design considerations, and loads to be accounted for in design according to other relevant Indian Standards.
This document provides definitions for key terms related to concrete monolith structures used in port and harbour construction. It defines elements like the bottom plug, cutting edge, deck slab, dewatering, fascia wall, filling, kentledge, kerb, and monolith. A monolith is a large hollow rectangular or circular foundation sunk as an open caisson through various soil strata until reaching the desired founding level, at which point the bottom is plugged with concrete.
This document provides the code of practice for the design and construction of conical and hyperbolic paraboloidal shell foundations. It discusses the preliminary design considerations for shell foundations, including determining the soil design to proportion the foundation dimensions based on allowable bearing pressure and net loading intensity, as well as the structural design of the shell. It also provides figures illustrating reinforcement details for conical and hyperbolic paraboloidal shell foundations. The code covers the relevant terminology and information needed for design, and notes the membrane analysis approach is commonly used for structural design of shell foundations.
This document provides guidelines for designing drainage systems for earth and rockfill dams. It discusses key considerations like controlling pore pressures, internal erosion, and piping. The guidelines cover selecting appropriate drainage features based on the dam type and materials. Features discussed include inclined/vertical filters, horizontal filters, longitudinal and cross drains, transition zones, rock toes, and toe drains. Filter material criteria and design procedures are also outlined.
This document provides recommendations for welding cold-worked steel bars used for reinforced concrete construction according to Indian Standard IS 9417. It summarizes the key welding processes that can be used including flash butt welding, shielded metal arc welding, and gas pressure welding. For each process, it outlines preparation of the bars, selection of electrodes, welding procedures, and safety requirements. Diagrams are provided to illustrate edge preparation and sequences for multi-run butt welding and lap welding joints.
This document provides guidelines for lime concrete lining of canals. It discusses materials used for lime concrete lining such as lime, sand, coarse aggregate and water. It also discusses preparation of subgrade for different soil types including expansive soils, rock and earth. Compaction methods are provided for different soil types. The document also discusses laying of concrete lining and provides specifications for lime concrete mix such as minimum compressive and flexural strength.
This document provides guidelines for structural design of cut and cover concrete conduits meant for transporting water. It outlines various installation conditions for underground conduits and describes how to calculate design loads from backfill pressure, internal/external water pressure, and concentrated surface loads. Design loads include vertical and lateral pressure from backfill based on fill material properties, hydrostatic pressure from water surcharge, and dispersed point loads accounting for fill height and conduit geometry. The conduit is to be designed for the most unfavorable combination of these loads. Recommended fill material properties and methods for load and stress analysis are also provided.
This document provides guidelines for installing and observing cross arms to measure internal vertical movement in earth dams. It describes the components of the mechanical cross arm installation including the base extension, cross arm units, spacer sections, and top section. It provides details on installing each component as the dam is constructed in rock-free or rocky soils. Observation involves using a measuring torpedo attached to a steel tape or cable to take settlement readings from the installed cross arm system.
This document provides guidelines for instrumentation of concrete and masonry dams. It outlines obligatory and optional measurements for dams, including uplift pressure, seepage, temperature, and displacement. Obligatory measurements include uplift pressure, seepage, temperature inside the dam, and displacement measurements using plumb lines or other methods. Optional measurements that may provide additional insights include stress, strain, pore pressure, and seismicity measurements. The document describes different types of measurements in detail and how they can be used to monitor dam performance and safety over time.
This document provides guidelines for selecting measurement instruments and their locations for monitoring earth and rockfill dams. It describes various types of measurements needed, including pore pressure, movements, seepage, strains/stresses, and dynamic loads from earthquakes. Planning the instrumentation system is important to ensure required data is obtained during construction and the dam's lifetime. The document discusses different instruments for measuring vertical and horizontal movements, such as surface markers, cross-arm installations, hydraulic devices, magnetic probes, and inclinometers.
This document outlines specifications for concrete finishers used in construction. It specifies requirements for materials, size, construction, capacity, and performance. Key aspects include:
- Concrete finishers are used after spreaders to finish concrete laid by pavers.
- Materials must meet relevant Indian standards. Common sizes are 3-4.5m and 6-7.5m widths.
- Construction includes a steel frame, traction wheels, steering, adjustable screeds, vibrator attachment, drives, controls, and a diesel or petrol power unit.
- Performance requirements ensure the finisher can operate under different conditions to finish concrete slabs within specifications.
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1. IS : 2386 ( Part VI ) - 1983
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST
FOR AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE
PART VI MEASURING MORTAR MAKING PROPERTIES
OF FINE AGGREGATE
( Eighth Reprint APRIL 1997 )
UDC 691.322 : 666.97.620.173
0 Copyright 1963
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
Gr2 October 1963 : i
‘,
( Reaffirmed 1997 )
2. IS:2386(PartvI)-1963
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST.
FOR AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE
PART VI MEASURiNG MORTAR MAKING PROPERTIES
OF-FINE AGGREGATE
Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, BDC 2
Representing
The Concrete Aaeociation of India, Bombay
Sua~ K. V. THADA~EY ( Alternate to
Shri K. K. Xambiar )
SHI~IK. E‘. .Xr~xa M. N. Dasstur 6: Co Private Ltd , CalcutL~r
SH~I 1’. S. BIL~TNAC~AR Bhakra Dam Designs Directorute, Xew Delhi
Dlc 1 c. I)OS lI.PAIS CIJDDOU Central Water & Power Commission ( Ministry of
SIUXIY. K. >IURTHY ( ,hWfUte )
Irrigation & Power )
SHRI N. D. DAFTARY Khira Steel Works Private Ltd , Bombay
YHRI S. G. DEXYAN Cent.ral Public Works Department
SUPERI~TEXDI~~ EsoIwxER,
3D CIR( LE ( Alfernatc )
lh? R. R. HATTIANGADI The Associated Cement Cumpanies Ltd , Bombay
SHR~V. N. PAI ( Alternate )
SHHI I>. C. HAZEA Geological Survey of India, Calcutta
JOIST DIRECTOR STASDAAIJS Rosearch, Designs & Standards Organization
(B&S) ( Ministry of Railways )
ASSISTAST DIRECTOR STAXD-
ARDS ( B & S ) ( Alternute )
SHBI S. B. JOSHI S. B. Joshi & Co Private Ltd , Bombay
SHRI hk!% LAL U. P. Government Cement Factory. Churk
SHRI B. N. !fAJUJrDAR Direct.orate General of Supplies&Disposals ( Minis-
try of Economic & Defence Co-ordination )
SHRI P. L. DAS ( Afternote )
Prop Y R MEHRA. . . Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ). New
Delhi
SHRI ?r'.H. >fOHILE The Concret,e Association of India, Bomb *Y
SHRl s. N. ~lUlcEE.,I Government Test HOUSI8, Calcutta
SHHI K. C. SEX GCPTA ( Alternate )
SHRI ERACH A. NADIR~HAH Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta
8na1 C. B. PATEL National Buildings Orgenisation ( Ministry of
Works, Housing & Rehabilitation )
SHRI HABINDER SrsoIi ( .-fiternate )
PROF G: S. R~id~sw.4~~ Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ).
Roorkee
SHRI K. Srva Pnas~n ( Alfernafe 1
SHRI T. N. S. RAN Gammon India Limited, Bombay
S:HRIS. It. PIX~IEIRO (A/termm i
( Contimted on page 2 )
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
hlANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
3. lS:2%6(PartVI)-1963
( Continued from page 1)
Mew, hers Represennng
REP~W~ENTATIVE Mer.tin Burn Ltd , Calcut,ts,
SHXI NIHAR CHANDRA ROY Dalmia Ccmolit ( Bluxrat ) I,td . Chlwtftl
SECRETARY Ckntml 13onld of Irrigaticlk 8; Power ( Minist,vy of
Irrigation 8;.Power )
&,IG ti. S. SIHoT.4 Enyilleg~-ill-Cllief’s JJIxn(*)l, Arm). Hcadquartcrs
SIIRI R. S. ~ll:~ias~rtu ( Alternate )
DR BH. SUIU+ARAJU Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi
SHRI J. 11. TKEIIAN Roads Vi’ing, Minist vy of ‘I’~lnapoi 1 & Couuuuni-
cations
Extra Assistant Director ( Hltlg ),BIS
Concrete Sulmxnmittec, BDC 2 : 2
Comener
SHIII S. 13.JOSHI S. B. Jo&i $ Co Private Ltd , l3011lliuy
Members
ASSI~TAST DIREC~TOII STaSD- Rosc?nl&, D~!+lS 8.5 Stcrnduldr Orgiulization
ARDS ( B & s ) ( Ministry of I<ailw;kys )
SHRI XI.H. ~kI.iGwAX.4SI Engilleel-ill-chief’s BI.~UIC~I,AI.III~ Headquarters
DI; I. C. DOS 31. PAIS &DDOr; Cc:ltIxl Wilter & Power Colulnission ( Ministry of
Irrigation C Powor )
SI~HI K. PRASAD (fl/tertmte
SHRI T. N. S. R.o Canrmun Indiib Ltd , Rumbsy
SHRI S. R. ~'INIIEIRo (A//crnote )
~UPI:J~ISTENI~INC I~NGINJXH, C’ciitntl Public Vovks Depil~tluokt
2ND‘?lhCLE
SHRI 0. P. CVEI. ( Alternate 1
SHRI J M TRI,x.~N. . , Rot& Wing, Ministry of Tmllspurt C Communica-
tions -
SIIRI R. P. SIKI<A ( Alfernate )
SIKRIH. 1‘. Y.1n Bruithwwite Buru S-Jesson (‘onstruction Co Ltd ,
Calcuttcl
2
4. IS : 2386( Part VI ) - 1963
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST
FOR AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE
PART VI MEASURING MORTAR MAKING PROPERTIES
OF FINE AGGREGATE
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part VI ) was adopted by the Indian Standards
Institution on 13 September 1963, after the draft finalized by the Cement
and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Building
Division Council.
0.2 One of the major contributing factors to the quality of corlcrete is
the qualitv of aggregates used therein. The test methods given in this
standard are intended to assist in assessing the quality of aggregates. In iI
given situation, for a particular aggregate, it ma)’ r.ot be necessary to
pssess all the qualities ancl therefore it is necessary to determine beforehand
the purpose for which a concrete is being used and the qualities of the
aggregate which require to he assessed. Accordingly, the relevant test
methods may be chosen from amongst the various tests covered in this
standard. For the convenience of the users. the test methods are grouped
into the fol!owing eight parts of Indian Standard Methods of Test for
.4ggregates for Concrete ( IS : 2386 - 1963 ):
Part I
Part II
Part III
Part IV
Part V
Part VI
Part VII
Part VIII
Particle Size and Shape
Estimation of Deleterious hlaterials and Organic
Impurities
Specific Gravity, Density, J’oids, Absorption and
Bulking
Mechanical Properties
Soundness _
lfeasrlring Mortar Making Properties of Fine Aggregate
;lkali Aggregate Reactivit!
l’etrographir Examination
0.3 The Sectional Committee responsible for the prrpa~ation of this standard
has taken into consideration the views of the concrete specialists, testing
authorities, consun~crs and technologists and has relnlrd the standard to the
practices followed in this country. Further, the l:crd for international
co-ordination among standards prex.ailing in differ-cnt countries of the world
has also been recognized. These considerations led the Sectional
3
5. ISr23S6(PartVI)-1963
Committee to derive assistance from C 87.- 62T Tentative Method of Test
for Measuring Mortar Making Properties of Fine Aggregate issued by
American Society for Testing and Materials.
0.4 Wherever a reference to any Indian Standard appears in this method, it
shall be taken as a reference to its latest version.
0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expres-
sing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2 - 1960 Rules for Rounding Off Numerical Values ( Revised). The
number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the
same as that of the specified value in this standard.
0.6 This standard is intended chiefly to cover the technical provisions
relating to testing of aggregates for concrete, and it does not include all the
necessary provisions of a contract.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This st.andard ( Part VI ) covers the test procedure for measuring the
mortar-making properties of fine aggregate for concrete by means oi
a compression test on specimens made from a mortar of a plastic consistency
and gauged to a definite water-cement ratio.
2. APPARATUS
2.1 Flow Table and Flow Mould-. These shall conform to the require-
ments specified in 12 of YIS: 1727 - 1960 Methods of Test for Pozzolanic
Materials.
2.2 Tamper T It shall be made of a non-absorptive, non-abrasive material,
such as medium-hard rubber or seasoned oak wood rendered non-absorptive
by immersion for 15 minutes in paraffin at approximately 200°C and shall
have a cross-section of 12.5. x 25 rnnl and a convecient length from 125 to
150 mm. The tamping face of the tamper shall be flat and at right angles
to the length of the tamper.
2.3 Trowel - It shall have a stee! blade 100 to 150 mm in length, with
straight edges.
2.4 Moulds - These shall be 706 cm cube moulds.
2.5 Tamping Rod - It shall be approximately 10 mm in diameter and
100 mm long, with one end rounded to a hemispherical tip 10 mm
dia x approx 300 mm long.
2.6 Testing Machine -
city shall be used.
A compression testing machine of suitable capa-
*Since revised.
4
6. E8:2386(P8rtvx)-1963
j MORTAR
3.1 Place cement and water in quantities that will give a water-cement ratio
of O-6by weight in an appropriate vessel .and permit the cement to absorb
water for one minute. Mix the materials into a smooth paste with a spoon.
Beat into the mixture a known weight of the sample of sand under test that
has been brought to a saturated surface-dry condition. Mix until the
material appears to be of the desired consistency ( flow 100 f 3 ). Continue
the mixing for 30 seconds and make a determination of the flow in
accordance with 4.
4. PROCEDURE
61 Carefully wipe the Row-table top clean and dry, and place the flow
mould at the centre. .Lmmediately after completing the mixing operation,
place a layer of imortar about 25 mm in thickness in the mould and tamp
20 times with the tamper. The tamping pressuxe shall be just sufficient to
insure uniform filling of the mould. Fill the mould with mortar and tam
as specified for the first layer. Cut off the mortar to a plane surface, fluJ 1
with the top of the mould, by drawing the straight edge of a trowel ( held
nearly perpendicular to the mould) with a sawing motion across the top of
the mould. Wipe the table top clean and dry, being especially careful to
remove any water from around the edge of the flow mould. Lift the mould
away from the mortar one minute after completing the mixing operation.
Immediately, drop the table through a height of 12.5 mm ten times in (i
seconds. The flow is the resulting increase in ,average diameter of the
mortar mass, measured on at least four diameters at approximately equal
angles, expressed as a percentage of the original diameter. Should the flow
be too great, return the mortar to the mixing vessel, add additional sand,
and make another determination of the flow. If more than two trials need
be made to obtain a flow of 100 $5, consider the mortar as a trial aiortar,
and prepare test specimens from a new batch. If the mortar is too dry,
discard the batch. Determine the quantity of sand used by subtracting the
weight of the portion ren;aining after mixing from the weight of the initial
Sample.
5. MOULDINC TEST SPECIMENS
5.1 Immediately following completion of the flow test, place the mortar in
7% cm cube moulds in two layers. Rod each layer in place with
25 strokes of the tamping rod.
the moulds .to overflowing.
After the rodding has been completed, fill
Place the specimens in a moist closet for curin .
Three to four hours after moulding, strike off the specimens to a smooa
surf&e. Remove the specimens from ’the moulds .20 to 24 hours &er
mouldmg and 8torc in water until tested.
5
7. ISr2386(PartVI)-1963
5.2 The temperature of the mixing water, moist closet, and storage tank
shall be maintained at 27 5 2°C.
6. TESTING OF SPECIMENS
6.1 Test the specimens for compressive strength as given in 6.1.1to 6.1.3.
6.1.1 Test the specimens immediately after theit removal fro111 the moist
closet in the case of 24-hour specimens, and from stomgc wate: in the case
of all other specimrrls. If more than one specimen at a time is removed
from the moist closet for the 24-1~~~ tests, keep these specimens covered
with a damp cloth until time of testing. If more than one specimen at a
time is removed from the storage water for testing, keep these specimens in
water at a temperature of 27 & 2°C and of sulhcient depth to immerse
completely each specimen until time of testing.
6.1.2 Surface-dry each specimen, and remove auy loose sand grains or
incrustations from the faces that will be in contact with the bearing blocks
of the testing machine. Check these faces by applying a straight edge
(see Note). If th ere is appreciable curvature, grind the face or faces to
plane surfacts or discard the specimen.
NOTF.-Results rnuclr lower than the L-ne strength u-ill be obtained by loading
faces of the specirl~en that ak‘e not truly p!:me surfurca. Thrreforc. it is essential
that. specimen mo~Mn be kept scrupulously vlean, as othelaise large irregultr’rities
in the surfaces will oc~‘ur. Jnstrnmc~~ts foe cleailin g of moulds should always be
softer than the metal iu the moulda to lx-vent WC&V. .LnPahe grinding of specimens
faces is necessary. it cau be aacoq~lishcd best by rubbing the spccimcu on a sheet
of fine emery paper or cloth glued to a !)lane surface, using only a moderate
p~SSU~0. Such grinding is tedious for more thall a few hundredt,hs of a millimeke;
where more than this is found necessary, it is recommended t,hat the specimen
be discarded.
6.x.3 Apply the load to specimen races that were in contact with the true
plane surfaces of the mould. Carefully place the specimen in the testing
machine below the centre of the upper bearing block. Use no cushioning
or bedding materials. An initial loading up to one-half of the expected
maximum load for specimens having expected maximum loads of morerthan
2 500 kg may bc applied at any convenient rate. Adjust the rate of load
application so that the remainder of the load (or the entire load in the case
of expected maximum loads of less than 2 500 kg) is applied, without
interruption, to failure at such a rate that the maximum load will be
reached in not less than 20 nor more than 80 seconds. Make no adjust-
ment in the controls of the testing machine while a specimen is yielding
rapidly immediately before failure.
7. REPORTING OF RESULT
7.1 Report the average crushing strength of not less than three specimens
and also the age of test.
6
8. BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones: 323 0131,323 3375,323 9402
Fax :91 11 3234062,91 11 3239399, 91 11 3239382
Central Laboratory:
Plot No. 20/9, Site IV, Sahibabad industrial Area, Sahibabad 201010
Regknal Offlces:
Telegrams : Manaksanstha
(Common to all Dfficos)
Telephone
0-77 00 32
Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 3237617
‘Eastern : 1114 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 709054 337 86 62
Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43
Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 23 15
tWostem : Manakataya, E9, Behind Mard T&phone Exchange, Andheri (East), 832 92 95
MUMBAI 400093
Branch OffIces::
‘Pushpak’, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 380001
SPeenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur Road,
BANGALORE 560058
5501348
839 49 55
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Kalaikathir Buildings, 670 Avinashi Road, COIMBATORE 641037 21 01 41
Plot No. 43, Sector 16 A, Mathura Road, FARIDABAD 121001 8-28 88 01
Savttri Complex, 116 G.T. Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 a-71 1996
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Seth Bhawan. 2nd floor, Behind Lwla Cinema, Naval Kishore Road, 2389 23
LUCKNOW 226001
NIT Building, _Second floor, Gokulpat Market. NAGPUR 440010 52 51 71
Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 26 23 05
Institution of Engineers (India) Building 1332 Shivaji Nagar. PUNE 411005 32 36 35
T.C. No. 14/l 421. University P. 0. Palayam, THIRUV -PURAM 695034 621 17
*Sales Office is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P.O. Princep Street,
CALCUTTA 700072
tSales WCS is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007
SSales Office is at ‘F’ Block, Unity Building,’ Narashimaraja Square,
BANGALORE 560002
271085
309 65 28
222 39 71
Printed at Slmco Printing Press. Delhi. India
9. AMENDMENT NO. 1 FEBRUARY 1982
TO
IS:2386(Part VI)-1963 METHODSOF TEST FOR
AGGREGATESFOR CONCRETE
Part VI MEASURINGMORTARMAKING PROPERTIES
OF FINE AGGREGATF
Alteration--we-
8.N
[Page 8, cltzusrcr 7 and 7.1 benwnbered as 3 and
- Substitute the following for the existing
clause8 :
'8. RB?ORTIIiGW RESULT
8.1 Calculate the average crushing strength of not
less than three speclmeas containing untreated ssnd.
Similarly calculate the average crushing strength of
the corresponding number of specimens contdning
treated sand. Report the average crushing strength
of specimens containing untreated sand as a percentage
of the average crushing strength of
containingtreated sand.’
the specimens
Addendun--es
(Puge 4, c&uas 1.1) - Add the foUcwlng nev
clauses after 1.1 and renumber the clause8 ‘2 to ‘f’ U
‘3 to 8':
v2. BASIS Pm COMPARISOB
2.1 The fti aggregate shall be ccmparcd in mortar,
as described in this method, tith a sample of the 8ame
aggregate that has been washed in a 3 percent solution
of sodium hydroxide foUoved by thorough rinsing in
vater . The treatment shall be repaated till the
washed material produces a colour lighter thsa that of
10. tti rkndard r~iuti~n dercribed ia 6.2.2 of
IS:2386(F%rtII)-1963'Methodsof t+st for aggregates
for concrete: P8rt XI Estirmstionof deleterious
m&trials and organic,+purlties'.Bovevtr,it shall
be ensuredthatno finesare lostvhilevashingwith
sodiumhydroxide.The vashedaud rinsedaggregate
shllbe checkedvith I,suitableindicatorsuchas
phenolphthaleiaor litmusto assure that all traces
of rodiurhydroxideare removedfromthe aggregate
before king used for mking controlmortar."
Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi
11. AMENDMENT NO. 2 OCTOBER 1991
TO
IS 2386 (Part 6) : 1963 METHODS OF TEST FOR
AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE
PART6 MEASURING MORTAR MAKING PROPERTIES OF FINE
AGGREGATE
( Page 4, clause 2.2 ) - Substitute the following for the existing clause :
2.2 Tamping Bar - The tamping bar shall be made of nor-absorbent, abrasion
resistant, non-brittle material such as a rubber compound having a Shore A
durometer hardness of 80 f 10 or seasoned teak wood rendered non-absorbent
by immersion for 15 minutes in paraffin at approximately 2OO’Cand shall have a
cross-section of 12.5 x 25 mm and a convenient length of 125 to 150 mm. The
tamping face shall be flat and at right angles to the length of the bar.’
(Page 4, &use 2.4 ) - Substitute the following for the existing clause :
“2.4 Moulds - These shall be 50 mm cube moulds and shall conform to the
requirements laid down in IS 10036 : 1982 ‘Specification for moulds for use in
testa of cement and concrete’.”
(Page 5, clause 3.1, Note ) - Delete.
( Page 5, clause 5.1, line 2 ) - Substitute ‘50 mm’ for ‘7.06 cm’.
(CED2)
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