22 6
•
0 likes•280 views
Volcanoes form from pressure forces that push magma and gases from deep underground out to the surface. There are two main types of volcanic eruptions - quiet eruptions produce shield volcanoes through fast moving lava flows, while explosive eruptions result in composite volcanoes and cinder cones through thick, slowly moving magma building pressure. Volcanoes usually form at convergent plate boundaries or at hot spots in the Earth's crust.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Landform creation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Volcano. b.ed modified
Volcanoes form when magma rises up from below the earth's crust and emerges at the surface. A volcano has a vent where magma and molten rock, called lava, escape. The lava accumulates to form a volcanic mountain over time. There are three main types of volcanoes: active volcanoes that frequently erupt like Mount Etna in Italy; dormant volcanoes that were once active but have not erupted recently, though could again, like Mount Vesuvius; and extinct volcanoes that were active in the past but will not erupt again, like Mount Kilimanjaro.
volcanoes
Volcanic eruptions occur when magma rises from the Earth's mantle and crust towards the surface. Magma is less dense than the solid rock around it, causing it to rise. There are different types of volcanic eruptions depending on the viscosity of the magma, ranging from nonexplosive eruptions from shield volcanoes to more explosive eruptions from composite and cinder cone volcanoes. Volcanic activity is commonly found at plate boundaries and hot spots, building new crust at mid-ocean ridges and landforms like island arcs.
Chapter 12-volcanoes
Volcanoes form when magma rises from deep within the Earth and erupts at the surface through openings called vents. As eruptions continue over time, layers of lava and ash build up to form volcanic mountains. There are three main types of volcanoes that occur in different areas: shield volcanoes like those in Hawaii form from gentle eruptions of basaltic lava; cinder cones are formed by explosive eruptions that eject tephra; and composite volcanoes can have both gentle and explosive eruptions of different materials over time. The type of eruption depends on the viscosity of the magma and amount of dissolved gases.
Volcano terms
caldera
cinder cone
dacite
debris avalanche
dike
dome
dome lava fountain
effusive eruption
eruption cloud
eruption size
fault
fissure
fumarole
gas
geyser
hornito
hummock
kipuka
lahar
lapilli
lava
lava cascade
lava channel
lava delta
lava drapery
lava flow
lava fountain
lava fountain dome
lava lake
lava spillway
lava surge
lava tube
limu
littoral cone
maar
magma
mineral
mud volcano
obsidian
pahoehoe
pahoehoe blister
pahoehoe coil
pahoehoe entrail
pahoehoe - ropy
pahoehoe toe
Pele's hair
Pele's tears
phreatic eruption
pillow lava
plinian eruption
pit crater
pumice
pyroclastic flow
reticulite
rhyolite
rift zone
rock
rootless shield
scoria
shield volcano
spatter
spatter cone and rampart
spatter and cinder cone
stratovolcano
Strombolian eruption
tephra
tree mold
tsunami
tumulus
vent
volcanic dome
volcano
volcanic rocks
volcanic gases
Vulcanian eruption
caldera
cinder cone
hornito
maar
mud volcano
shield volcano
spatter cone
stratovolcano
volcanic dome
Volcanoes
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust that erupt gases, ash, and lava. They form when magma, which is less dense than the surrounding rock, is forced toward the surface. Volcanoes occur at divergent and convergent plate boundaries as well as at hot spots due to unusually hot rock rising from the Earth's mantle. The type of eruption and shape of the volcano depends on the composition of the magma, with more silica typically resulting in more explosive eruptions.
Volcanoes
This document discusses volcanoes, including how they form, the different types of volcanoes, and where they are located. It provides details on four main types of volcanoes: cinder cones, composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, and lava domes. Cinder cones are simple structures built from ejected cinders. Composite volcanoes are large symmetrical cones made of layers of material. Shield volcanoes are broad structures composed of fluid lava flows. Lava domes are small, bulbous masses that pile over the vent. Volcanoes can be located both under water and on land.
Volcanoes and eruptions
Volcanoes form at plate boundaries or in hotspots in the mantle not associated with plate boundaries. There are three main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes which have gentle slopes built up from fluid lava flows; cinder cone volcanoes which are steep sided due to explosive eruptions throwing tephra into the air; and composite volcanoes which have layers of both lava and tephra from eruptions that alternate between explosive and nonexplosive. The amount of gas and silica in magma determines the explosiveness of an eruption, with more gas and less silica leading to more violent eruptions as the gas escapes quickly closer to the surface.
volcanic eruptions
1.new terms
2.What is a volcano?
3.How and why do volcanoes erupt?
4.Explosive Eruptions
5.Parts of Volcanoes
6. subduction
7.how are they formed
8.volcanic activity levels
9. types of volcanos
10.SHIELD VOLCANO
11. Mt. Kilauea
12.CINDER CONE VOLCANO
13.COMPOSITE VOLCANO
14.Volcanoes around the world
15.Multiple Eruption volcanoes
made by :RATIKA,Delhi,India
Recommended
Volcano. b.ed modified
Volcanoes form when magma rises up from below the earth's crust and emerges at the surface. A volcano has a vent where magma and molten rock, called lava, escape. The lava accumulates to form a volcanic mountain over time. There are three main types of volcanoes: active volcanoes that frequently erupt like Mount Etna in Italy; dormant volcanoes that were once active but have not erupted recently, though could again, like Mount Vesuvius; and extinct volcanoes that were active in the past but will not erupt again, like Mount Kilimanjaro.
volcanoes
Volcanic eruptions occur when magma rises from the Earth's mantle and crust towards the surface. Magma is less dense than the solid rock around it, causing it to rise. There are different types of volcanic eruptions depending on the viscosity of the magma, ranging from nonexplosive eruptions from shield volcanoes to more explosive eruptions from composite and cinder cone volcanoes. Volcanic activity is commonly found at plate boundaries and hot spots, building new crust at mid-ocean ridges and landforms like island arcs.
Chapter 12-volcanoes
Volcanoes form when magma rises from deep within the Earth and erupts at the surface through openings called vents. As eruptions continue over time, layers of lava and ash build up to form volcanic mountains. There are three main types of volcanoes that occur in different areas: shield volcanoes like those in Hawaii form from gentle eruptions of basaltic lava; cinder cones are formed by explosive eruptions that eject tephra; and composite volcanoes can have both gentle and explosive eruptions of different materials over time. The type of eruption depends on the viscosity of the magma and amount of dissolved gases.
Volcano terms
caldera
cinder cone
dacite
debris avalanche
dike
dome
dome lava fountain
effusive eruption
eruption cloud
eruption size
fault
fissure
fumarole
gas
geyser
hornito
hummock
kipuka
lahar
lapilli
lava
lava cascade
lava channel
lava delta
lava drapery
lava flow
lava fountain
lava fountain dome
lava lake
lava spillway
lava surge
lava tube
limu
littoral cone
maar
magma
mineral
mud volcano
obsidian
pahoehoe
pahoehoe blister
pahoehoe coil
pahoehoe entrail
pahoehoe - ropy
pahoehoe toe
Pele's hair
Pele's tears
phreatic eruption
pillow lava
plinian eruption
pit crater
pumice
pyroclastic flow
reticulite
rhyolite
rift zone
rock
rootless shield
scoria
shield volcano
spatter
spatter cone and rampart
spatter and cinder cone
stratovolcano
Strombolian eruption
tephra
tree mold
tsunami
tumulus
vent
volcanic dome
volcano
volcanic rocks
volcanic gases
Vulcanian eruption
caldera
cinder cone
hornito
maar
mud volcano
shield volcano
spatter cone
stratovolcano
volcanic dome
Volcanoes
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust that erupt gases, ash, and lava. They form when magma, which is less dense than the surrounding rock, is forced toward the surface. Volcanoes occur at divergent and convergent plate boundaries as well as at hot spots due to unusually hot rock rising from the Earth's mantle. The type of eruption and shape of the volcano depends on the composition of the magma, with more silica typically resulting in more explosive eruptions.
Volcanoes
This document discusses volcanoes, including how they form, the different types of volcanoes, and where they are located. It provides details on four main types of volcanoes: cinder cones, composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, and lava domes. Cinder cones are simple structures built from ejected cinders. Composite volcanoes are large symmetrical cones made of layers of material. Shield volcanoes are broad structures composed of fluid lava flows. Lava domes are small, bulbous masses that pile over the vent. Volcanoes can be located both under water and on land.
Volcanoes and eruptions
Volcanoes form at plate boundaries or in hotspots in the mantle not associated with plate boundaries. There are three main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes which have gentle slopes built up from fluid lava flows; cinder cone volcanoes which are steep sided due to explosive eruptions throwing tephra into the air; and composite volcanoes which have layers of both lava and tephra from eruptions that alternate between explosive and nonexplosive. The amount of gas and silica in magma determines the explosiveness of an eruption, with more gas and less silica leading to more violent eruptions as the gas escapes quickly closer to the surface.
volcanic eruptions
1.new terms
2.What is a volcano?
3.How and why do volcanoes erupt?
4.Explosive Eruptions
5.Parts of Volcanoes
6. subduction
7.how are they formed
8.volcanic activity levels
9. types of volcanos
10.SHIELD VOLCANO
11. Mt. Kilauea
12.CINDER CONE VOLCANO
13.COMPOSITE VOLCANO
14.Volcanoes around the world
15.Multiple Eruption volcanoes
made by :RATIKA,Delhi,India
1.4 Volcanoes Tim
Volcanoes form when magma reaches a weak spot in the Earth's surface and erupts. Most volcanoes are located along plate boundaries, especially where plates are converging. When plates converge, one plate slides under the other, magma collects in chambers, and eruptions occur when pressure is high enough. Three-fourths of the world's volcanoes lie along the Pacific Ring of Fire plate boundary. Common types of volcanoes include shield, dome, stratovolcano, and caldera volcanoes. Major volcanic hazards include pyroclastic flows, lahars, ash falls, lava flows, avalanches, blast, and toxic gases. Volcanoes can also provide resources like geothermal
Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics involves the movement of plates that make up the Earth's crust. The plates constantly move due to flowing magma underneath. This causes the plates to move apart from each other through continental drift, collide together to form fold mountains, or slide past each other causing earthquakes and volcanoes. Earthquakes occur when plates slide and release built up pressure. Volcanoes form when plates separate and hot magma rises up and builds upon itself over many eruptions into cone shaped volcanoes. Famous examples include Mt. Etna and Mt. Vesuvius in Italy.
Volcano Notes
This document defines key terms related to volcanism such as magma, lava, and volcanoes. It also describes the three main types of plate boundaries that can cause volcanic activity: convergent boundaries between oceanic and continental plates or two oceanic plates which form subduction zones and volcanic mountain ranges; divergent boundaries like mid-ocean ridges where new crust is formed; and hot spots caused by stationary upwellings of magma not located at a boundary.
Volcanoes powerpoint
Volcanoes form as a result of tectonic plate movement and pressure changes below the earth's surface. When magma breaks through the crust, a volcanic eruption occurs, expelling lava, steam, ash and other materials. Mount Vesuvius is a famous volcano near Naples, Italy that formed over 25,000 years ago. Its last eruption in 1944 caused widespread damage, destroying villages and aircraft at a nearby airfield. Volcanic eruptions are powerful natural events that can have significant effects on the surrounding area.
Volcanoes (teach)
The Earth's crust is made up of large tectonic plates that are cracked and move, with magma from the mantle able to rise up through these cracks. When pressure builds from below, volcanoes erupt as the magma finds a way to escape either through faults between plates or by bursting through weak spots in the crust. Inside volcanoes is a magma chamber where magma collects until pressure is great enough for an eruption to occur, expelling lava, tephra, ash, and gases. The type of eruption depends on the viscosity of the magma and amount of dissolved gases, with more gas and thick magma causing explosive eruptions that blast material high into the air.
Volcanoes fernando biodeluna Geology clil
The document discusses different types of volcanoes including composite volcanoes and shield volcanoes. It provides details on their structures, tectonic environments, rock types, lava temperatures, lava viscosity, and examples. Key terms related to volcanoes are defined such as lava, pumice, bomb, ash, magma, crater, pyroclasts, shield volcano, and lahar.
Ppt volcano 1
Volcanoes are mountains that force hot gas, rocks, ash, and lava through a hole at the top. There are four types of volcanoes: active volcanoes have erupted within the last 10,000 years and may be erupting or dormant; erupting volcanoes are currently having an eruption; dormant volcanoes are active but not currently erupting; and extinct volcanoes have not erupted for at least 10,000 years and are not expected to erupt again.
Geography Chapter 2.3
Tectonic plates move slowly over time, interacting in four main ways: diverging, subducting, converging, and transforming past one another. These interactions cause earthquakes and shape geographic features at plate boundaries like mountain ranges and ocean trenches. Geologists study plate tectonics to understand how these forces continuously reshape the Earth's surface over millions of years through volcanism and seismic activity.
Lava powerpoint
Volcanoes form as a result of plate tectonics where sections of the Earth's crust collide. There are an estimated 550 active volcanoes worldwide that erupt on average 55 times per year. The main types of volcanoes are shield volcanoes, which form broad low mountains from basaltic lava flows, and composite volcanoes, which form steep symmetrical mountains from explosive eruptions of silica-rich lava. When volcanoes erupt they release gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide that can cause air pollution, acid rain and respiratory issues. Ash and lava flows are also hazards that can damage structures, ignite fires and create dangerous driving conditions.
Earthquakes & Volcanoes
The document summarizes information about earthquakes and volcanoes. It describes how earthquakes are caused by movements in the earth's crust and discusses the different types of seismic waves that radiate from earthquake epicenters. It also explains how volcanoes form from magma rising from the earth's interior and erupting as lava. The document classifies different types of volcanoes based on their eruption patterns and compositions.
Information on volcano for school
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust that allow magma, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface. There are three types of volcanoes: active, dormant, and extinct. Magma is molten rock underground, while lava is magma that flows out of a volcano. Ash, cinders, and pumice are other materials emitted from volcanoes. Over half of the world's volcanoes are located on the Ring of Fire around the Pacific Ocean. Volcanic eruptions are caused by the movement of tectonic plates, which squeezes magma up in between. Eruptions can endanger people through lava, tsunamis, earthquakes, and toxic gases
Volcano
Volcanoes form when magma rises from the Earth's mantle and upper mantle and erupts from a vent on the Earth's surface. There are several types of volcanoes that differ in shape and composition based on the type of boundary they are located at and the viscosity of the lava they emit. The largest volcanoes are called supervolcanoes and have the potential to cause catastrophic global consequences when they erupt due to the massive amounts of material they can eject.
Volcano
Volcanism occurs when magma rises through the Earth's crust and reaches the surface. There are three main types of volcanic zones: subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, and hot spots. Subduction zones occur at convergent plate boundaries where an oceanic plate is subducted beneath a continental plate, causing melting that forms volcanic arcs. Mid-ocean ridges form at divergent boundaries where magma rises to create new ocean floor. Hot spots are caused by upwelling magma from deep within the mantle, forming volcanic islands as the plate moves over the spot. The type of lava produced during an eruption depends on its composition and viscosity, and determines the explosiveness of the eruption.
Earths Crust Review
The document describes the structure of the Earth including the inner core, mantle, crust, and outer core. It lists the major tectonic plates and explains several plate tectonic processes including plates moving apart to create new crust, one plate being subducted under another, and plates sliding past one another. It also discusses different types of volcanoes and earthquakes that can occur when plates interact through pressure and movement.
Earthquakes and volcanoes
An earthquake is the shaking or vibration of the surface of the earth, ranging from a slight tremor to a violent shaking capable of damaging buildings. Earthquakes are caused by movements in the earth's crust or upper mantle. The document discusses different types of earthquakes based on their depth and magnitude. It also discusses the Richter and Mercalli scales used to measure earthquake magnitude and intensity. The document then summarizes types of volcanic eruptions ranging from relatively non-explosive eruptions to very explosive eruptions that send ash high into the atmosphere. It also discusses different types of volcanic landforms like cinder cones, composite cones, and shield volcanoes.
What Makes Volcanoes Erupt
Volcanos erupt when tectonic plates collide or move apart, squeezing magma from between the earth's crust and mantle up through the volcano. Magma is made of rock and gases that is forced up through the volcano when the pressure between plates increases.
Volcano Keywords
Hotspots are unusually warm areas deep within the Earth's mantle that can cause volcanic activity. Magma erupts from long cracks called fissures, emitting pyroclastic material like ash, rock, and lava. Pyroclastic flows are moving masses of hot volcanic material, like nueés ardentes which are glowing avalanches of hot ash and gas that can travel over 200 km/hr. The composition of lava determines the shape of the volcano, with acidic lava producing dome shapes and basic lava producing shield shapes. Intrusive structures like sills and dykes form when magma cools underground, while extrusive structures like volcanoes form on the surface. Monitoring tools like tiltmeters examine bulging to predict
Volcanoes 2014
This document provides information about volcanoes through text and images. It defines volcanoes as mountains formed by magma emerging from the Earth's surface. It notes there are currently around 20 active volcanoes erupting and estimates 50-60 erupt per year and 160 per decade. The document discusses different types of volcanic eruptions and lava, as well as components ejected from volcanoes. It examines the composition of magma and how it determines eruption style. Images show examples of different volcano types and eruptions. Hands-on classroom experiments are described to model volcanic processes.
Earth Science 6.3 : Causes of Volcanic Eruptions
Magma forms deep underground due to decreasing pressure and rising temperature, and volcanoes erupt when this magma reaches the surface. Most volcanoes are located along plate boundaries, where tectonic plates are moving apart or colliding. Scientists can predict volcanic eruptions by monitoring earthquake activity, volcanic gas emissions, changes in slope and surface temperature at volcanoes, all of which indicate rising magma.
Intro def matching
This document defines and describes different types of natural disasters: earthquakes cause sudden shaking of the ground, volcanoes are mountains that erupt hot material from within, tsunamis are large sea waves caused by earthquakes or landslides, avalanches involve snow and ice falling down mountains, tornadoes are powerful whirling winds, hailstorms produce balls of ice falling like rain, heatwaves bring extended periods of unusually hot weather, and floods result in water covering dry land.
11 3 acceleration section
Acceleration is defined as a change in an object's speed or direction over a period of time. It can be calculated by taking the change in velocity (final velocity minus initial velocity) divided by the time taken. Acceleration is measured in meters per second squared. Slowing down is considered deceleration or negative acceleration. Constant acceleration results in a steady change in velocity at the same rate over time and is represented by a straight line on a graph where the slope equals the acceleration.
Ch 20 2 Electric Current And Ohm’S Law
Electric current is a continuous flow of electric charge, measured in amps. Direct current flows in one direction while alternating current regularly reverses direction. Conductors easily allow the flow of charges while insulators do not. Resistance opposes the flow of charges and is affected by a material's thickness, length, and temperature. Voltage provides the potential difference necessary for current to flow in a complete circuit including an energy source. According to Ohm's Law, voltage equals the product of current and resistance, or current equals voltage divided by resistance.
More Related Content
What's hot
1.4 Volcanoes Tim
Volcanoes form when magma reaches a weak spot in the Earth's surface and erupts. Most volcanoes are located along plate boundaries, especially where plates are converging. When plates converge, one plate slides under the other, magma collects in chambers, and eruptions occur when pressure is high enough. Three-fourths of the world's volcanoes lie along the Pacific Ring of Fire plate boundary. Common types of volcanoes include shield, dome, stratovolcano, and caldera volcanoes. Major volcanic hazards include pyroclastic flows, lahars, ash falls, lava flows, avalanches, blast, and toxic gases. Volcanoes can also provide resources like geothermal
Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics involves the movement of plates that make up the Earth's crust. The plates constantly move due to flowing magma underneath. This causes the plates to move apart from each other through continental drift, collide together to form fold mountains, or slide past each other causing earthquakes and volcanoes. Earthquakes occur when plates slide and release built up pressure. Volcanoes form when plates separate and hot magma rises up and builds upon itself over many eruptions into cone shaped volcanoes. Famous examples include Mt. Etna and Mt. Vesuvius in Italy.
Volcano Notes
This document defines key terms related to volcanism such as magma, lava, and volcanoes. It also describes the three main types of plate boundaries that can cause volcanic activity: convergent boundaries between oceanic and continental plates or two oceanic plates which form subduction zones and volcanic mountain ranges; divergent boundaries like mid-ocean ridges where new crust is formed; and hot spots caused by stationary upwellings of magma not located at a boundary.
Volcanoes powerpoint
Volcanoes form as a result of tectonic plate movement and pressure changes below the earth's surface. When magma breaks through the crust, a volcanic eruption occurs, expelling lava, steam, ash and other materials. Mount Vesuvius is a famous volcano near Naples, Italy that formed over 25,000 years ago. Its last eruption in 1944 caused widespread damage, destroying villages and aircraft at a nearby airfield. Volcanic eruptions are powerful natural events that can have significant effects on the surrounding area.
Volcanoes (teach)
The Earth's crust is made up of large tectonic plates that are cracked and move, with magma from the mantle able to rise up through these cracks. When pressure builds from below, volcanoes erupt as the magma finds a way to escape either through faults between plates or by bursting through weak spots in the crust. Inside volcanoes is a magma chamber where magma collects until pressure is great enough for an eruption to occur, expelling lava, tephra, ash, and gases. The type of eruption depends on the viscosity of the magma and amount of dissolved gases, with more gas and thick magma causing explosive eruptions that blast material high into the air.
Volcanoes fernando biodeluna Geology clil
The document discusses different types of volcanoes including composite volcanoes and shield volcanoes. It provides details on their structures, tectonic environments, rock types, lava temperatures, lava viscosity, and examples. Key terms related to volcanoes are defined such as lava, pumice, bomb, ash, magma, crater, pyroclasts, shield volcano, and lahar.
Ppt volcano 1
Volcanoes are mountains that force hot gas, rocks, ash, and lava through a hole at the top. There are four types of volcanoes: active volcanoes have erupted within the last 10,000 years and may be erupting or dormant; erupting volcanoes are currently having an eruption; dormant volcanoes are active but not currently erupting; and extinct volcanoes have not erupted for at least 10,000 years and are not expected to erupt again.
Geography Chapter 2.3
Tectonic plates move slowly over time, interacting in four main ways: diverging, subducting, converging, and transforming past one another. These interactions cause earthquakes and shape geographic features at plate boundaries like mountain ranges and ocean trenches. Geologists study plate tectonics to understand how these forces continuously reshape the Earth's surface over millions of years through volcanism and seismic activity.
Lava powerpoint
Volcanoes form as a result of plate tectonics where sections of the Earth's crust collide. There are an estimated 550 active volcanoes worldwide that erupt on average 55 times per year. The main types of volcanoes are shield volcanoes, which form broad low mountains from basaltic lava flows, and composite volcanoes, which form steep symmetrical mountains from explosive eruptions of silica-rich lava. When volcanoes erupt they release gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide that can cause air pollution, acid rain and respiratory issues. Ash and lava flows are also hazards that can damage structures, ignite fires and create dangerous driving conditions.
Earthquakes & Volcanoes
The document summarizes information about earthquakes and volcanoes. It describes how earthquakes are caused by movements in the earth's crust and discusses the different types of seismic waves that radiate from earthquake epicenters. It also explains how volcanoes form from magma rising from the earth's interior and erupting as lava. The document classifies different types of volcanoes based on their eruption patterns and compositions.
Information on volcano for school
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust that allow magma, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface. There are three types of volcanoes: active, dormant, and extinct. Magma is molten rock underground, while lava is magma that flows out of a volcano. Ash, cinders, and pumice are other materials emitted from volcanoes. Over half of the world's volcanoes are located on the Ring of Fire around the Pacific Ocean. Volcanic eruptions are caused by the movement of tectonic plates, which squeezes magma up in between. Eruptions can endanger people through lava, tsunamis, earthquakes, and toxic gases
Volcano
Volcanoes form when magma rises from the Earth's mantle and upper mantle and erupts from a vent on the Earth's surface. There are several types of volcanoes that differ in shape and composition based on the type of boundary they are located at and the viscosity of the lava they emit. The largest volcanoes are called supervolcanoes and have the potential to cause catastrophic global consequences when they erupt due to the massive amounts of material they can eject.
Volcano
Volcanism occurs when magma rises through the Earth's crust and reaches the surface. There are three main types of volcanic zones: subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, and hot spots. Subduction zones occur at convergent plate boundaries where an oceanic plate is subducted beneath a continental plate, causing melting that forms volcanic arcs. Mid-ocean ridges form at divergent boundaries where magma rises to create new ocean floor. Hot spots are caused by upwelling magma from deep within the mantle, forming volcanic islands as the plate moves over the spot. The type of lava produced during an eruption depends on its composition and viscosity, and determines the explosiveness of the eruption.
Earths Crust Review
The document describes the structure of the Earth including the inner core, mantle, crust, and outer core. It lists the major tectonic plates and explains several plate tectonic processes including plates moving apart to create new crust, one plate being subducted under another, and plates sliding past one another. It also discusses different types of volcanoes and earthquakes that can occur when plates interact through pressure and movement.
Earthquakes and volcanoes
An earthquake is the shaking or vibration of the surface of the earth, ranging from a slight tremor to a violent shaking capable of damaging buildings. Earthquakes are caused by movements in the earth's crust or upper mantle. The document discusses different types of earthquakes based on their depth and magnitude. It also discusses the Richter and Mercalli scales used to measure earthquake magnitude and intensity. The document then summarizes types of volcanic eruptions ranging from relatively non-explosive eruptions to very explosive eruptions that send ash high into the atmosphere. It also discusses different types of volcanic landforms like cinder cones, composite cones, and shield volcanoes.
What Makes Volcanoes Erupt
Volcanos erupt when tectonic plates collide or move apart, squeezing magma from between the earth's crust and mantle up through the volcano. Magma is made of rock and gases that is forced up through the volcano when the pressure between plates increases.
Volcano Keywords
Hotspots are unusually warm areas deep within the Earth's mantle that can cause volcanic activity. Magma erupts from long cracks called fissures, emitting pyroclastic material like ash, rock, and lava. Pyroclastic flows are moving masses of hot volcanic material, like nueés ardentes which are glowing avalanches of hot ash and gas that can travel over 200 km/hr. The composition of lava determines the shape of the volcano, with acidic lava producing dome shapes and basic lava producing shield shapes. Intrusive structures like sills and dykes form when magma cools underground, while extrusive structures like volcanoes form on the surface. Monitoring tools like tiltmeters examine bulging to predict
Volcanoes 2014
This document provides information about volcanoes through text and images. It defines volcanoes as mountains formed by magma emerging from the Earth's surface. It notes there are currently around 20 active volcanoes erupting and estimates 50-60 erupt per year and 160 per decade. The document discusses different types of volcanic eruptions and lava, as well as components ejected from volcanoes. It examines the composition of magma and how it determines eruption style. Images show examples of different volcano types and eruptions. Hands-on classroom experiments are described to model volcanic processes.
Earth Science 6.3 : Causes of Volcanic Eruptions
Magma forms deep underground due to decreasing pressure and rising temperature, and volcanoes erupt when this magma reaches the surface. Most volcanoes are located along plate boundaries, where tectonic plates are moving apart or colliding. Scientists can predict volcanic eruptions by monitoring earthquake activity, volcanic gas emissions, changes in slope and surface temperature at volcanoes, all of which indicate rising magma.
Intro def matching
This document defines and describes different types of natural disasters: earthquakes cause sudden shaking of the ground, volcanoes are mountains that erupt hot material from within, tsunamis are large sea waves caused by earthquakes or landslides, avalanches involve snow and ice falling down mountains, tornadoes are powerful whirling winds, hailstorms produce balls of ice falling like rain, heatwaves bring extended periods of unusually hot weather, and floods result in water covering dry land.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
11 3 acceleration section
Acceleration is defined as a change in an object's speed or direction over a period of time. It can be calculated by taking the change in velocity (final velocity minus initial velocity) divided by the time taken. Acceleration is measured in meters per second squared. Slowing down is considered deceleration or negative acceleration. Constant acceleration results in a steady change in velocity at the same rate over time and is represented by a straight line on a graph where the slope equals the acceleration.
Ch 20 2 Electric Current And Ohm’S Law
Electric current is a continuous flow of electric charge, measured in amps. Direct current flows in one direction while alternating current regularly reverses direction. Conductors easily allow the flow of charges while insulators do not. Resistance opposes the flow of charges and is affected by a material's thickness, length, and temperature. Voltage provides the potential difference necessary for current to flow in a complete circuit including an energy source. According to Ohm's Law, voltage equals the product of current and resistance, or current equals voltage divided by resistance.
23-2 Weathering
Erosion is the process that wears down and transports rock and soil, shaping the Earth's surface through forces like weathering, gravity, streams, groundwater, glaciers, wind, and waves. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks through chemical and physical processes, where chemically weathering alters rocks and physical weathering breaks rocks into fragments. Mechanical weathering breaks down rocks through frost wedging as water freezes and expands in cracks, abrasion as rocks scrape against each other, and plant roots prying rocks apart, while chemical weathering uses chemical reactions to break the bonds between minerals in rocks.
3.1 Notes Handouts
Solids have a definite shape and volume, cannot be compressed, and do not change shape to fit their container. Liquids have no definite shape but a definite volume, cannot be compressed but do assume the shape of their container. Gases have no definite shape or volume, can be compressed, and assume the shape of their container. The kinetic theory states that particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion.
1.4 notes
Scientists use various visual formats like tables, line graphs, bar graphs, and circle graphs to organize and present data. Tables relate variables and display values in rows and columns. Line graphs show changes over time or between variables with slope indicating relationships. Bar graphs compare measurements, while circle graphs illustrate proportions of a whole.
14 1 Work And Power
Work is the product of the force applied and the distance an object moves in the direction of the applied force. Power is the rate at which work is done, or the amount of work done per unit of time. It is measured in watts. James Watt defined the unit of horsepower based on the power output of a strong draft horse to provide a useful comparison for his steam engines.
23 5 Oceans
Oceans are comprised of saltwater with varying salinity levels. The continental shelf is a shallow, sloping plain along coastlines that transitions into a continual slope further from shore, cut through in places by trenches. Pressure increases and light/temperature decrease with depth in the ocean, while surface currents are driven by wind patterns and deep currents are caused by density differences in water. Waves erode coastlines through hydraulic action and abrasion, carrying sediment that is deposited to form beaches through longshore drift.
11 3 Acceleration Section
Acceleration is defined as a change in an object's speed or direction over a period of time, which can be calculated using the formula acceleration = change in velocity / time. Acceleration is measured in meters per second squared (m/s^2). Slowing down is also a type of acceleration called deceleration or negative acceleration. Constant acceleration refers to a steady change in velocity where the velocity changes by the same amount each second.
5 3 Notes
1) The document discusses the representative groups on the periodic table including alkali metals, alkali earth metals, boron/carbon/nitrogen/oxygen families, halogens, and noble gases.
2) It explains that valence electrons increase from left to right in the periodic table and that vertical columns or groups have the same number of valence electrons.
3) Key details are provided about the reactivity and common properties of elements in each group.
6 1+2 Ionic And Covalent Bonding
This document summarizes key concepts about valence electrons, electron dot diagrams, ionic bonding, and covalent bonding. Valence electrons are found in the outermost energy level and interact during bonding. Electron dot diagrams represent valence electrons with dots. Ionic bonding occurs through the transfer of valence electrons between metals and nonmetals, resulting in ions with charges. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of valence electrons between nonmetals. Properties of ionic bonds include conductivity, higher melting/boiling points, and crystal formation, while covalent substances are often gases/liquids and nonconductive.
Ch 18 2 electromagnetic spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum includes various types of waves ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Radio waves are used for radio, television, radar, and microwaves, which can be used to cook food. The electromagnetic spectrum also includes infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays, each with their own characteristics and applications such as medicine, agriculture, imaging internal structures, and cancer treatment.
17 3 Behavior Of Waves
Reflection occurs when a wave bounces off a surface it cannot pass through and does not change the wave's speed or frequency but may flip it upside down. Refraction is the bending of a wave as it enters a new medium and occurs because the wave speed changes, with one side moving slower. Diffraction causes a wave to bend around obstacles, with larger wavelengths diffracting more. Interference results from waves combining constructively to make a larger displacement or destructively to make a smaller one. A standing wave appears stationary and has nodes of no displacement and antinodes halfway between nodes.
Ch 26-1 The sun
The document summarizes key aspects of energy from the sun and its atmospheric features. The sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion reactions in its core that convert hydrogen into helium. This outward pressure is balanced by the sun's inward gravitational force, maintaining stability. The sun's atmosphere has three layers - the visible photosphere, the middle chromosphere, and the outer corona containing hot gases that flow out as solar winds. Sunspots, prominences, and solar flares are prominent atmospheric features.
Evolution of a star 26 3
Stars form from dense regions in nebulae where dust and gases heat up and contract to form a protostar with enough mass for nuclear fusion to begin. Most stars will spend around 90% of their life as a main sequence star stably fusing hydrogen into helium. A star's mass determines its place on the main sequence, with smaller, cooler red stars living the longest. Lower mass stars eventually become white dwarfs as their cores grow without outward pressure, while higher mass stars explode as supernovae, leaving behind neutron stars or black holes if the core is massive enough for its surface gravity to trap even light.
Ch 1 1 notes
Science begins with curiosity and uses methods to discover knowledge. It includes natural sciences like physical science, chemistry, physics, earth and space science, as well as life sciences concerning living things. Physical science covers big ideas like space and time, matter and change, forces and motion, and energy.
12 4 Universal Forces Part 1
There are 4 main universal forces: electromagnetic, strong nuclear, weak nuclear, and gravitational. The electromagnetic force acts on charged particles like protons and electrons and is responsible for electric and magnetic forces. The strong nuclear force binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. The weak nuclear force is involved in nuclear decay. The gravitational force acts between all masses and is responsible for keeping planets, stars, and galaxies in orbit.
Ch 18 5 sources of light
There are several sources of light described in the document. Incandescent light bulbs produce light as electrons flow through a heated filament. Fluorescent lights emit light by causing a phosphor to emit photons through a series of collisions that change wavelengths into visible light. Laser light is a beam of coherent light emitted when excited atoms release photons; it maintains a constant intensity. Sodium-vapor lights ionize gas mixtures in a bulb, causing sodium to emit light as electrons move between energy levels upon heating.
Ch 18 1 electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic waves consist of changing electric and magnetic fields that can travel through matter or empty space, transferring energy. They are produced when electric charges vibrate or accelerate and all travel at the same speed in a vacuum, as measured by Michelson. While wavelength and frequency vary inversely, electromagnetic radiation behaves both as waves and particles, with intensity decreasing with distance from the source as photons disperse.
Viewers also liked (18)
Similar to 22 6
Volcanoes2009
Volcanoes form when magma rises from below the Earth's surface and erupts through openings called vents. As magma builds up at the vent, it forms the volcano structure above ground. The main parts of a volcano include the vent, conduit that carries magma from the magma chamber below, and the cone or mountain shape built from erupted material. Volcanic eruptions can be explosive or quiet depending on the magma composition and amount of trapped gases.
Volcano Notes
Volcanoes occur primarily at plate boundaries and above hot spots in the mantle. There are currently around 1,500 active volcanoes worldwide. Volcanoes can be classified based on their structure and eruption type as shield volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, or composite volcanoes. The style of a volcanic eruption depends on factors like the amount of water vapor, trapped gases, and magma composition.
What Are Volcanoes And Why Do They Erupt
Volcanoes form as a result of the Earth releasing its internal heat through the crust. Molten rock from the mantle melts and rises to the surface through the crust, erupting and releasing gases. There are three main types of volcanoes defined by their location - at divergent plate boundaries where plates pull apart, at convergent boundaries where plates collide, and at hot spots in the middle of plates. Volcanoes can erupt explosively or quietly and pose volcanic hazards like pyroclastic flows, gases, and lava.
Volcanoes p.p. --one to use
Volcanoes form when magma rises from below the Earth's surface and erupts through openings called vents. As magma accumulates in underground chambers, it can build up conical mountains at the vents. There are three main types of volcanoes defined by their shape and eruptive behavior: cinder cones are small and steep; shield volcanoes are broad with gentle slopes; and composite volcanoes are tall with alternating layers of ash and lava. Volcanoes can be active, dormant, or extinct depending on their history of recent eruptions.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes form when magma rises from below the Earth's surface and erupts through openings called vents. As magma accumulates at the vent it builds up a mountain-like structure called a volcano. There are three main types of volcanoes defined by their shape and eruption characteristics: shield volcanoes which have broad bases and gentle slopes formed by fluid basaltic lava flows; cinder cone volcanoes which are steep-sided with a small base formed from explosive eruptions of thick sticky lava; and composite or stratovolcanoes which are large mountains formed by alternating explosive and effusive eruptions that build tall layers of ash and lava.
VOLCANOES.ppt..................................
Volcanoes form when magma rises up from below the Earth's surface through weaknesses in the crust called vents. There are three main types of volcanoes defined by their shape and eruptive activity: shield volcanoes which erupt frequently with fluid basalt lava to build broad domes, like those in Hawaii; composite volcanoes like Mt. St. Helens which alternate between explosive and effusive eruptions to form tall and cone-shaped peaks; and cinder cone volcanoes which have short and violent eruptions of ash and cinders building small and steep cones. Volcanic eruptions can range from non-explosive and effusive to highly explosive depending on the viscosity of the mag
Earthquakes
Volcanoes form when magma rises from below the Earth's surface and erupts through openings called vents. There are three main types of volcanoes defined by their shape: cinder cones which are steep-sided and build up from ejected cinders; shield volcanoes which have broad bases and gentle slopes formed from fluid basaltic lava; and composite or stratovolcanoes which are large mountains formed from layers of tephra and lava. Eruptions can be explosive, driven by high gas content and pressure, or nonexplosive, occurring when magma is basaltic and fluid. Volcanoes are active if they have erupted recently, dormant if not currently erupting but with past
Types of Volcanoes
There are three main types of volcanoes that form from different geological processes:
1) Hotspot volcanoes like those in Hawaii form when magma rises from a hotspot in the mantle as a tectonic plate moves over it. Eruptions are less explosive due to fluid magma.
2) Shield volcanoes form at divergent plate boundaries and from hotspots, with low, wide shapes from fluid basaltic magma.
3) Composite volcanoes form at convergent plate boundaries, where one plate subducts under another. They have steep sides due to more viscous magma and explosive eruptions, producing hazards like pyroclastic flows and lahars.
volcanoes.pptx
This document discusses volcanoes. It defines a volcano as a vent through which lava, steam and ashes are expelled from below the earth's surface. It describes the Ring of Fire, a zone around the Pacific Ocean with many volcanoes formed by the collision of tectonic plates. The document outlines different types of volcanoes such as shield, cinder cone and composite volcanoes. It also discusses the causes of volcanic activity and effects such as lava flows, pyroclastic flows, and secondary effects like lahars and landslides.
Tectonic Processes and Landscapes
The document discusses different types of plate boundaries and associated tectonic landscapes. It provides details on convergent, divergent and transform plate boundaries. Convergent boundaries result in ocean trenches, volcanic mountain ranges or fold mountains depending on the type of crust involved. Divergent boundaries form mid-ocean ridges and new sea floor. Transform boundaries involve lateral movement of plates without creation or destruction of crust.
Science 9 Quarter 3; Types of volcano cone shapes.pptx
Volcanoes come in different types based on their shape and formation process. The main types are composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, dome volcanoes, caldera volcanoes, and fissure volcanoes. Composite volcanoes are tall with wide bases and layers of solidified material. Shield volcanoes have low, broad dome shapes due to slow moving lava. Cinder cones are small and steep with loose debris. Dome volcanoes form rounded mounds from thick, slow moving lava. Calderas are large depressions formed when the volcano collapses after an eruption. Fissure volcanoes erupt from cracks without a central vent.
All about Volcanoes
This document defines and describes different types of volcanoes. It begins by explaining that volcanoes form when magma from the mantle reaches the earth's surface through cracks in the crust. It then discusses the stages of volcano formation and types of eruptions. It classifies volcanoes as extinct, dormant, inactive, or active based on current and potential future eruption activity. Specific examples are provided to illustrate different volcano types, including shield volcanoes like Mauna Loa, cinder cones like Paricutin, and composite volcanoes like Mount Fuji. The Philippines and most active volcanoes in the world are also briefly mentioned.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes form at plate boundaries where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. There are three main types of volcanoes based on location: shield volcanoes at divergent boundaries, stratovolcanoes at subduction zones, and hotspots formed by mantle plumes. Volcanoes pose hazards from lava flows, explosions, and ashfall. Classification systems describe volcanoes based on activity levels from dormant to active. Monitoring systems use alert levels and colors to communicate volcanic unrest and eruptions.
Volcanoes- CSEC GEOGRAPHY
Volcanoes form when magma reaches the surface of the Earth. They can be found along plate boundaries where magma is able to reach the surface. There are over 1300 potentially active volcanoes worldwide. Volcanoes have different features like craters, vents, and magma chambers. They also go through life cycle stages of being active, dormant, or extinct. Eruptions can produce different types of lava and ash deposits that build different types of volcanic cones over time. While volcanoes provide fertile soils and minerals, their eruptions can negatively impact the environment through poisonous gases, lava flows, ash falls, pyroclastic flows, and lahars that damage infrastructure and agriculture.
Types of Volcano Revision
There are several types of volcanoes that form in different tectonic settings and produce different lava compositions. Hot spot volcanoes form independently of plate boundaries due to localized hot mantle plumes, creating chains of volcanoes like Hawaii. Dome volcanoes occur at destructive margins and produce rhyolitic or andesitic lava, forming steep-sided mountains. Calderas are formed by the collapse of the central vent and produce a large, circular crater after the magma chamber empties.
Three-Types-of-Volcanoes.ppt
There are three main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, and cinder cone volcanoes. Shield volcanoes have low viscosity lava that flows great distances, building wide mountains. Composite volcanoes have more viscous lava and explosive eruptions due to trapped gases, forming steep cones. Cinder cone volcanoes are short-lived and formed from violent eruptions of gas-rich lava that falls as cinders around the vent. Volcanoes form at plate boundaries due to subduction and spreading, or at hot spots from fixed magma plumes.
Chapter 12 Volcanoes
Volcanoes form at boundaries where tectonic plates meet, such as at divergent boundaries like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge or at convergent boundaries. The type of eruption depends on the composition of the magma and amount of gases; basaltic magma produces quiet eruptions while magma rich in silica or water causes explosive eruptions. The resulting volcano shape is also influenced by the eruption - shield volcanoes form from fluid basalt lava, cinder cones from tephra ejected in explosions, and composite volcanoes feature layers from both eruption types.
Three-Types-of-Volcanoes.ppt
This document describes three main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, and cinder cone volcanoes. Shield volcanoes such as Mauna Loa have fluid basaltic lava that flows great distances, building wide gentle slopes. Composite volcanoes like Mount Fuji have thicker more explosive eruptions from trapped gases, forming alternating layers of ash and lava. Cinder cone volcanoes contain high gas levels that cause short, violent eruptions depositing ash in cone shapes.
Three-Types-of-Volcanoes.ppt
This document describes three main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, and cinder cone volcanoes. Shield volcanoes such as Mauna Loa have fluid basaltic lava that flows great distances, building wide gentle slopes. Composite volcanoes like Mount Fuji have thicker more explosive eruptions from trapped gases, forming alternating layers of ash and lava. Cinder cone volcanoes contain high gas levels that cause short, violent eruptions depositing ash in cone shapes.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes form when magma rises up from below the Earth's surface and erupts through openings called vents. There are several types of volcanoes defined by their shape and eruption characteristics. Shield volcanoes have gentle slopes and erupt runny basalt lava, while composite volcanoes are steep-sided and erupt thicker, stickier magma in more explosive eruptions. Cinder cones erupt small fragments and form small, cone-shaped volcanoes. Lava domes form when thick lava piles up in mounds. Volcanoes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates, which can allow magma to rise up in between the plates. Geysers, which are hot springs
Similar to 22 6 (20)
Science 9 Quarter 3; Types of volcano cone shapes.pptx
Science 9 Quarter 3; Types of volcano cone shapes.pptx
More from robtownsend
24 1 the atmosphere
The atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases that surround the Earth. It protects the Earth from harmful rays from the sun while trapping heat, and provides conditions suitable for life. The atmosphere consists of four main layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere - with decreasing air pressure and density at higher altitudes. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer which absorbs UV rays.
Ch 18 4 colors
White light separates into colors when passing through a prism due to different wavelengths refracting at different angles, called dispersion. An object's color depends on both its composition and the color of light illuminating it. Primary colors are red, green, and blue, which when mixed in different amounts can create all other colors. Secondary colors are cyan, yellow, and magenta, which are combinations of two primary colors. Complimentary colors of light combine to form white light. Primary pigment colors are cyan, yellow, and magenta.
15.1 notes
The document discusses different forms of energy including kinetic energy, which depends on an object's mass and speed, and potential energy, which can be gravitational or elastic. It provides examples of calculating kinetic energy for a flying bird and gravitational potential energy for a diver. The document also categorizes the main forms of energy as mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, electromagnetic, and nuclear, and notes that nuclear power plants use nuclear energy to generate electricity by splitting atoms to heat water and spin turbines.
3.1 notes
The document discusses the differences between solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have a definite shape and volume, do not compress, and do not assume the shape of their container. Liquids have no definite shape but a definite volume, cannot be compressed, and assume the shape of their container. Gases have no definite shape or volume, can be compressed, and assume the shape of their container. The kinetic theory states that particles in all matter are in constant motion and the behavior of gases is due to the fast, random motion of particles which overcome attractive forces between them.
2.2 notes
Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing a substance's composition, and include viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and density. These properties can be used to identify materials, determine which are best for specific uses, and separate mixtures through processes like filtration and distillation.
2.1 notes
This document classifies matter as either pure substances or mixtures. Pure substances are uniform throughout and can be elements, which contain only one type of atom, or compounds, which contain two or more elements joined together. Mixtures are not uniform and can be either heterogeneous, with noticeably different parts, or homogeneous, with evenly distributed parts. Mixtures are further classified as solutions, suspensions, or colloids based on the size of particles in the mixture.
2.2 notes
Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of a substance. Some key physical properties include viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and density. Physical properties can be used to identify materials, determine which are best suited for specific uses, and separate mixtures using techniques like filtration and distillation.
1.2 notes
The document outlines the scientific method which involves making observations, conducting research to form a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through controlled experiments and data collection, drawing a conclusion, and potentially developing a new theory. It also discusses key aspects of the scientific method including forming testable hypotheses with manipulated and responding variables, controlling outside factors, revising hypotheses not supported by evidence, and how scientific laws summarize patterns in nature while theories aim to explain them. Scientific models are also mentioned as tools to visualize complex concepts.
How to make a good graph
To make a good graph, include a title, labels for the axes, and consistent scales. The x-axis should include the independent variable like time, while the y-axis includes the dependent variable measured. Data points can be connected with a smooth curve to show patterns, and less ink allows easier readability. Key details like calculations or uncertainties should be indicated on the graph as needed.
1.3 notes
Scientific notation and SI units are used in measurement to help scientists communicate measurements clearly across countries. The basic SI units include meters, kilograms, seconds, amperes, moles, candelas, and kelvins. Derived units are calculated from the basic units, such as newtons from kilograms and meters/seconds. SI prefixes modify the scale of units, from centi to giga. The precision of calculations is limited by the measurement with the fewest significant figures. Temperature in kelvins is calculated by adding 273 to degrees Celsius.
1.2 notes
The document outlines the scientific method which involves making observations, conducting research to form a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through controlled experiments and data collection, drawing a conclusion, and potentially developing a new theory. It also discusses key aspects of the scientific method including forming testable hypotheses with manipulated and responding variables, controlling outside factors, revising hypotheses not supported by evidence, and how scientific laws summarize patterns in nature while theories aim to explain them and cannot be proven. Scientific models are also mentioned as helping visualize complex concepts.
Ch 26-1 The sun
The document summarizes key aspects of energy from the sun and its atmospheric features. The sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion reactions in its core that convert hydrogen into helium. This outward pressure is balanced by the sun's inward gravitational force, maintaining stability. The sun's atmosphere has three layers - the visible photosphere, the middle chromosphere, and the outer corona containing hot gases that flow out as solar winds. Sunspots, prominences, and solar flares are prominent atmospheric features.
Groups of stars 26.4
Star systems consist of two or more stars held together by gravity, with over half of all stars existing in systems. Star clusters form when stars are born together in the same nebula, allowing their ages to be determined. The three types of star clusters are open clusters, associations, and globular clusters. Galaxies are classified into four main categories: spiral, barred-spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies, which can be distinguished by their shapes, presence of spiral arms, and stages of star formation.
Ch 26 2 characteristics of stars
Stars have common characteristics including size, mass, color, temperature, and brightness. Size ranges from neutron stars the size of a city to supergiant stars 1000 times the size of the sun. Composition is primarily hydrogen and helium. Color indicates surface temperature from red stars at 3,000 K to blue-white stars at 50,000 K. Brightness depends on size, temperature, and distance from Earth. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows the relationship between absolute magnitude and surface temperature for stars.
Ch 24 2
The document discusses the Earth's rotation and revolution and how they cause day/night and seasons. The Earth rotates on its axis over 24 hours, causing day and night. It revolves around the sun over 365.25 days, causing the seasons. The tilt of the Earth's 23.5 degree tilted axis relative to the sun as it orbits results in the sun being closer to the north or south tropic line during different parts of the year, bringing our summer and winter. Solstices occur when the sun is directly overhead the tropic lines, with the longest and shortest days of the year, and equinoxes occur when the sun is directly above the equator.
Ch 24 3 solar energy & wind
The document discusses different sources of renewable energy and atmospheric winds. It explains that solar energy comes from the sun and can be reflected, absorbed by the atmosphere or Earth's surface. Energy is transferred through radiation, convection and conduction. Winds are caused by differences in air pressure and temperature, and include local sea and land breezes as well as global winds like prevailing winds and monsoons, which are large-scale variations of land and sea breezes between seasons.
Weather patterns 24 5
The document discusses different weather phenomena including air masses, fronts, storms, and weather prediction. It defines air masses as large bodies of air with uniform temperature and moisture properties that can cover large portions of continents. Fronts occur at the boundaries between different air masses. Storms include thunderstorms with thunder and lightning, tornadoes, and hurricanes. Weather forecasting uses tools like Doppler radar, weather stations, and computers to analyze data and predict weather patterns and conditions.
23 3 water shapes the land
Water shapes the land through various erosion processes including sediment deposition, water erosion, groundwater erosion, and glacial erosion. Sediment is washed away by streams and rivers and deposited elsewhere, building up landforms like deltas. Groundwater seeps through cracks and pores in rock, dissolving soft stone and leaving behind caves, sinkholes, and stalactites. Glaciers pick up and redistribute sediment as they advance and retreat.
Ch 23-2 Weathering
Erosion is the process that wears down and transports rock and soil, shaping the Earth's surface through forces like streams, glaciers, wind, and waves. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks through chemical and physical processes like acid rain and frost wedging. Mechanical weathering physically breaks rocks through abrasion and plant roots prying rocks apart, while chemical weathering uses chemical reactions to break the bonds between minerals in rocks.
23 5 Oceans
Oceans are composed of saltwater with varying salinity levels. The continental shelf is a shallow, sloping plain along coastlines that transitions into a continual slope further from shore, cut through in places by trenches. Pressure increases and light and temperature decrease with depth in the ocean, while surface currents are driven by wind patterns and deep currents are caused by density differences in water. Waves erode coastlines through hydraulic action and abrasion, carrying sediment that is deposited to form beaches through longshore drift.
More from robtownsend (20)
Recently uploaded
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
Wahiba Chair's Talk at the 2024 Learning Ideas Conference. Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneAdvanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Recently uploaded (20)
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
22 6
- 1. Ch 22-6
- 5. Composite Volcano A volcano that forms from explosive eruptions that produce lava and ash. They are tall and steep, often with second vents
- 7. Mount St. Helens was an explosive eruption
- 8. Cinder cone An explosive ash and cider eruption that results in a small, Steep-sided volcano
- 9. Crater Lake, Or Is an example of a Cinder Cone
- 10. Sheild Volcano A quiet eruption of fast moving lava produces a wide, gently sloping or flat volcano
- 11. Lava Flow in Hawaii
- 13. A convergent plate boundary
- 15. Hawaii is an archipelago.
- 16. Yellowstone is over a hot spot
- 17. The ring of fire