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21 3 central european monarchs clash
1) After a period of turmoil, absolute monarchs ruled Austria and Prussia in Central Europe in the 17th century. 2) Tensions rose between Lutherans and Catholics, leading to a Protestant revolt in Bohemia in 1618 and triggering the Thirty Years' War over religion, land, and power. 3) The Thirty Years' War ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia, which weakened the Hapsburgs, strengthened France, and established Europe as a group of independent states.
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21 3 central european monarchs clash
- 1. Central EuropeanCentral European MonarchsClashMonarchs Clash Chapter 21, Section 3Chapter 21, Section 3
- 2. Section OpenerSection Opener After a period of turmoil, absoluteAfter a period of turmoil, absolute monarchs rule Austria and the Germanicmonarchs rule Austria and the Germanic state of Prussia.state of Prussia.
- 3. The Thirty Years’WarThe Thirty Years’ War Rising TensionRising Tension – Tension rises between Lutherans andTension rises between Lutherans and Catholics in central EuropeCatholics in central Europe Bohemian Protestants RevoltBohemian Protestants Revolt – In 1618, Protestants revolt against CatholicIn 1618, Protestants revolt against Catholic Hapsburg rulers (Ferdinand II)Hapsburg rulers (Ferdinand II) – Result in Thirty Years’ War—conflict overResult in Thirty Years’ War—conflict over religion, land, powerreligion, land, power
- 4. Thirty Years’ War(continued)Thirty Years’ War (continued) Hapsburg Triumphs (sometimes spelledHapsburg Triumphs (sometimes spelled “Habsburg”)“Habsburg”) – From 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies haveFrom 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies have many victoriesmany victories – Troops plunder many German villagesTroops plunder many German villages
- 5. Ferdinand II,Ferdinand II, HolyRomanHoly Roman EmperorEmperor (1619-1637)(1619-1637)
- 6. House of Habsburgcoat of armsHouse of Habsburg coat of arms at their heightat their height
- 7. Austrian Hapsburg CoatofAustrian Hapsburg Coat of ArmsArms
- 9. Current Flag &Coat of Arms of AustriaCurrent Flag & Coat of Arms of Austria civil flag of Austria coat of arms of Austria
- 10. State and WarFlag of AustriaState and War Flag of Austria A combination of the civil flag and the coat of arms of Austria.
- 11. Thirty Years’ War(continued)Thirty Years’ War (continued) Hapsburg DefeatsHapsburg Defeats – In 1630, tide turns in favor of ProtestantsIn 1630, tide turns in favor of Protestants Peace of WestphaliaPeace of Westphalia – War ruins German economy, greatly decreasesWar ruins German economy, greatly decreases populationpopulation – Peace of Westphalia (1648) ends warPeace of Westphalia (1648) ends war – Treaty weakens Hapsburgs, strengthens FranceTreaty weakens Hapsburgs, strengthens France – Treaty introduces idea of negotiating terms of peaceTreaty introduces idea of negotiating terms of peace Beginning of Modern StatesBeginning of Modern States – Treaty recognizes Europe as group of independentTreaty recognizes Europe as group of independent statesstates
- 12. States Form inCentral EuropeStates Form in Central Europe Economic Contrasts with the WestEconomic Contrasts with the West – Economy in central Europe still based in serfsEconomy in central Europe still based in serfs and agriculture.and agriculture. Several Weak EmpiresSeveral Weak Empires – Landowning nobles in central Europe BlockLandowning nobles in central Europe Block growth of kings’ power.growth of kings’ power. – Ottoman and Holy Roman Empires are alsoOttoman and Holy Roman Empires are also weak.weak.
- 13. Austria GrowsStrongerAustria Grows Stronger – Hapsburgs in Austria take more lands, ruleHapsburgs in Austria take more lands, rule large empirelarge empire Maria Theresa Inherits the AustrianMaria Theresa Inherits the Austrian ThroneThrone – Maria Theresa becomes empress of AustriaMaria Theresa becomes empress of Austria and faces years of war.and faces years of war.
- 14. The Pragmatic SanctionThePragmatic Sanction This document, The Pragmatic Sanction, declared that Maria Theresa would inherit the Austrian throne.
- 15.
- 16. Prussia Challenges AustriaPrussiaChallenges Austria The Rise of PrussiaThe Rise of Prussia – Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia build Europe’s bestHohenzollern rulers of Prussia build Europe’s best armyarmy – They call themselves kings and become absoluteThey call themselves kings and become absolute monarchs.monarchs. – Nobles resist royal power, but king buys loyalty.Nobles resist royal power, but king buys loyalty. Frederick the GreatFrederick the Great – Frederick the Great becomes king of PrussiaFrederick the Great becomes king of Prussia – Enforces father’s military policies but softens some ofEnforces father’s military policies but softens some of his laws.his laws.
- 17. Frederick IIFrederick II (TheGreat)(The Great) of Prussia.of Prussia. He wasHe was nicknamednicknamed “Old Fritz”.“Old Fritz”.
- 18. Prussia Challenges AustriaPrussiaChallenges Austria War of Austrian SuccessionWar of Austrian Succession – In 1740, Frederick starts war against AustriaIn 1740, Frederick starts war against Austria to gain Silesia.to gain Silesia. – Maria Theresa resists Prussian power butMaria Theresa resists Prussian power but loses Silesia in treaty.loses Silesia in treaty. – As a result of the war, Prussia becomes aAs a result of the war, Prussia becomes a major power in Europe.major power in Europe.
- 19. Prussia Challenges AustriaPrussiaChallenges Austria The Seven Years’ WarThe Seven Years’ War – Austria allies with France against Britain andAustria allies with France against Britain and PrussiaPrussia – In 1756, Frederick attacks Saxony, launchingIn 1756, Frederick attacks Saxony, launching Seven Years’ War.Seven Years’ War. – France loses colonies in North America,France loses colonies in North America, Britain gains India.Britain gains India.