This document describes the WiMarC system, a wireless sensor network for smart farm management and remote control. The WiMarC system uses various sensors to collect environmental data like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity. This digitalized sensor data along with crop requirements and weather data can be used for irrigation modeling, pest prediction, and yield prediction through artificial intelligence and analytics. The system aims to provide reliable, low-cost automation and remote monitoring for open fields and greenhouses. Future work may explore network optimization, security, sensor-based in-plant measurements, and integrating more artificial intelligence for an "AI farm".

1. email : opas.trithaveeak@nectec.or.th
Opas Trithaveesak
IoT-Hardware
Open-Platform Wi
MaRC System
Wireless Sensor Network for
Management and
remote
Control
for Smart Farm

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WiMarC System based Technology
Internet of
Things IoTAutomation
Sensor
Technology
WiMarC
System
Digitalized
Knowledge

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Digitalized Agricultural Knowledge
Time
Data
Sensors
Human
Knowledge
- Temperature SensorTemperature Sensor
- Humidity SensorHumidity Sensor
- Soil Moisture SensorSoil Moisture Sensor
- Light Intensity SensorLight Intensity Sensor
- Pressure SensorPressure Sensor
- Gas SensorGas Sensor
AIAnalytic

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DigitalizedDigitalized
Crop requirementCrop requirement
WeatherWeather
-Irrigation model-Irrigation model
-Pest prediction-Pest prediction

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DigitalizedDigitalized
Crop requirementCrop requirement
WeatherWeather
-Irrigation model-Irrigation model
-Pest prediction-Pest prediction
WiMarCWiMarC
AIAI

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Sensors for Agricultural ResearchSensors for Agricultural Research
-- Temp&Humid SensorTemp&Humid Sensor
-- Soil Moisture SensorSoil Moisture Sensor
-Light Intensity SensorLight Intensity Sensor
-Pressure SensorPressure Sensor
-CO2 Gas SensorCO2 Gas Sensor
-Conductivity SesorConductivity Sesor
-pH SensorpH Sensor

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Temp&Humidity SensorTemp&Humidity Sensor
- Crop requirement: Max, Min, Ave- Crop requirement: Max, Min, Ave
-PestPest PredictionPrediction
ApplicationApplication

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Temp&Humidity Sensor NetworkTemp&Humidity Sensor Network
- Temperature Distribution- Temperature Distribution
-Temp Control DesignTemp Control Design
ApplicationApplication

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Light Intensity SensorLight Intensity Sensor
- Crop requirement- Crop requirement
-Shadow Light IntensityShadow Light Intensity
->Density of Leaves->Density of Leaves
ApplicationApplication

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Soil Moisture SensorSoil Moisture Sensor
- Crop requirementCrop requirement
- Evaporation RateEvaporation Rate
- Irrigation ControlIrrigation Control
ApplicationApplication
Evaporation

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Pressure SensorsPressure Sensors
- Irrigation ControlIrrigation Control
ApplicationApplication

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WiMarC System
Data
Acquisition
Board
Mini online
Computer
Raspberry Pi
RS232
Sensors
Analog
Output :
0-5V
Cloud
Server
PIC Microchip
ARDUINO
Sensors
Analog
Output :
4-20mA
Sensors
Digital
output
RF receiver
Gateway

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Design ConceptDesign Concept
- High Reliability(7/24)High Reliability(7/24)
- OTA (over the air) updateOTA (over the air) update
- Low Investment CostLow Investment Cost
(from 10k-100k Baht)(from 10k-100k Baht)
- Low Operation Cost (lessLow Operation Cost (less
than 1000 Baht/year)than 1000 Baht/year)
- Low Maintenance (onceLow Maintenance (once
per year)per year)
- Self developmentSelf development
Handshake,Handshake,
Load BalanceLoad Balance
Online bufferOnline buffer
Open sourceOpen source
Hardware &Hardware &
SoftwareSoftware
Open sourceOpen source
HardwareHardware
Low online trafficLow online traffic
Open sourceOpen source
softwaresoftware

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Wireless Sensor Network
Sensor IISensor II
Sensor ISensor I
Sensor IIISensor III

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Master NodeMaster Node
Data
Acquisition
Board
Gateway

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Client NodeClient Node

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Wireless Sensor Network
Sensor IISensor II
Sensor ISensor I
Sensor IIISensor III

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Wireless Sensor Network

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Master Node Open Field Installation

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Client Node Open Field Installation

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Open Field System

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Master Node Greenhouse Installation

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Client Node Greenhouse Installation

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Greenhouse System

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DigitalizedDigitalized
Crop requirementCrop requirement
WeatherWeather
-Irrigation model-Irrigation model
-Pest prediction-Pest prediction
WiMarCWiMarC
AIAI

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Pump-valve Remote-Control
Bot I (pump)Bot I (pump)
Sensor ISensor I
Sensor IISensor II
Sensor IIISensor III
Bot II(valve)Bot II(valve)

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-weather forecast?-weather forecast?
-water requirement ?-water requirement ?
-Temperature-Temperature
-Air Humidity-Air Humidity
-Ambient-Ambient
LightLight
-Soil Moisture-Soil Moisture
ContentContent
-T >30C-T >30C
-Hum<60%-Hum<60%
-Light > 20kLux-Light > 20kLux
-Soil Moisture Content <70%-Soil Moisture Content <70%

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Pump-valve Remote-Control via Cloud
Bot I (pump)Bot I (pump)
Sensor ISensor I
Sensor IISensor II
Sensor IIISensor III
Bot II(valve)Bot II(valve)
High Network TrafficHigh Network Traffic

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Pump-valve Remote-Control via Local Network
Bot I (pump)Bot I (pump)
Sensor ISensor I
Sensor IISensor II
Sensor IIISensor III
Bot II(valve)Bot II(valve)
Sensor ISensor I
Edge ComputingEdge Computing

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DigitalizedDigitalized
Crop requirementCrop requirement
WeatherWeather
-Irrigation model-Irrigation model
-Pest prediction-Pest prediction

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Case Study : Crop Requirement

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Melon: 2/10/18-08/12/18Melon: 2/10/18-08/12/18

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Growth RateGrowth Rate

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Temp&HumidTemp&Humid
TopTop
BB
MiddleMiddle

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TemperatureTemperature
TopTop
BB
MiddleMiddle

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Light IntensityLight Intensity

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Melon Crop RequirementMelon Crop Requirement
65 days65 days
Temp: 22-30 CTemp: 22-30 C
Humid: 60-90%RHHumid: 60-90%RH
Light: 20-30kLuxLight: 20-30kLux
Soil Moisture: > 70%Soil Moisture: > 70%

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Product=?Product=?
Yield PredictionYield Prediction
Temp: 22-30 CTemp: 22-30 C
Humid: 60-90%RHHumid: 60-90%RH
Light: 20-30kLuxLight: 20-30kLux
Soil Moisture: > 70%Soil Moisture: > 70%

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Predictive PestPredictive Pest
Pest RiskPest Risk
PredictionPrediction

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Future Work --Big Data-AI Farm

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Future works –Hardware Platform
-Network-Network
load balanceload balance
-Network security-Network security
-AI-automation-AI-automation

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Future works --Sensors for AgricultureFuture works --Sensors for Agriculture
-In-Plant Measurement-In-Plant Measurement
Sap Flow MonitoringSap Flow Monitoring
withwith
Micro SensorsMicro Sensors
EC measurementEC measurement
Infrared Absorption measurementInfrared Absorption measurement
Temperature measurementTemperature measurement

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opas.trithaveesak@nectec.or.th
T h a n K s