The Next Generation Multimode Fiber: Wide Bandwidth MMFLizGoldsmith
Learn about Wide Band Multimode Fiber (WBMMF) -- the application drivers, multiplexing technology, parallel fiber transmission, and Short Wavelength Wave Division Multiplexing. This presentation will also review the cabling evolution roadmap and the WBMMF specification framework.
Optical fiber is a flexible transparent fiber made of high quality glass or plastic that transmits light between two ends. It functions as a waveguide or light pipe. Optical fibers are widely used for fiber-optic communications due to their ability to transmit signals over longer distances and higher bandwidths compared to metal wires. They are also immune to electromagnetic interference. Optical fiber consists of a light-carrying core surrounded by a cladding that traps light through total internal reflection. Common uses include telecommunications and computer networking where they can carry multiple independent channels using different wavelengths of light.
Optical fibers transmit light between two ends and are used for fiber optic communication. They are made of glass or plastic and have a core surrounded by cladding that reflects light down the core using total internal reflection. Optical fibers have advantages over metal wires for communication including higher bandwidth, less signal loss over long distances, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Common uses include telecommunications, local area networks, cable TV, and sensors.
This document discusses various applications of fiber optic cable networks including:
1. Fiber To The Home networks which provide voice, video, and data services over a single fiber using different wavelengths of light. Popular FTTH network types include BPON, EPON, and GPON.
2. Metropolitan telecom networks which connect local area networks across a region and require high-speed connections best provided by fiber optic cables.
3. Long distance telecom networks which transmit telephone, internet, and television signals between cities using a backbone of fiber optic cables laid underground and underwater.
This document provides an overview of optic fibre cables including:
- What optic fibre cables are and their advantages over copper cables such as higher bandwidth and immunity to electromagnetic interference.
- The various types of optic fibre cables like single mode, multi-mode, and plastic optic fibres and their applications.
- The specifications and construction of optic fibre cables.
- Methods of installing optic fibre cables including pulling cables through ducts and the blowing method.
- Future trends and uses such as fibre to the home/building, submarine cables, fibre optic lighting, and applications in vehicles.
Fiber optic communication transmits information signals using light signals through a fiber optic cable, analogous to copper cable transmitting electric signals. Fiber optic works by continuously reflecting light signals through the fiber using total internal reflection. This is achieved by having a high refractive index core surrounded by a lower refractive index cladding. Proper angles ensure total internal reflection keeps light signals contained in the core. Fiber optic cable has advantages over copper including greater bandwidth, longer transmission distances, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and ability to carry more data. The basic components of a fiber optic link include a transmitter, receiver, fiber optic cable, connectors, patch panels, and splicing trays.
This document provides product brochure information for Qianxin High Technology Group's fiber optic cable products, including:
- Descriptions of various cable types for different applications, such as aerial, underground, indoor, ribbon, self-supporting, and drop cables.
- Technical specifications for each cable type including fiber count, loss/dispersion characteristics, mechanical properties, temperature ratings, and structural diagrams.
- Performance details for applications in communication, networking, CATV and other transmission systems.
- The brochure presents fiber optic cable options for different communication needs and environments. Technical specifications are provided for each cable type's construction, characteristics and application performance.
The Next Generation Multimode Fiber: Wide Bandwidth MMFLizGoldsmith
Learn about Wide Band Multimode Fiber (WBMMF) -- the application drivers, multiplexing technology, parallel fiber transmission, and Short Wavelength Wave Division Multiplexing. This presentation will also review the cabling evolution roadmap and the WBMMF specification framework.
Optical fiber is a flexible transparent fiber made of high quality glass or plastic that transmits light between two ends. It functions as a waveguide or light pipe. Optical fibers are widely used for fiber-optic communications due to their ability to transmit signals over longer distances and higher bandwidths compared to metal wires. They are also immune to electromagnetic interference. Optical fiber consists of a light-carrying core surrounded by a cladding that traps light through total internal reflection. Common uses include telecommunications and computer networking where they can carry multiple independent channels using different wavelengths of light.
Optical fibers transmit light between two ends and are used for fiber optic communication. They are made of glass or plastic and have a core surrounded by cladding that reflects light down the core using total internal reflection. Optical fibers have advantages over metal wires for communication including higher bandwidth, less signal loss over long distances, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Common uses include telecommunications, local area networks, cable TV, and sensors.
This document discusses various applications of fiber optic cable networks including:
1. Fiber To The Home networks which provide voice, video, and data services over a single fiber using different wavelengths of light. Popular FTTH network types include BPON, EPON, and GPON.
2. Metropolitan telecom networks which connect local area networks across a region and require high-speed connections best provided by fiber optic cables.
3. Long distance telecom networks which transmit telephone, internet, and television signals between cities using a backbone of fiber optic cables laid underground and underwater.
This document provides an overview of optic fibre cables including:
- What optic fibre cables are and their advantages over copper cables such as higher bandwidth and immunity to electromagnetic interference.
- The various types of optic fibre cables like single mode, multi-mode, and plastic optic fibres and their applications.
- The specifications and construction of optic fibre cables.
- Methods of installing optic fibre cables including pulling cables through ducts and the blowing method.
- Future trends and uses such as fibre to the home/building, submarine cables, fibre optic lighting, and applications in vehicles.
Fiber optic communication transmits information signals using light signals through a fiber optic cable, analogous to copper cable transmitting electric signals. Fiber optic works by continuously reflecting light signals through the fiber using total internal reflection. This is achieved by having a high refractive index core surrounded by a lower refractive index cladding. Proper angles ensure total internal reflection keeps light signals contained in the core. Fiber optic cable has advantages over copper including greater bandwidth, longer transmission distances, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and ability to carry more data. The basic components of a fiber optic link include a transmitter, receiver, fiber optic cable, connectors, patch panels, and splicing trays.
This document provides product brochure information for Qianxin High Technology Group's fiber optic cable products, including:
- Descriptions of various cable types for different applications, such as aerial, underground, indoor, ribbon, self-supporting, and drop cables.
- Technical specifications for each cable type including fiber count, loss/dispersion characteristics, mechanical properties, temperature ratings, and structural diagrams.
- Performance details for applications in communication, networking, CATV and other transmission systems.
- The brochure presents fiber optic cable options for different communication needs and environments. Technical specifications are provided for each cable type's construction, characteristics and application performance.
This document discusses different types of optical fibers used in fiber optic cables. It describes three main types: multimode step-index fibers, multimode graded-index fibers, and single-mode fibers. It also discusses cable construction types like tight buffer tube cables and loose buffer tube cables. Popular fiber optic cable types for indoor and outdoor use are described, including simplex, duplex, loose tube, aerial/self-supporting, and direct-buried armored cables. The document provides details on fiber and cable characteristics to understand their applications.
it's gives the full description about satellite . it's provide the knowledge about wireless communication.and it's gives the comparison between oft and satellite.ti's gives the basic knowledge about optical fibre
An optical fiber cable contains one or more optical fibers that carry light pulses instead of electrical signals. The fibers are coated in plastic and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment. Different cable types are used for long distance telecommunications or connecting parts of a building. Cables consist of glass cores and claddings, protective coatings, strength members, and outer jackets. Fiber optic cables are used by businesses, governments, and industries to transmit voice, video, and data over long distances and within networks and devices.
Fiber optics technology uses thin glass fibers to carry signals in the form of light over long distances. Optical fibers have a core that light travels through surrounded by cladding. They transmit data using total internal reflection. Fiber optics development accelerated in the 1980s when it became the backbone of long-distance phone networks due to its thinness, low cost, high bandwidth, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. Optical fibers are now widely used for telecommunications, local networks, cable TV, and other applications.
The document provides details about an engineering team consisting of 4 members and their roles. It then outlines the steps required to prepare, connect, insert fibers, crimp connectors, cure epoxy, clean, polish and inspect fiber optic connections.
Fiber optic connectors have been around for many years, nearly since the creation of optical fiber itself. A key component of optical fiber is its ability to transmit light signals over long distances without attenuation, in other words without light lost along the optical path. There are many types of connectors to choose from as well as methods to connectorize fiber cables.
How to Choose Fiber Optic Cable
1. Firstly, what is the technology requirement that needs to be linked by the fiber cabling?
2. Secondly, what is the desired transmission speed?
3. Specifically, how far is the distance between the transmitting and receiving equipment?
4. In particular, is the route exclusively internal or involve external runs outside of the building?
5. Furthermore if external, is there potential damaged problems such as rodents, damaged form outside machinery?
6. Finally, what is your budget?
This document discusses optical fiber communication and fiber cable repairing. It describes the tools and equipment used for fiber splicing including a splicer, bolt cutters, scissors, and cleaver. The document outlines the types of splicing including mechanical splicing using epoxy resin or V-grooves and fusion splicing using micro-plasma burners. Fusion splicing allows for very low insertion loss compared to mechanical splicing. Potential splicing losses and manufacturers of splicing machines are also mentioned.
Fiber optic cable and its types including patchcables and connector typesAbhishekGarg269
in this slide i have discussed about fiber cable and its connector (LC,SC,ST) . i am sure after read this slide you have a deep knowledge of fiber optics and all of your doubts will resolve
This document summarizes Umang Bhatia's summer training experience learning about optical fiber communication used in Indian Railways. It provides an overview of optical fiber types including single mode and multi-mode fibers. It also describes how optical fibers transmit data via total internal reflection and discusses pulse code modulation and time division multiplexing used in optical communication systems. The document compares advantages of optical fiber to other transmission mediums and areas where optical fiber is commonly used.
This document discusses optical fiber communication. It provides a brief history of optical fibers, describing early experiments in the 1870s. It explains the basic components and construction of optical fibers, which use total internal reflection to transmit light signals through a glass core. Applications include cable TV, data transmission, and cellular networks. Advantages are high bandwidth, low signal degradation, and small size. Future uses may include automotive entertainment and connectivity.
optical fiber communications give a way to communicate with our daily life basis.here is a sort of applications of fiber optic in our different field.so i am actually gonna give a sort of different applications of fiber optics
Ethernet has evolved from using coaxial cable to a star topology using hubs and switches connected by UTP cable or fiber optics. FDDI was the first standard developed for high-speed local area networks using fiber optics in a dual counter-rotating ring topology. IBM's ESCON network connected mainframe peripherals in a switched star architecture using fiber optics, starting at 4.5 MB/sec and increasing to 10 MB/sec. Today most large networks use fiber optics in the backbone and UTP cabling at the desktop, allowing speeds up to 100 Mbps to individual devices. Fiber optics is also used in cellular networks, wireless LANs, utility grids, security systems, building management, industrial process control,
Fiber optic cable is one of the fastest-growing transmission mediums for both new cabling installations and upgrades, including backbone, horizontal, and even desktop applications.
Measuring Fiber / Merenja na optičkim vlaknimaNemanja Radić
1. Fiber optic networks are constantly increasing in speed and capacity to meet new application demands like interactive video.
2. Standards like ANSI/TIA-568-C set allowable loss limits for fiber optic links based on factors like cable length, number of splices and adapters.
3. Proper cleaning, inspection and testing of fiber optic connections and links is important to ensure low loss and good performance. A visual fault locator can be used to check basic connectivity but more advanced testing may be required.
Project Report on Optical Fiber Cables and Systems (MTNL Mumbai)Pradeep Singh
This document provides a summary of a project report on optical fiber cables and systems used by MTNL Mumbai. It discusses the basic optical fiber transmission system including digital distribution frames, multiplexers, optical line terminating units, and repeaters. It also covers topics like Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), digital transmission hierarchies including Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), data circuits, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM), and the construction, maintenance and fault detection of optical fiber cables. Network elements of SDH like terminal multiplexers, add/drop multiplexers, and digital cross-connects are also described.
This document provides information on fiber optic communication systems. It discusses the structure of optical fibers, how total internal reflection works, different fiber types and modes. It also covers fiber optic data transmission, terminology, components of communication systems, advantages and disadvantages, maintenance procedures like splicing and termination. Different network topologies like bus, star and ring are explained. The document concludes with applications of fiber optics in aircraft systems.
Fiber optics measurement Technique by mitesh kumarMitesh Kumar
The document discusses fiber optic measurement techniques, including using an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) to measure fiber attenuation and locate faults by launching light pulses and measuring backscatter, as well as using a power meter to directly measure signal loss in a link by comparing readings with and without the device under test. Proper procedures are outlined for ensuring accurate OTDR and power meter readings, and other fiber optic measurement tools like those made by EXFO are presented for evaluating chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion.
[1] O documento discute a puberdade normal e precoce em mulheres, incluindo seus sinais clínicos e critérios de diagnóstico.
[2] A puberdade normal começa entre 8-13 anos e envolve o desenvolvimento dos seios, pelos pubianos e a primeira menstruação.
[3] A puberdade precoce ocorre antes dos 8 anos e pode ser central ou periférica, sendo diagnosticada clinicamente e confirmada por exames hormonais e de imagem quando necessário.
This document discusses different types of optical fibers used in fiber optic cables. It describes three main types: multimode step-index fibers, multimode graded-index fibers, and single-mode fibers. It also discusses cable construction types like tight buffer tube cables and loose buffer tube cables. Popular fiber optic cable types for indoor and outdoor use are described, including simplex, duplex, loose tube, aerial/self-supporting, and direct-buried armored cables. The document provides details on fiber and cable characteristics to understand their applications.
it's gives the full description about satellite . it's provide the knowledge about wireless communication.and it's gives the comparison between oft and satellite.ti's gives the basic knowledge about optical fibre
An optical fiber cable contains one or more optical fibers that carry light pulses instead of electrical signals. The fibers are coated in plastic and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment. Different cable types are used for long distance telecommunications or connecting parts of a building. Cables consist of glass cores and claddings, protective coatings, strength members, and outer jackets. Fiber optic cables are used by businesses, governments, and industries to transmit voice, video, and data over long distances and within networks and devices.
Fiber optics technology uses thin glass fibers to carry signals in the form of light over long distances. Optical fibers have a core that light travels through surrounded by cladding. They transmit data using total internal reflection. Fiber optics development accelerated in the 1980s when it became the backbone of long-distance phone networks due to its thinness, low cost, high bandwidth, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. Optical fibers are now widely used for telecommunications, local networks, cable TV, and other applications.
The document provides details about an engineering team consisting of 4 members and their roles. It then outlines the steps required to prepare, connect, insert fibers, crimp connectors, cure epoxy, clean, polish and inspect fiber optic connections.
Fiber optic connectors have been around for many years, nearly since the creation of optical fiber itself. A key component of optical fiber is its ability to transmit light signals over long distances without attenuation, in other words without light lost along the optical path. There are many types of connectors to choose from as well as methods to connectorize fiber cables.
How to Choose Fiber Optic Cable
1. Firstly, what is the technology requirement that needs to be linked by the fiber cabling?
2. Secondly, what is the desired transmission speed?
3. Specifically, how far is the distance between the transmitting and receiving equipment?
4. In particular, is the route exclusively internal or involve external runs outside of the building?
5. Furthermore if external, is there potential damaged problems such as rodents, damaged form outside machinery?
6. Finally, what is your budget?
This document discusses optical fiber communication and fiber cable repairing. It describes the tools and equipment used for fiber splicing including a splicer, bolt cutters, scissors, and cleaver. The document outlines the types of splicing including mechanical splicing using epoxy resin or V-grooves and fusion splicing using micro-plasma burners. Fusion splicing allows for very low insertion loss compared to mechanical splicing. Potential splicing losses and manufacturers of splicing machines are also mentioned.
Fiber optic cable and its types including patchcables and connector typesAbhishekGarg269
in this slide i have discussed about fiber cable and its connector (LC,SC,ST) . i am sure after read this slide you have a deep knowledge of fiber optics and all of your doubts will resolve
This document summarizes Umang Bhatia's summer training experience learning about optical fiber communication used in Indian Railways. It provides an overview of optical fiber types including single mode and multi-mode fibers. It also describes how optical fibers transmit data via total internal reflection and discusses pulse code modulation and time division multiplexing used in optical communication systems. The document compares advantages of optical fiber to other transmission mediums and areas where optical fiber is commonly used.
This document discusses optical fiber communication. It provides a brief history of optical fibers, describing early experiments in the 1870s. It explains the basic components and construction of optical fibers, which use total internal reflection to transmit light signals through a glass core. Applications include cable TV, data transmission, and cellular networks. Advantages are high bandwidth, low signal degradation, and small size. Future uses may include automotive entertainment and connectivity.
optical fiber communications give a way to communicate with our daily life basis.here is a sort of applications of fiber optic in our different field.so i am actually gonna give a sort of different applications of fiber optics
Ethernet has evolved from using coaxial cable to a star topology using hubs and switches connected by UTP cable or fiber optics. FDDI was the first standard developed for high-speed local area networks using fiber optics in a dual counter-rotating ring topology. IBM's ESCON network connected mainframe peripherals in a switched star architecture using fiber optics, starting at 4.5 MB/sec and increasing to 10 MB/sec. Today most large networks use fiber optics in the backbone and UTP cabling at the desktop, allowing speeds up to 100 Mbps to individual devices. Fiber optics is also used in cellular networks, wireless LANs, utility grids, security systems, building management, industrial process control,
Fiber optic cable is one of the fastest-growing transmission mediums for both new cabling installations and upgrades, including backbone, horizontal, and even desktop applications.
Measuring Fiber / Merenja na optičkim vlaknimaNemanja Radić
1. Fiber optic networks are constantly increasing in speed and capacity to meet new application demands like interactive video.
2. Standards like ANSI/TIA-568-C set allowable loss limits for fiber optic links based on factors like cable length, number of splices and adapters.
3. Proper cleaning, inspection and testing of fiber optic connections and links is important to ensure low loss and good performance. A visual fault locator can be used to check basic connectivity but more advanced testing may be required.
Project Report on Optical Fiber Cables and Systems (MTNL Mumbai)Pradeep Singh
This document provides a summary of a project report on optical fiber cables and systems used by MTNL Mumbai. It discusses the basic optical fiber transmission system including digital distribution frames, multiplexers, optical line terminating units, and repeaters. It also covers topics like Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), digital transmission hierarchies including Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), data circuits, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM), and the construction, maintenance and fault detection of optical fiber cables. Network elements of SDH like terminal multiplexers, add/drop multiplexers, and digital cross-connects are also described.
This document provides information on fiber optic communication systems. It discusses the structure of optical fibers, how total internal reflection works, different fiber types and modes. It also covers fiber optic data transmission, terminology, components of communication systems, advantages and disadvantages, maintenance procedures like splicing and termination. Different network topologies like bus, star and ring are explained. The document concludes with applications of fiber optics in aircraft systems.
Fiber optics measurement Technique by mitesh kumarMitesh Kumar
The document discusses fiber optic measurement techniques, including using an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) to measure fiber attenuation and locate faults by launching light pulses and measuring backscatter, as well as using a power meter to directly measure signal loss in a link by comparing readings with and without the device under test. Proper procedures are outlined for ensuring accurate OTDR and power meter readings, and other fiber optic measurement tools like those made by EXFO are presented for evaluating chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion.
[1] O documento discute a puberdade normal e precoce em mulheres, incluindo seus sinais clínicos e critérios de diagnóstico.
[2] A puberdade normal começa entre 8-13 anos e envolve o desenvolvimento dos seios, pelos pubianos e a primeira menstruação.
[3] A puberdade precoce ocorre antes dos 8 anos e pode ser central ou periférica, sendo diagnosticada clinicamente e confirmada por exames hormonais e de imagem quando necessário.
Este documento presenta una clasificación de la muerte desde una perspectiva médico-legal, incluyendo la muerte aparente, clínica, cerebral y asistida. También describe fenómenos cadavéricos tempranos y tardíos, y conceptos como la autopsia, asfixiología y sexología forense para evaluar violaciones y abusos sexuales. Finalmente, introduce la psiquiatría forense para evaluar la capacidad de los imputados y la responsabilidad penal.
O documento discute mitos comuns sobre o orgasmo feminino, incluindo que as mulheres sempre têm orgasmo durante relações sexuais, que todas as mulheres podem ter múltiplos orgasmos, e que o único tipo de orgasmo é vaginal através da penetração. O documento esclarece que cada mulher é diferente e que fatores psicológicos também influenciam a capacidade de uma mulher ter orgasmos. Se uma mulher tiver dificuldades, é recomendado procurar ajuda de um especialista.
O documento apresenta uma introdução sobre Tanatologia Forense, que estuda a causa da morte a partir da análise do local, circunstâncias e necropsia. Seus objetivos principais são identificar o cadáver, mecanismo e causa da morte, e diagnosticar se foi acidente, suicídio, homicídio ou morte natural.
O documento descreve a Medicina Legal como uma disciplina que aplica conhecimentos médicos e biológicos ao Direito. Apresenta suas divisões e aplicações no Direito Constituído, Constituindo e na fiscalização do exercício profissional. Também define conceitos como perito, perícia, documentos periciais e tipos de perícias e documentos médico-legais.
Este documento discute a puberdade precoce, incluindo sua classificação, diagnóstico e tratamento. A puberdade precoce pode ser central ou periférica. O diagnóstico é clínico e envolve exames como o teste do GnRH. O tratamento para a puberdade precoce central envolve o uso de análogos de GnRH para estacionar a maturação sexual, enquanto tumores causam puberdade precoce periférica e requerem cirurgia.
Este documento describe los procedimientos para realizar un examen ginecológico pediátrico. Se recomienda que la niña se siente en el regazo de su madre para sentirse más cómoda, y solo usar instrumentos como el otoscopio o espéculo nasal si es necesario. El examen físico debe realizarse con cuidado para no causar más temor o incomodidad a la niña.
Este documento describe las etapas del desarrollo femenino desde la niñez hasta la madurez, incluyendo la pubertad y la menarquia. Explica los cambios anatómicos y hormonales que ocurren en cada etapa, así como los métodos para evaluar el desarrollo de los caracteres sexuales secundarios. La pubertad se inicia entre los 8-13 años cuando los ovarios comienzan a secretar estrógenos y andrógenos, dando lugar al desarrollo de los senos, vello púbico y otros cambios,
Este documento presenta los temas que se abordarán en la cátedra de Ginecología Pediátrica y del Adolescente dictada por el Dr. Ivan Ortiz Wong. Incluye información sobre trastornos congénitos, cuerpos extraños, adherencias labiales y lesiones genitales. También cubre trastornos de la maduración sexual, biología vaginal y leucorreas. El documento finaliza presentando a los integrantes del curso.
Este documento proporciona información sobre el aparato genital femenino y el examen ginecológico. Incluye detalles sobre la anamnesis, los síntomas y signos a evaluar en el examen físico como la menstruación, leucorrea, dolor ginecológico y la historia obstétrica. También describe los procedimientos auxiliares de diagnóstico como la colposcopia, biopsia cervical y curva basal de temperatura. Finalmente, aborda temas como la amenorrea, menopausia y examen obst
Este documento describe el desarrollo puberal normal y patológico. Explica las modificaciones somáticas que ocurren durante la pubertad como el aumento del crecimiento, la acumulación de grasa y el desarrollo de los caracteres sexuales secundarios. También describe las causas de la pubertad precoz, como tumores y trastornos endocrinos, y los métodos de diagnóstico e intervención médica para tratar este trastorno.
1. The document discusses various physical media used for networking including copper cables like coaxial cable and twisted pair, optical fiber, and wireless technologies.
2. It describes the characteristics of different cable types like bandwidth and attenuation. Category 3, 5, 5e, and 6 unshielded twisted pair cables are commonly used for Ethernet networks.
3. Optical fiber uses the principle of total internal reflection to transmit modulated light for communication. Multimode fiber supports less bandwidth than singlemode fiber.
This document discusses various physical media used for networking, including copper-based media like coaxial cable and twisted pair cables, optical fiber, and wireless technologies. It provides details on the characteristics of different cable types like category ratings for unshielded twisted pair cables and specifications for multimode and singlemode optical fiber. Wireless technologies are categorized by their typical range as short, medium, or long. Frequency bands used by different wireless applications are also outlined.
This document discusses various physical media used for computer networking. It describes copper media such as coaxial cable and different categories of unshielded twisted pair cabling. It also discusses fiber optic cable, noting the differences between multi-mode and single-mode fiber. Wireless media is discussed including short, medium, and long range options. Specific frequency bands used for different applications are listed. Details are provided on wireless LANs, terrestrial microwave transmission, and satellite communication.
1) The physical layer is responsible for transmitting individual bits between nodes using physical media like copper cables, fiber optic cables, or wireless transmission.
2) There are different types of physical media including twisted pair copper cables, coaxial cables, fiber optic cables (single-mode and multi-mode), and wireless transmission using technologies like infrared, microwave, radio, and satellite communication.
3) Each physical medium has its own characteristics regarding bandwidth, distance capability, noise immunity, and data transmission speed that make some better suited for certain applications over others. Selection depends on network needs and environment.
The document summarizes different physical transmission media used for computer networks, including copper cables like coaxial cable and various categories of unshielded twisted pair (UTP), optical fiber cables, and wireless transmission methods. It describes the basic characteristics and applications of each medium such as bandwidth, distance capability, and common network protocols supported.
The document summarizes different physical transmission media used for computer networks, including copper cables like coaxial cable and various categories of unshielded twisted pair (UTP), optical fiber cables, and wireless transmission methods. It describes the basic characteristics and applications of each medium such as bandwidth, distance capability, and common network protocols supported.
There are two major classes of transmission media: guided and unguided. Guided media uses conductors like wires or fiber optic cables to transmit signals, while unguided media uses radio waves without a conductor. Common types of guided media include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. Each type has advantages and disadvantages related to bandwidth, distance limitations, noise interference, and cost.
A quick overview of Data Networking that I gave to a technical group who wanted an introduction to data communications. I hope someone finds a use for it. Msg me if you want to the original pres.
This document discusses three main types of network cables: fiber optic cable, twisted pair cable, and coaxial cable. It provides details on the characteristics of each cable type, including that fiber optic cable transmits light through glass fibers and is used for long distance connections, twisted pair cable consists of two copper wires that transmit data and is used for telephone and Ethernet networks, and coaxial cable has a inner conductor surrounded by insulation and outer conductor used to transmit radio frequency signals for applications like cable TV.
The document discusses various types of transmission media used in computer networks. It describes guided media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. Twisted pair cable comes in categories based on bandwidth and can be unshielded or shielded. Coaxial cable uses a central conductor surrounded by insulation and shielding. Optical fiber transmits signals in the form of light pulses through glass or plastic strands. Unguided media like radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves transmit electromagnetic signals through the air without physical conductors. Each type of transmission media has characteristics like bandwidth, noise immunity, and cost that make some more suitable than others for different network applications.
This document discusses fiber optic communication systems. It begins by introducing fiber optics as a major component of telecommunication infrastructure due to its high bandwidth capabilities and low signal attenuation. It then covers the basic building blocks of a fiber optic system including light sources, detectors, couplers and multiplexers. The document discusses the advantages of fiber optic systems such as long signal transmission distances, large bandwidth and small cable size. It also covers transmission windows, loss calculations and provides examples. In summary, the document provides an overview of the key concepts and components of fiber optic communication systems.
This document provides an overview of high-speed communications using multimode fibers. It begins with a brief introduction to optical fiber communication and discusses the differences between single mode fiber and multimode fiber links. It then focuses on modern trends in high-speed multimode fiber communications, discussing the use of glass optical fibers and plastic optical fibers for short-haul, high-speed applications. The document provides details on the types of multimode fibers, their bandwidth and data rate capabilities, as well as light sources that can be used with each fiber type.
This document discusses different types of transmission media used to transmit signals and data in communication networks. It describes guided media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable, which provide a physical path for signal propagation. It also covers unguided or wireless media that transmit signals through air using radio waves, microwaves, or infrared. The key characteristics, applications, and performance of each transmission medium are outlined.
The document discusses different types of transmission media used to transmit signals from sender to receiver. It describes guided media like twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable. It provides details on their characteristics, applications, advantages and disadvantages. Twisted-pair cable is commonly used for telephone lines and low-speed LANs. Coaxial cable has higher bandwidth but is more expensive over long distances. Fiber-optic cable has the highest bandwidth and data rates but requires more skilled installation and maintenance.
Networking Concepts Lesson 03 - Media - Eric VanderburgEric Vanderburg
This document discusses various networking media options. It covers wired options like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It discusses characteristics of each type and standards like Cat5 and fiber connectors. It also covers wireless options including infrared, radio technologies like 802.11, spread spectrum, and microwave networks. It provides brief summaries of each type's speed, range, installation complexity and cost to help inform choices for a given network environment.
This document provides information on Spiktel Armored Cables. The cables are polyethene insulated twisted pair, polyallaminated armored underground cables compatible for digital and analog data transmission. They are used for voice frequency signal transmission between 300-3600 Hz for 64 kbps applications where additional support is required. Standard reel lengths are up to 50 pairs at 1000 meters and above 500 pairs at 200 meters. The cables comply with international standards and Spiktel controls the manufacturing process to ensure quality.
This document discusses different types of transmission media used for data transmission. It describes guided media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable which provide a physical transmission path. It also describes unguided or wireless media such as radio waves, microwaves, and infrared which transmit signals through air without a physical path. Key characteristics of each medium such as bandwidth, attenuation, and applications are summarized.
This document provides an overview of structured cabling and transmission media. It discusses different types of transmission media including twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. It describes the characteristics of each medium and when each is typically used. It also covers structured cabling systems and the key subsystems including entrance facilities, equipment rooms, telecommunications rooms, backbone cabling, horizontal cabling, and work area components. The document compares backbone and horizontal cabling and provides examples of installing Ethernet cables.
Similar to 2013 datwyler training 3 fibre intro - info tech middle east (20)
Cambium ptp650 arabic - wireless network link ptp- info tech middle eastAli Shoaee
سلسلة نظام PTP 650
ُعتمد عليه.
نظام البرودباند الالسلكي لشبكات نقطة لنقطة )PTP( ذو السعة العالية، الموثوق به والذي ي
ُص ّمم لشبكاتكم ذات الخدمات المتعدده.
ً في خدمات البيانات
ً عاليا
السنوات القليلة الماضية شهدت نموا
َل مزودي الخدمات الالسلكية والمنظمات
ِب
والصوت والفيديو من ق
الحكومية واألمنية وشركات الخدمات كشركات الغاز والنفط.
ً، إلى حاجة ماسة لسعة عالية في خدمات
هذا النمو أدى، عالميا
البرودباند ونقل البيانات بين الشبكات )Backhaul(.
لقد قامت شركة Cambium Networks بنظامها الجديد PTP
650 بإحداث ثورة في سوق المنتجات ذات الجودة والكفائة العالية.
إن نظام PTP 650 بسعة تصل إلى 450Mbps يهيئك للتعامل مع
المتطلبات الحالية للسعة العالية بجودة عالية وأمان مع القدرة على
التوسع والتطور حسب متطلبات المستقبل.
نظام لترددات أقل من GHz 6، ذو كفائة طيفية عالية، ذاتي
التحسين
ً بنطاق واسع والتي أثبتت
ً ّ على أنظمتنا المجربة عالميا
اعتمادا
فإن ،»non-line-of-sight NLOS« تكنولوجيا في قدرتها
نظام PTP 650 ُ الالسلكي المّدعم بجسر اإليثرنت )Ethernet
bridge( يُقدم مواصفات مثالية عديدة توفر لك سعة أكثر، ومرونة
أعلى في األداء، ويوفر أعلى كفائة طيفية )spectral efficiency(
،GHz 6.05 - 4.9 بين تعمل PTP 650 سلسلة .السوق في
متعددة الترددات في راديو واحد، ويمكنها العمل في قنوات من 5 -
.MHz 45
»Dynamic Spectrum Optimization« تكنولوجيا باستخدام
تستمر أنظمة PTP 650 بتحسين أداء قناتها من أجل زيادة أداء
ودقة عمل النظام. يتميز نظام PTP 650 بقدرته على العمل
%99.999 من الوقت وبأداء عالي تحت أي ظرف بيئي بما في ذلك
فوق ،NLOS، long distance LOS، high interference
الماء وفي الصحراء، وفي الظروف الجوية السيئة. كل ذلك يوفر لك
إمكانية توفير خدمات عالية الجودة بترددات قليله وباستثمار مالي
قليل حتى في أسوأ الظروف البيئية.
ً تم تصنيعه بناء على إحتياجاتكم
سواء أكان عملكم في مؤسسة، أو منظمة حكومية، أو مزودي
خدمات، فإن أنظمة PTP 650 هي الحل المثالي لعدة استخدامات
مثل: إطالة
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https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
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Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
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This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
2. Paul Hunter – UK Technical Manager
Thomas Gehrke (Munich – Germany)
Pius Albisser (Altdorf – Switzerland)
3. Fibre Cables
Manufacturing facilities
Altdorf (cables, cable harnessing)
Raw Fibre
Corning
Manufacturing Plant
Switzerland (Altdorf) total 100’000 m2
Cables produced per year (Cu and FO):
>140’000 km
Altdorf headquarters (Switzerland)
5. Optical Fibre is essentially a medium in which to send
large amounts of information down a single channel at
very high speeds.
Utilises Hard Clad Silica glass to carry pulses of light
(which represents the information transmitted) over
short or potentially very long distances
11. Multimode and Singlemode
Multimode – MM
Building cabling
Larger cross-sectional area
Short distances
Singlemode
Campus or long haul
Smaller cross-sectional area
Long distances
16. Optical plummet
Law of Snellius
Refraction
n1 > n2
αΕ
sin α E ∗ n1= sin α B ∗
n2
E=R+T
n1
n2
αΒ
17. Numerical Aperture = NA
(Angel of acceptance qmax)
Low NA
- Less light
- Higher bandwidth
- E.g. G50/125 µm
High NA
- More light
- Low bandwidth
- E.g. G62.5/125 µm
18. Differential Mode Delay
Results:
Ideal for an
optical input
signal
Misshaped
optical output
signal
-The receiver is not capable
of detecting a single bit
-Increase of BER
-Decrease of data
rate, and velocity of
the transmission
- In extreme cases, the
transmission is lost
19. Graded Index of Profile Fiber
(Instead of Stepped index)
Exponent
of Profile g=2-Δ
3
r
1
rK
5
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
2
0
22. ISO/IEC
– ISO/IEC is applicable worldwide and valid in the Middle East
– Generic Premise Cabling
– Currently we have five all-silica optical fibre “types” or “Categories” specified
in the generic cabling standards.
– Internationally, ISO/IEC 11801 specifies OM1, OM2, OM3 and OS1. In
addition, ISO/IEC 24702 (Generic cabling for industrial premises) specifies
OS2.
– See also IEC 60794
24. EN (Cenelec)
– EN (CENELEC) is valid throughout Europe
– Generic Premise Cabling
– EN 50173-1 contains all the cable specifications and recognized that
Category OS2 cabled optical fibre (being of an external style cable
construction with low cabled attenuation) may frequently be jointed to
Category OS1
25. TIA/EIA
– TIA/EIA is valid for North America (mainly the USA)
– Generic Premise Cabling
– TIA/EIA 568-B (Revision of TIA/EIA-568-A)
27
26. TIA/EIA
– ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3
– · ANSI/EIA/TIA-455-A-1991,
– Standard Test Procedures for FO Cables and Transducers,
Sensors, Connecting and Terminating Devices, and other
components
– · ANSI/ICEA S-83-596-1994,
– Fibre Optic Premises Distribution Cable
– · ANSI/ICEA S-87-640-2000,
– Fibre Optic Outside Plant Communications Cable
– · ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-7-1998,
– Optical Power Loss Measurements of Installed Single-mode
Fibre Cable Plant-OFSTP-7
30. Multimode Fibre
Transmission
Standards
100 Mb Ethernet
1 Gb (1000 Mb)
Ethernet
10 Gb Ethernet
40 Gb Ethernet
100 Gb Ethernet
OM1 (62.5/125)
2 km
275 m
33 m
Not Supported
Not Supported
OM2 (50/125)
2 km
550 m
82 m
Not Supported
Not Supported
OM3 (50/125)
2 km
800 m
300 m
100 m
100 m
OM4 (50/125)
2 km
1100 m
550 m
125 m
125 m
Multi-mode optical fibre (multimode fibre or MM fibre) is a type of optical fibre
mostly used for communication over short distances, such as within a
building or on a campus. Typical multimode links have data rates of 10 Mb/s
to 10 Gb/s over link lengths of up to 400 meters—more than sufficient for the
majority of premises applications
31. Multimode Fibre
Transmission
Standards
Max Attenuation
Bandwidth (MHz / Km)
850nm
1300nm
850nm
1300nm
Laser
OM1 (62.5/125)
1.5dB
3.5dB
200
500
Not Specified
OM2 (50/125)
1.5dB
3.5dB
500
500
Not Specified
OM3 (50/125)
1.5dB
3.5dB
1500
500
2000
OM4 (50/125)
1.5dB
3.5dB
3500
500
4700
Attenuation of each fibre is shown on the relevant ‘Data sheet’
32. Singlemode Fibre
Max Attenuation
Bandwidth (MHz / Km)
Transmission
Standards
1310nm
1550nm
1310nm
1550nm
OS1 (9/125)
1.0dB
1.0dB
HIGH!
~100 Terahertz
HIGH!
~100 Terahertz
OS2 (9/125)
0.4dB
0.4dB
HIGH!
~100 Terahertz
HIGH!
~100 Terahertz
Single mode fibres can run distances >40km
39. Termination types
Pigtail
Splicing
Mechanical
Fusion
Direct termination
Hot melt
Cold cure
(Polish)
Pre-termination
MTP/MPO
All types – 1-2 metre
0.5dB loss
0.1dB loss
0.75dB loss
0.75dB loss
Improved dB loss
More expensive
Quicker on site
43. Power Budget
0.5 dB
0.30 dB
0.5 dB
10,87%
Patchkabel
0.5 dB
10,87%
6,67%
10,87%
100%
89,13%
a = -10 x lg Paus
Pein
79,4%
a = -10*lg 0,6608
1
74%
= 1,799 dB
= 1,8dB
= 66,08%
44. Summary of FO Cabling
High bandwidth
High data rates
Low attenuation
Ideal NEXT
No problems with EMC
No earthing problems
Little dimension
Low mass
Long life cycle
45. Coffee Break
Dätwyler Holding AG
Gotthardstrasse 31, 6460 Altdorf
T +41 41 875 11 00, F + 41 41 875 12 05
info@daetwyler.ch, www.daetwyler.ch
Editor's Notes
IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ISO – International Organization for Standardization
IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
TIA – Telecommunications Industry Association
EIA – Electronic Industries Alliance
CENELEC – European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
(French: Comité Européen de Normalisation Électrotechnique)